RESUMEN
In 232 patients predominantly with the central type of lung cancer underwent echotomography (ET) (n = 16), CT (n = 142) and MRT (n = 55) in order to evaluate their possibilities in the diagnosis of the spread of a tumor process to the mediastinum and their impact on disease staging. The results of the techniques and the data of surgical interventions were compared: CT in 55 patients, CT in 70 and MRT in 22. The sensitivity of each method was determined by 3 parameters: 1) detection of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy; 2) diseased mediastinal large vessels; and 3) cancer spread to the pleura, pericardium, heart, and chest. Routine tomography is of informative value in the diagnosis of metastases into a peritracheo-bronchial group of lymph nodes (its sensitivity, 66%), ET, for paravasal (91%), CT and MRT for any groups of mediastinal lymph nodes (89-100%). MRT and ET (with sensitivities of 80 and 100%, respectively) were the methods of choice in the assessment of vascular lesions. MRT and CT are the most potent in evaluating the pleura, pericardium, and chest. The application of new techniques allows the clinical disease stage to be changed in 520 patients. Only X-ray and bronchological studies of patients with suspected lung cancer are not sufficient. ET either CT or MPR should be supplemented.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Mediastino/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Mediastino/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
X-ray symptomatology of small pericardial effusions was studied on the basis of analysis of clinicoroentgenological and echocardiographic investigation of 173 patients with various chest diseases. Comparison of x-ray and USI results led to a conclusion of the effectiveness of polypositional roentgenography for the detection of small amounts of fluid in the pericardial cavity.
Asunto(s)
Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , RadiografíaRESUMEN
X-ray symptomatology of small pericardial effusions was studied on the basis of analysis of clinicoroentgenological and echocardiographic investigation of 173 patients with various chest diseases. Comparison of x-ray and USI results led to a conclusion of the effectiveness of polypositional roentgenography for the detection of small amounts of fluid in the pericardial cavity.
Asunto(s)
Ecocardiografía , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Thermographic results were analyzed in 40 lung cancer patients and in 2 patients with acute pneumonia. The diagnosis and spreading of disease were established during x-ray, bronchological and morphological investigations. Normal temperature distribution was observed on the skin surface of lung cancer patients. The appearance of local hyperthermia did not depend on a stage of lung cancer. The sensitivity of chromo-thermography in establishing lung changes in tumors was 80% but thermosemiotics was not specific for cancer only. Similar thermosemiotics was noted in acute pneumonia. Comparative assessment of temperature distribution on the chest surface and perfusion scintigraphy in 24 patients made it possible to give correct interpretation of various temperature drop values in hyperthermia.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Termografía , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Atelectasia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Cintigrafía , Termografía/métodosRESUMEN
Different types of left-ventricular wall movement were demonstrated in normal subjects and coronary patients, the differences being due to different degrees of reduction in the equatorial diameter of the cavity in the ejection phase. Rationale are given for using the mean diameter for left-ventricular volume calculations. A linear relationship has been demonstrated between the degree of diameter reduction and the ejection fraction. The latter is shown to be dependent on left-ventricular end diastolic volume. Regional myocardial contractility, a parameter of high diagnostic value, based on segmental ejection fraction, is introduced.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/fisiopatología , Corazón/fisiopatología , Volumen Sistólico , Adulto , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción MiocárdicaRESUMEN
Cineventriculo- and echocardiographic studies of left-ventricular cavity demonstrated an increase in the deep diameter and the thinning and outward displacement of the posterior wall during the isovolumic systole in normal subjects. This change of shape was however uncommon and, if present, less pronounced in 19 patients with marked coronary heart disease (CHD). In normal subjects, posterior wall movement amplitude was always greater than that of the anterior wall, whereas in coronary patients left-ventricular wall movement amplitudes were always similar. It is assumed that the lateral posterior wall displacement is due to a later myocardial activation in this area, while the absence of such movements is attributed to increased volume of ventricular cavity. The ratio of left-ventricular diameter to posterior wall thickness was actually below 3 in all normal subjects and above 3 in most of the coronary patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/fisiopatología , Corazón/fisiología , Adulto , Cinerradiografía , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Ecocardiografía , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción Miocárdica , Función VentricularRESUMEN
The authors considered 3 variants of radiation therapy of esophageal cancer using megavoltage radiation sources: standard methods including a continuous course, optimized planning including a continuous and split irradiation course. In the use of megavoltage sources and a continuous irradiation course the 5-year survival was 8.8%. The use of a split course in rational dosimetric planning made it possible to improve the 3-year survival up to 22.4% in a split course and up to 11.2% in a continuous course. The use of the optimum dosimetric planning made it possible while irradiationg esophageal cancer patients to reduce radiation exposure of the pulmonary tissue and to achieve a decrease of severe forms of radiation pneumonia.