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RATIONALE: Antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) could cause severe and rare reactions, such as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. Recovering ATDs might guarantee a higher cure rate for tuberculosis patients. Our aim was to evaluate the results of desensitization and re-desensitization to recover ATDs in a case series of patients with DRESS syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES: A retrospective case series study was conducted on patients with DRESS syndrome due to therapy with ATDs from 2021 to 2023. Desensitization and re-desensitization protocols, designed with an algorithm proposed by the Tuberculosis Specialized Unit of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital in Lima, Peru, were implemented. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES: A total of 18 patients underwent desensitization or re-desensitization protocols, achieving an overall success rate of 72.2%. The average time for the development of DRESS syndrome due to ATDs was 19 days. Rifampicin (84.2%), isoniazid (68.4%), and pyrazinamide (26.3%) were identified as the main drugs responsible for this adverse reaction. All patients presented with fever and skin rash, with an average eosinophil percentage of 16.7% (interquartile range: 4.5-28.8). Organ involvement (liver, kidney, and heart) was observed in 8 patients, but only 2 patients experienced severe complications due to DRESS syndrome. A significant association was found between the number of ATDs used and eosinophil levels (P =.03). LESSONS: The study introduced a desensitization and re-desensitization algorithm for the treatment of DRESS syndrome, notable for its safety, adaptability, and high success rate. This advancement provided healthcare professionals with safer and more effective therapeutic approaches for managing this complex condition.

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Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Over the years, scientific research has played a pivotal role in addressing this disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze and outline the trends in scientific output on TB and identify research priorities in Latin America (LA) from 1990 to 2021. Scientific production was analyzed, and the number of publications, financing sources, and journal characteristics were evaluated. Collaboration networks and keywords were visualized using mapping analysis with VOSviewer software. Research themes were prioritized by country based on co-occurrence frequency. In total, 4399 documents were identified, a significant trend was evident in the number of publications per year (R2 = 0.981), and research substantially contributed to the reduction of TB-related mortality (R2 = -0.876). Most publications were original articles (83.8 %). The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease had the highest publication and citation rates per document. International collaboration was predominantly with the United States, France, and Canada. Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico had the highest number of publications and external collaborations. In LA, interest in researching studies related to treatment and diagnosis (32.5 %) was notably high, followed by epidemiology and screening (26.9 %). Among the 20 countries in LA, research priorities varied, with the highest emphasis on HIV/AIDS (14/20), epidemiology (9/20), anti-TB agents (6/20), and mortality (5/20). TB resistance was only considered a research priority in Brazil, Peru, and Haiti. Therefore, LA experienced significant growth in its scientific output, playing a crucial role in TB control. Strategic adaptation to the region's specific challenges was observed, particularly in HIV/AIDS coinfection, epidemiological studies, and drug resistance. This progress was achieved by outstanding international scientific collaboration. This holistic approach emphasizes the importance of research in the fight against TB in LA.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La resistencia a fármacos antituberculosos está influenciada por las características personales y las condiciones de salud de países en vías de desarrollo. OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores asociados a TB-pre extensamente resistente (TB-PRE XDR) en pacientes del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) entre 2017 y 2019. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se desarrolló un estudio caso control no pareado, definiendo como caso al paciente con TB- PRE XDR y como control al paciente con TB-S. Se recolectaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 51 casos y 102 controles. El análisis bivariado determinó como factores con p 51 años (OR: 0,17, IC95%: 0,05-0,51), uso de drogas (OR:2,5, IC95%: 1,1-5,4), antecedente de TB (OR: 20, IC95%: 8,4-47), reclusión previa (OR: 8, IC95%: 2,7-23,8), infección por VIH (OR: 0,2, IC95%: 0,08-1) y uso previo de fármacos antituberculosos (OR: 21, IC95%: 8,8-50). El análisis de regresión logística identificó como factores asociados a TB-PRE XDR al contacto de TB, antecedente de TB, tiempo de enfermedad y uso previo de fármacos antituberculosos. CONCLUSIÓN: Las medidas para limitar el desarrollo de TB-PRE XDR en pacientes con TB-S deben incidir sobre el antecedente de TB, contacto con TB, tiempo de enfermedad y uso previo de anti-TB no controlados; sin embargo, existen resultados no concluyentes sobre el hábito nocivo y la comorbilidad, siendo necesario más estudios para determinar su influencia como factores asociados identificables.

