Asunto(s)
Histoplasmosis/etiología , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/etiología , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Histiocitos/microbiología , Histiocitos/ultraestructura , Histoplasma/ultraestructura , Histoplasmosis/patología , Humanos , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/patología , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/etiologíaRESUMEN
The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/administración & dosificación , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inducido químicamente , Suplementos Dietéticos , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Factores de Edad , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Calcio/uso terapéutico , Calcio de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Fracturas Óseas/prevención & control , Humanos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Factores de Riesgo , Vitamina D/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium.