RESUMEN
To provide a new perspective on the evolutionary characteristics shaping the genetic diversity of Haemophilus parasuis biofilms, the relative synonymous codon usage values, codon usage bias values, effective number of codons (ENC) values, codon adaptation index (CAI) values, and the base components were calculated. Our objective was to implement a comparative analysis to evaluate the dynamic evolution of biofilm-associated genes in H. parasuis. The analysis of genetic diversity provides evidence that some biofilm-associated genes have similar genetic features. However, other genes show some variations in genetic direction. Furthermore, preferential selection of the synonymous codons and amino acids is apparent in biofilm-associated genes. Additionally, the ENC and CAI data from this study all strongly suggested that biofilm-associated genes may depend on deoptimization to adapt to environmental changes, and the mutation effect of biofilm-associated genes in H. parasuis plays an important role in shaping the genetic features. Our results reveal that the mutations of biofilm-associated genes form a set of sophisticated strategies for combating the environmental changes arising from the host cell in the evolution of H. parasuis.
Asunto(s)
Codón/genética , Evolución Molecular , Variación Genética , Haemophilus parasuis/genética , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mutación , Nucleótidos/genética , Mutación Silenciosa/genéticaRESUMEN
Plant molecular identity (ID) is used to describe molecular characteristics of plants, which should contain all of the necessary information. Using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, molecular ID can be described in a way that reflects the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions, annealing temperature, and the bands obtained in PCR amplification. A new complete molecular ID system is described in this study, which can be easily used and expanded to include more information. Using three cotton cultivars, we analyzed the products of PCR with ISSR primers and discussed the strategy for establishing their molecular ID. Using the segmented naming method, we designate the simple names and the full name systems of these three cultivars.
Asunto(s)
Gossypium/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Biomarcadores , ADN de Plantas/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
This study explored the clinical significance of silencer of death domain (SODD) expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its influence on chemotherapy as well as the effect of SODD expression on apoptosis of leukemic cells. The expression of SODD proteins in different ALL groups was determined by immunocytochemistry. The SODD RNAi-interfering plasmid was constructed and transferred to Jurkat cells, and the effects of SODD expression on cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using the MTT and FCM methods. The expressions of SODD, Phospho-NF-κB-P65, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The expression of SODD proteins was significantly higher in the ALL groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of SODD was significantly higher in refractory/relapsed and clinical high-risk groups than in standard-risk, initial treatment, and complete remission groups (P < 0.05). Microtubule-targeting drugs such as vincristine and taxol can notably down-regulate SODD expression during apoptosis, whereas DNR, and Ara-c cannot. The sensitivity of Jurkat cells to chemotherapeutic drugs increased with down-regulated SODD expression induced by SODD-interfering plasmid transfection. The sensitivity of the cells transfected with SODD-cloning genes decreased. SODD expression was high in the ALL children. These findings indicated that SODD over-expression might be correlated with the clinical classification, curative effect, and prognosis of ALL cells. Microtubule-targeting drugs can specifically down-regulate SODD expression in leukemic cells, thereby increasing the sensitivity of leukemic cells to SODD-targeting chemotherapeutics. In contrast, increased SODD expression tends to reduce sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Regulación Leucémica de la Expresión Génica , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Línea Celular Tumoral , Niño , Preescolar , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Fifty-seven scions from an adult purple-leaved plum tree were grafted onto the crown of a 6-year-old Yuhuang plum tree and compared to the control of a non-grafted tree. The floral buds of the purple-leaved plum were fully removed before blossoming to avoid sexual hybridization between the two species. The seeds of the Yuhuang plum were picked in July and sown in the spring after stratification. Three, eleven and eight variants with purplish red leaves were found among the seedlings that grew from the seeds picked in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The ratio of variant occurrence ranged from 2.3 to 15.8%. Our results confirmed the observation of a graft hybrid by Luther Burbank.