BACKGROUND: Resistance to anti-TB drugs is influenced by personal characteristics and health conditions in developing countries. AIM: To determine the factors associated with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PRE XDR-TB) at Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) in patients between the 2017 and 2019. METHODS: An unpaired case control study was developed; defining as case PRE XDR-TB patient and as control S-TB patient. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological variables were collected. RESULTS: We analyzed 51 cases and 102 controls. The bivariate analysis showed as factors with p 51 years (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.51), drug use (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.4), previous history of TB (OR: 20, 95% CI: 8.4-47), previous confinement (OR: 8, 95% CI: 2.7-23.8), HIV infection (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.08-1) and previous use of antiTB drugs (OR: 21, 95% CI: 8.8-50). The logistic regression analysis identified as associated factors with PRE XDR-TB the previous contact with TB, a history of TB, length of illness and previous use of tuberculosis antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The measures to limit the development of TB-PRE XDR in patients with TB-S must include the previous history of TB, TB contact, length of illness and previous use of uncontrolled antibiotics against TB; however, there are inconclusive results about the harmful habits and comorbidity, requiring more studies to determine their influence as identifiable associated factors.

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Sr. Editor   La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado negativamente a otros programas de prevención y de control de enfermedades que podrían llegar a causar más muertes que el propio coronavirus (1), a la vez que tiene consecuencias sustanciales para otros dominios, tal como el impacto social: disminuyendo el crecimiento económico y aumentando las tasas de desempleo, pobreza e inseguridad alimentaria.

Dear editor, The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected other disease prevention and control programs that could cause more deaths than the coronavirus itself (1), and also having substantial consequences for other domains, such as social impact: slowing economic growth and increasing rates of unemployment, poverty, and food insecurity.

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El SARS-CoV-2 es un beta-coronavirus del mismo subgénero que los virus SARS y MERS, comparten el mismo receptor de unión del gen, la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE2).(1)El espectro de severidad de la enfermedad es variado, siendo la forma leve la más frecuente (81%), y la enfermedad severa presente en el 14% de los casos, estando la presentación crítica en el 5%, con una mortalidad del 2,3%.

SARS-CoV-2 is a beta-coronavirus of the same subgenus as SARS and MERS viruses, they share the same gene binding receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2)(1). The spectrum of disease severity is varied, with the mild form being the most frequent (81%), and severe disease present in 14% of cases, with critical presentation being present in 5%, with a mortality of 2.3%.

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Introducción: La infección por VIH y la tuberculosis son dos de las principales epidemias que afectan a muchos países de Latinoamérica, las cuales tienen un impacto bidireccional entre sí, por lo que son enfermedades de gran relevancia en la salud pública. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH en los pacientes registrados en el Programa de Control de la Tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados ingresados al Programa de Control de Tuberculosis. Se consideró coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH a aquellos con prueba confirmatoria para Western Blot con tuberculosis activa de forma simultánea. Con los modelos lineales generalizados se obtuvieron valores p y las razones de prevalencia ajustados con un IC 95 por ciento. Resultados: De los 289 pacientes, el 30,1 por ciento tuvo coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH y se asoció a ser varón (RPa: 2,11; IC 95 por ciento:1,21-3,66), consumidor de drogas (RPa: 1,71; IC 95 por ciento: 1,13-2,52) y tener el antecedente de infección previa de tuberculosis (RPa: 2,35; IC 95 por ciento: 1,53-3,63). Asimismo, estuvo asociada de manera inversa con la edad (RPa: 0,98; IC 95 por ciento: 0,97-0,99). Conclusiones: Según los datos, la prevalencia de coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH es elevada y existe mayor frecuencia de coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH entre varones, a una menor edad, los que tenían antecedentes de tuberculosis y los que consumían drogas. Es importante implementar acciones para mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades infecciosas(AU)

