RESUMEN
In conjunction with the introduction of the Bologna process in Sweden, specialist nursing education programmes were moved up to the second cycle of higher education with the opportunity to take a one-year master's degree, which also meant that students would undertake a degree project carrying 15 ECTS. The purpose of this study was to examine the introduction of postgraduate degree projects on the second-cycle level into Swedish specialist nursing programmes in accordance with the Bologna process. Five universities were involved and the study design took the form of action research. Problem formulation, planning, evaluation and follow-up with reflection led to new actions over a period of 2 1/2 years. Through a review of local curriculum documents, the implementation of a postgraduate degree project was monitored and these reviews, together with field notes, were analysed by means of constant comparative analysis. The results revealed a variety of tensions that arose when postgraduate degree projects were introduced, taking the form of differing views on the relationship between research, clinical development, specific professional objectives and academic objectives. These tensions were reflected in six areas of change. In summary, it can be noted that implementation of the postgraduate degree projects highlighted tensions related to basic views of learning.
Asunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/métodos , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería/métodos , Especialidades de Enfermería/educación , Curriculum , Evaluación Educacional , Escolaridad , Docentes de Enfermería , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Aprendizaje , Investigación en Enfermería , Desarrollo de Programa , SueciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Patients' participation in care is crucial for assuring patients a high quality of care based on values such as autonomy. The patients are supposed to be actively involved in care and treatment, even though these situations are complex, as in the context of end-of-life-care. The aim in this study was to identify demographic and health-related variables' relation to patients' participation during the last three months in life as documented in patients' records. METHOD: The population in the present study consists of 229 patients from 49 municipalities in a county in Sweden. Data were collected from all available documentation about deceased patients who were ≥18 years of age at the time of death and who had received healthcare services during the last 3 months of their life. RESULTS: This article demonstrates patients' participation in end-of-life care as it was noted in the patients' documentation. Demographic variables such as age, gender, and residence did not differ between those who participated and those who did not. Patients with dementia and disorientation were separated from those who were not disoriented. There was no information about the wishes of the patients with dementia and disorientation and they were not described as participating in care and treatment. Cognitive intact patients were participating significant more often. These patients had also more symptom describes in the records. These results can indicate that a patient's participation depends upon either the patient's cognitive capability or the healthcare professionals' competence to communicate and provide adequate documentation regarding patients' participation at end-of-life. The documentation about the participation of patients with cognitive dysfunction is poor and needs further investigation, to achieve the goal of dignified end-of-life care for all patients. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The results of the presents study call attention to the importance of finding innovative solutions to make patients with cognitive dysfunction involved in their care and treatment at end-of-life. Improvement of documentation showing patients' involvement in care is necessary, as is a discussion of how healthcare professionals can assure patients a high quality of care at end-of-life even if patients voices are not heard.
Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones , Documentación , Registros Médicos , Participación del Paciente/métodos , Participación del Paciente/psicología , Autonomía Personal , Cuidado Terminal/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comunicación , Femenino , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Relaciones Profesional-Paciente , Investigación Cualitativa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Suecia , Cuidado Terminal/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to describe how patients' participation in the care they received was documented in their health care records during the last three months of their lives. Two hundred and twenty-nine deceased adult persons were randomly identified from 12 municipalities in a Swedish county and their records were selected from different health care units. Content analysis was used to analyse the text. Four categories of patient participation were described: refusing offered care and treatments; appealing for relief; desire for everyday life; and making personal decisions. The most common way for these patients to be involved in their care at the end of their life was by refusal of the treatment and care offered. Characteristic of the different ways of participation were the diverse activities represented. The description of patients' involvement in their life situation at this time indicated their dissociation from the health care offered more than consenting to it.