RESUMEN
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The complications of NCC include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. In addition to antiparasitic drugs and surgery, the management of NCC includes the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. The traditional treatment with albendazole and praziquantel has not been altered over 30 years and present several side effects. There are other anti-helminthic drugs such as oxfendazole and nitazoxanide that may show efficacy in NCC treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic aspects of experimental NCC after in vivo treatment with the combination of oxfendazole and nitazoxanide. Balb/c mice were infected with T. crassiceps cysticerci and divided into groups of 10 animals each that received a single dose through gavage as follows: group treated with NaCl 0.9% (control group); group treated by monotherapy of the anti-helminthic drugs, 30 mg/kg in single dose of oxfendazole (OXF) or nitazoxanide (NTZ); and groups treated with the combination of the drugs (OXF/NTZ group). Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were performed. There was greater presence of final stage cysticerci after treatment. The microscopic analysis of the general pathological processes showed that the monotherapy with all treatment groups induced higher perivasculitis than what was observed in the control group. In contrast, the combination treatment showed a lower observation of PMN and MN inflammatory infiltration in comparison to the other treatments and to the control one. These results show that indeed the association of benzimidazole derivatives which present both anti-helminthic and anti-inflammatory properties with other cysticidal drugs are beneficial for the NCC treatment in which the aim is to destroy parasite without inducing inflammatory damage in the brain tissue.
Asunto(s)
Bencimidazoles , Encéfalo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neurocisticercosis , Nitrocompuestos , Tiazoles , Animales , Neurocisticercosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Neurocisticercosis/patología , Ratones , Tiazoles/uso terapéutico , Tiazoles/farmacología , Tiazoles/administración & dosificación , Nitrocompuestos/uso terapéutico , Bencimidazoles/uso terapéutico , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Encéfalo/parasitología , Encéfalo/patología , Femenino , Quimioterapia Combinada , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/administración & dosificación , Taenia solium/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Identificar qual conhecimento que os professores da educação básica possuem sobre primeiros socorros.Métodos:Estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa realizado entre maio e julho de 2020 com artigos dos últimos cinco anos das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS acessadas pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando os descritores em Ciências da Saúde "primeiros socorros" e "professores" em português e inglês.Resultados:Foram incluídos neste estudo 40 artigos. Em geral, os conhecimentos dos professores foram baixos e insuficientes. No entanto, mais de 70% deles gostariam de aprender sobre o tema. Profissionais da saúde como fontes de conhecimento foram pouco referidos. Os estudos abordaram primeiros socorros a diferentes situações como acontecimentos gerais, epilepsia/convulsões, traumatismo/avulsão dentária, entre outros.Conclusões:Foi predominanteo baixo nível de conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros entre professores da educação básica evidenciando necessidade de investimentos na formação deprofessores no assunto e na parceria saúde-educação para promoverambientes escolares seguros.
Objective: Identify what knowledge primary education teachers have about first aid.Methods:A bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review study conducted between May and July, 2020 with articles from the last five years of PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases,accessed by the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) using the descriptors in Health Sciences: "first aid" and "teachers" in Portuguese and English.Results:40 articles were included in this study. In general, teachers' knowledge was low and insufficient. However, more than 70% of them would like tolearn about the subject. Health professionals as sources of knowledge were barely mentioned. The studies addressed first aid to different situations such asgeneral events, epilepsy/convulsions, dental trauma/avulsion, among others.Conclusions:The low level of knowledge about first aid among basic education teachers was predominant, showing the need for investments in teacher's training on the subject and inthe health-education partnership to promote safe school environments.