Introduction: HIV infection and tuberculosis are two of the main epidemics that affect many Latin American countries, which have a two-way impact on each other, making them highly relevant diseases in public health. Objective: To identify the factors associated with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in patients registered in the Tuberculosis Control Program of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out. The medical records of hospitalized patients admitted to the Tuberculosis Control Program were reviewed. Those with a confirmatory test for Western Blot with active tuberculosis were considered coinfection with tuberculosis and HIV simultaneously. With the generalized linear models, p-values and prevalence ratios adjusted with a 95 percent CI were obtained. Results: Of the 289 patients, 30.1 percent had tuberculosis and HIV coinfection and was associated with being male (RPa: 2.11; 95 percent CI: 1.21-3.66), drug user (RPa: 1.71; 95 percent CI: 1.13-2.52) and have a history of previous tuberculosis infection (RPa: 2.35; 95 percent CI: 1.53-3.63). Likewise, it was inversely associated with age (RPa: 0.98; 95 percent CI: 0.97-0.99). Conclusions: According to the data, the prevalence of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection is high and there is a higher frequency of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection among men, at a younger age, those with a history of tuberculosis and those who consume drugs. It is important to implement actions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of both infectious diseases(AU)

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La infección por COVID-19 presenta una elevada mortalidad respecto a otros virus respiratorios. En este artículo buscamos definir las comorbilidades que están asociadas a la elevada mortalidad o a las complicaciones que requieren mayor soporte ventilatorio en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se ha diseñado una búsqueda bibliográfica con respecto a las comorbilidades y/o alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio y los estudios radiológicos que se han asociado a la presencia de mortalidad, especialmente en los casos descritos en China.

Mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 is high compared to that caused by other respiratory viruses. This article aims to define the comorbidities associated with high mortality rates or complications that require ventilatory support in intensive care units. A bibliographic search has been performed with respect to comorbidities and/or alterations in laboratory tests and radiographic exams that have been associated with mortality, especially those described in China.

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Introducción: El uso indiscriminado de antibióticos existe como amenaza a la salud pública desde hace varios años. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), advierte que en el año 2050 comenzará la "era postantibiótica", donde se atribuirá a infecciones resistentes un aproximado de 10 millones de muerte por año. La infección donde se ve mayor relevancia este tipo de bacterias resistentes es la patología de vía urinaria. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al desarrollo de infecciones de vías urinarias por bacterias productoras de Betalactamasas en adultos mayores en el servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos: Se elaboró un estudio analítico, transversal, retrospectivo, tipo casos y controles. Se obtuvieron los datos a través de la revisión de historias clínicas, con el llenado de una ficha de recolección de datos relacionados a aspectos sociodemográficos como antecedentes clínicos. Con una muestra total de 139 pacientes, se obtuvieron 56 casos y 86 controles. Para medir la asociación, se utilizó los Odds Ratio para lo cual se usó el software estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significaba entre la infección por E. Coli BLEE con los antecedentes como el uso previo de antibióticos y el antecedente de infección urinaria recurrente. Los OR y los intervalos de confianza de las variables que mostraron ser significativas fueron: IVU recurrente (IC 95%, OR=1,722), Anemia (IC 95% OR= 1.96), Hipotiroidismo (IC 95%, OR=1.13), la HTA (IC 95%, OR=1.050), multigestación (IC 95%, OR=1.062) y Antecedente de uso previo antibiótico (IC 95%, OR=22.106). Conclusión: En el estudio se identificó que la edad promedio de presentación de infección urinaria por E. Coli BLEE se ubica entre los 65 a 75 años. Las infecciones urinarias recurrentes y el uso previo de tratamiento antibiótico son factores de riesgo significativos para desarrollar infecciones por bacterias BLEE.

Introduction: The overused of antibiotics has existed as a threat to public health for several years. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that in the year 2050 the "post-antibiotic era" will begin, where approximately 10 million deaths per year will be attributed to resistant infections. The infection where this type of bacteria is most relevant is in urinary tract pathology. Objective: Determine the factors associated with the development of urinary tract infections by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in older adults in the internal medicine service of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective, case-control type study was carried out. Data were obtained through the review of medical records, with the completion of a data collection form related to sociodemographic aspects such as clinical data. With a total sample of 139 patients, 56 cases and 86 controls were obtained. To measure the association, we used the Odds Ratio, the statistical software SPSS was used. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between E. Coli ESBL infection with antecedents such as previous use of antibiotics and a history of recurrent urinary infection. The ORs and the confidence intervals of the variables that were shown to be significant were: recurrent urinary tract infection (95% CI, OR = 1,722), Anemia (95% CI OR = 1.96), Hypothyroidism (95% CI, OR = 1.13), Hypertension (95% CI, OR = 1,050), multi-pregnancy (95% CI, OR = 1,062) and History of previous antibiotic use (95% CI, OR = 22,106). Conclusion: The study identified the average age of presentation of urinary infection by E. Coli ESBL is between 65 to 75 years. Recurrent urinary tract infections and previous use of antibiotic treatment are significant risk factors for developing ESBL bacterial infections.

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RESUMEN Se reporta la frecuencia de mutaciones genéticas KatG e inhA que confieren resistencia a isoniacida en una muestra de 777 pacientes con resistencia a isoniacida. Se utilizó la prueba GenoType® MTBDRplus y la prueba de sensibilidad convencional por el método de agar en placa. Se encontró que 54 % presentó mutación en el gen KatG; este se asoció con resistencia a estreptomicina 76,6 % (p<0.05), rifampicina 66.7 % (p<0.05) y etionamida en un 33 % (p<0.05). La mutación en el gen inhA tuvo una frecuencia de 46 %, y se asoció con resistencia a etionamida en un 68,1 % (p<0.05), rifampicina 47,2 % (p<0,05) y estreptomicina 33 % (p<0,05). En estos pacientes, la presencia de genes que confieren resistencia a isoniazida se relacionó con resistencia a otros medicamentos antituberculosos.

ABSTRACT This a report of the frequency of KatG and inhA genetic mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid in a sample of 777 patients with resistance to isoniazid. GenoType® MTBDRplus test and conventional sensitivity tests by the agar plate method were used. It was found that 54% presented mutation in the KatG gene, associated with higher resistance to streptomycin 76.6% (p <0.05), rifampicin 66.7% (p <0.05) and ethionamide in 33% (p <0.05). inhA gene mutation has a frequency of 46% and was associated with resistance to ethionamide in 68.1% (p <0.05), rifampicin 47.2% (p <0.05) and streptomycin 33% (p <0.05). In this sample, the presences of mutations that confer resistance to isoniazid was associated with resistance to other antituberculosis drugs.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la correlación entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía en pacientes con tuberculosis en Lima Norte (Lima, Perú), durante el periodo 2018. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de correlación para evaluar la calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía de los pacientes en tratamiento con esquema sensible de la jurisdicción del Hospital Nacional Sergio Bernales. La muestra correspondió a 102 pacientes pertenecientes al programa de tuberculosis, para la cual se utilizó el cuestionario respiratorio de Saint George, que mide la calidad de vida, constituida por tres dimensiones: síntomas, actividad social o impacto. Las lesiones radiológicas se cuantificaron mediante la clasificación de Willcox. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS, versión 23. Se estimó Chi-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación para determinar asociación de las variables. Resultados La correlación de Spearman es 0,622, lo que indica una relación positiva alta entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares en pacientes con tuberculosis (p<0,05). Se determinó asociación entre calidad de vida y tiempo de tratamiento, con cambios en el tercer mes. Conclusión Existe una asociación entre calidad de vida y lesiones pulmonares por radiografía de pacientes con tuberculosis.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the correlation between quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients with tuberculosis in Lima Norte (Lima, Peru) during the 2018 period. Methods A descriptive correlation study was carried out to evaluate the quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients in sensitive scheme treatment of the jurisdiction of the Sergio Bernales National Hospital. The sample corresponded to 102 patients belonging to the tuberculosis program and the Saint George respiratory questionnaire was used, which measures the quality of life, which consists of three dimensions: symptoms, activity, social, or impact. Radiological lesions were quantified by Willcox classification. For the data analysis, the SPSS version 23 program was used. Chi square and the correlation coefficient were estimated to determine the association of the variables. Results Spearman's correlation is 0.622, which indicates a high positive relationship between quality of life and lung lesions in patients with tuberculosis (p<0.05). An association between quality of life and treatment time was determined, with changes in the third month. Conclusion There is an association between quality of life and lung lesions by radiography of patients with tuberculosis.

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Objetivo: Describir la asociación entre el control del asma y la adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo en los años 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo, de tipo clínico, durante el periodo 2019-2020, en pacientes asmáticos del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) para evaluar la relación entre control del asma y adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes atendidos en el Consultorio de Asma del Servicio de Neumología. La información fue recolectada de las historias clínicas y los datos registrados fueron los siguientes: test de adherencia a los inhaladores (TAI), test de control de asma (ACT), edad, sexo, tratamiento instaurado, tiempo de enfermedad y la valoración nutricional, a través de la revisión de historias clínicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software IBM SPSS Statistics versión 22, y para determinar la asociación se realizó la prueba estadística X2. Resultados: Se evaluaron 187 pacientes mediante historias clínicas, 84 hombres (44,92 %) y 103 mujeres (55,08 %). El promedio de edad fue de 59,42 ± 15,08 años (solo los mayores de edad fueron considerados en el estudio). Mediante el análisis de los datos de las historias clínicas, se determinó que había 86 pacientes controlados (45,99 %) y que 48 pacientes eran adherentes (25,67 %). El corticoide inhalado (CSI) fue el tratamiento más usado (50,80 %). El tipo inconsciente fue la modalidad más frecuente de paciente incumplidor (64,17 %). El promedio de tiempo de enfermedad, en años, estuvo en 21,78 ± 16,75. Conclusiones: El 75% de los pacientes asmáticos con adherencia al tratamiento controlan la enfermedad.

Objective: To describe the association between asthma control and adherence to treatment among patients of the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo from 2019 to 2020. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive and retrospective clinical study was carried out in asthma patients treated at the asthma office of the Pneumology Service from the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) from 2019 to 2020 to assess the relationship between asthma control and adherence to treatment. The following data was collected from the medical records: test of adherence to inhalers (TAI) results, asthma control test (ACT) results, age, sex, treatment, disease period and nutritional assessment. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics statistical software version 22 and the association between both variables was determined by the chi-square test. Results: One hundred eighty-seven (187) patients were evaluated through their medical records, out of which 84 were men (44.92 %) and 103 were women (55.08 %). The mean age was 59.42 ± 15.08 years (only adults participated in the study). Data from the medical records determined that 86 patients (45.99 %) had their asthma under control and 48 showed adherence to treatment (25.67 %). Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) was the most widely used treatment (50.80 %). Irresponsible people were the most frequent noncompliant patients (64.17 %). The mean disease period was 21.78 ± 16.75. Conclusions: Seventy-five percent (75 %) of asthma patients who adhere to treatment are able to control their condition.

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Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en el pronóstico del riesgo de presentar el síndrome obstructivo de apnea/hipopnea del sueño (SOAHS) al comparar los resultados de los cuestionarios de Berlín (CB), STOP-Bang (SB) y la Escala de somnolencia de Epworth (ESE) en pacientes internados en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el periodo 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio clínico cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo de pruebas diagnósticas, prospectivo y transversal. Se incluyó una muestra de 304 pacientes mayores de 18 años. Los resultados se presentan con frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Las variables se asociaron mediante la prueba de X2. Se midió la sensibilidad y especificidad del CB y ESE respecto a SB. El valor de p menor de 0,05 se consideró como significativo. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 52,89 ± 15,97 años, con predominio de los adultos menores de 50 años (40,50 %). El 60,50 % de los participantes fueron de sexo masculino. El promedio del IMC fue 30,74 ± 6,02 kg/m2 y la categoría más numerosa fue el sobrepeso (43,40 %). El 42,80 % tenía hipertensión. Según el SB, CB y la ESE, el 77,00 %, 62,50 % y 60,50 % tenían alto riesgo de presentar el SOAHS, respectivamente. Los cuestionarios mostraron una asociación entre edad, sexo, diagnóstico nutricional e hipertensión arterial con un elevado riesgo de presentar SOAHS (p < 0,05). Existe una débil correlación entre SB y CB (Kappa: 0,39) y SB y ESE (Kappa: 0,33). Conclusiones: Los cuestionarios son herramientas útiles con el potencial de pronosticar el riesgo de SOAHS. Presentan una correlación significativa, pero débil, entre su pronóstico de riesgo del síndrome. Sin embargo, deben ser considerados como pruebas de detección rápida y confiable.

Objective: To determine the differences in the prediction of the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by comparing the results of the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), the STOP-Bang (SB) Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in patients admitted to the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo from 2019 to 2020. Materials and methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional clinical study of diagnostic tests. A sample of 304 patients older than 18 years was included in the research. The results are presented with frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. The variables were associated using the chi-square test. The sensitivity and specificity of the BQ and ESS were measured against the SB Questionnaire. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The average age of the study population was 52.89 ± 15.97 years and adults under 50 years of age (40.5 %) prevailed. Sixty point five percent (60.5 %) of the participants were males. The average BMI was 30.74 ± 6.02 kg/m2, with the overweight category being the most numerous (43.40 %). Forty-two point eight percent (42.8 %) of the participants had hypertension. According to the SB Questionnaire, BQ and ESS, 77.0 %, 62.5 % and 60.5 % had a high risk of developing OSAHS, respectively. The questionnaires showed an association between age, sex, nutritional diagnosis and arterial hypertension, and a high risk of developing OSAHS (p < 0.05). There is a weak correlation between the SB Questionnaire and BQ (Kappa: 0.39), and between the SB Questionnaire and ESS (Kappa: 0.33). Conclusions: The abovementioned questionnaires are useful tools to predict the risk of developing OSAHS. They show a significant but weak correlation between them. However, they should be considered as rapid and reliable screening tests.

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En tiempos de distanciamiento social necesitamos estar más unidos que nunca. Actualmente vivimos una realidad sin precedentes, que inevitablemente nos llevará a cambiar nuestra forma de comportarnos como seres sociales, es decir, cambiar nuestra manera de vivir.

In times of social distancing we need to be more united than ever. We are currently living an unprecedented reality, which will inevitably lead us to change our way of behaving as social beings, that is, to change our way of living.

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RESUMEN Mycobacterium abscessus es una micobacteria no tuberculosa de crecimiento rápido, que produce infección pulmonar, cutánea, diseminada y otras, sobre todo en pacientes con comorbilidades. El diagnóstico se basa en la identificación de la micobacteria por medios de cultivo o por pruebas moleculares. El tratamiento con macrólidos y amikacina continúa siendo el ideal, aunque depende de la localización y de la gravedad de la infección, sin embargo, se han identificado genes de resistencia en algunas subespecies que limitan la eficacia antibiótica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con coinfección cutánea por Mycobacterium abscessus y Mycobacterium tuberculosis, quien presenta un síndrome de Cushing exógeno, factor predisponente para estas infecciones. Además, se identificaron hidatidosis y aspergilosis pulmonares. El tratamiento antituberculoso del paciente se ajustó para manejar ambas micobacterias, y su evolución fue favorable.

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium abscessus is a fast-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes lung, skin, disseminated and other infections, mainly in patients with comorbidities. The diagnosis is based on the identification of the mycobacterium by culture media or molecular tests. Treatment with macrolides and amikacin remains the optimal choice, although it depends on the location and severity of the infection; however, resistance genes have been identified in some subspecies that limit antibiotic efficacy. We present the case of a patient with cutaneous coinfection by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome, a predisposing factor for these infections. In addition, hydatidosis and pulmonary aspergillosis were identified. The patient's anti-tuberculosis treatment was adjusted to manage both mycobacteria, resulting in a favorable evolution.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with adherence to Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment in patients with the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal prospective cohort analytical observational study was conducted, including 100 patients who initiated Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. The Morisky Green test was applied to measure adherence to treatment and the Battle Test was applied to measure knowledge about Helicobacter pylori infection. The Chi-square test was performed to determine the association of factors with adherence to treatment and logistic regression analysis to estimate crude RR and adjusted RR. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, 64% were found to be female. The average age was 49.9 years and 65% were adherent to treatment. Factors associated with lack of treatment adherence were: age under 50 years (adjusted RR 3.95, 95% CI: 1.09-14.33), lack of higher studies (adjusted RR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.26-20.5) and presence of adverse reactions (adjusted RR: 5.88, 95% CI: 1.56-22.2). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients were found to be adherent to the treatment. The risk factors for poor adherence were adverse reactions, age under 50 years and lack of higher education.

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RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar admitidos al Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Métodos. Estudio analítico de casos y controles. Se seleccionaron pacientes con baciloscopia positiva del programa de tuberculosis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima - Perú. Los casos fueron pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar con hemoptisis; y los controles, tuberculosis pulmonar sin hemoptisis. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales. Se empleo el software SPSS 24. Se determinaron medidas de frecuencia, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, así como los odds ratio con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%, se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p<0,05. Resultados. La hemoptisis representó el 5,8% del total de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia positiva, el 80% se presentó en varones menores de 60 años. El 70% de casos tuvo antecedente de hábito alcohólico (OR: 2,5 IC: 1,2-5,5); el 24% exposición a quema de biomasa (OR: 4,9 IC: 1,7-14); el 66% presentó dolor torácico (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); las alteraciones tomográficas estuvieron presentes en el 88% de casos (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); no se encontró variaciones en el perfil de coagulación. La mortalidad por hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados con tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopía positiva fue del 20,22%. Conclusiones. El alcoholismo crónico y la evidencia tomográfica de bronquiectasia estuvieron asociados a hemoptisis en pacientes hospitalizados por tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia positiva.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the factors associated with hemoptysis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted at Dos de Mayo National Hospital. Methods. Analytical study of cases and controls. Patients from the tuberculosis program at Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima- Peru, were selected. The cases were patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptysis, and controls pulmonary tuberculosis without hemoptysis. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory variables were studied. SPSS 24 software is used. Frequency, central trend and dispersion measurements were determined, as well as odds ratios with their respective confidence intervals at 95%, the value of p<0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Tuberculosis hemoptysis account for 5,8% of all patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 80% occurred in males under 60 years old. 70% of cases had a history of alcoholic habits (OR: 2,5 CI: 1,2-5,5); 24% exposure to biomass burning (OR: 4,9 CI: 1,7-14); 66% had chest pain (OR: 3,3 IC: 1,6-6,7); tomographic alterations were present in 88% of cases (OR: 24,5 IC: 9,2-64,8); however, no variations in the coagulation profile were found. Death from hemoptysis in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 20,22%. Conclusions. Chronic alcoholism and tomographic evidence of bronchiectasis were associated with hemoptysis in patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear microscopy.