RESUMEN
Neuropathic pain is a condition with varying origins, including reduced dietary micronutrient intake. Phytate is a polyphosphate found in seeds and grains that can act as an antinutrient due to the ability of sequester essential divalent metals. Here we tested whether moderate dietary phytate intake could alter nociceptive pain. We subjected weaning mice to a chow supplemented with 1% phytate for eight weeks. Body weight gain, glycemic responses, food ingestion, water ingestion, and liver and adipose tissue weights were not altered compared to controls. We observed a decreased mechanical allodynia threshold in the intervention group, although there were no changes in heat- or cold-induced pain. Animals consuming phytate showed reduced spinal cord tumor necrosis factor (TNF), indicating altered inflammatory process. These data provide evidence for a subclinical induction of mechanical allodynia that is independent of phytate consumption in animals with otherwise normal phenotypic pattern.
Asunto(s)
Hiperalgesia , Neuralgia , Ratones , Animales , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Ácido Fítico , Médula Espinal , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfaRESUMEN
Neuropathic pain is a condition with varying origins, including reduced dietary micronutrient intake. Phytate is a polyphosphate found in seeds and grains that can act as an antinutrient due to the ability of sequester essential divalent metals. Here we tested whether moderate dietary phytate intake could alter nociceptive pain. We subjected weaning mice to a chow supplemented with 1% phytate for eight weeks. Body weight gain, glycemic responses, food ingestion, water ingestion, and liver and adipose tissue weights were not altered compared to controls. We observed a decreased mechanical allodynia threshold in the intervention group, although there were no changes in heat- or cold-induced pain. Animals consuming phytate showed reduced spinal cord tumor necrosis factor (TNF), indicating altered inflammatory process. These data provide evidence for a subclinical induction of mechanical allodynia that is independent of phytate consumption in animals with otherwise normal phenotypic pattern.
RESUMEN
Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.(AU)
Plantas que produzem metabólitos secundários com atividade alelopática ou fitotóxica podem ser biotecnologicamente importantes, servindo como fontes de aleloquímicos e, assim, contribuindo para o setor agroindustrial. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) é uma espécie amazônica que cresce em grupos, formando vismiais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de extratos hexânicos e metanólicos de folhas e ramos de Vismia japurensis in vivo e de plântulas cultivadas in vitro sobre Lactuca sativa. Além disso, folhas frescas e secas foram analisadas pelo método sanduíche, a fim de determinar sua capacidade de liberação de aleloquímicos. O extrato hexânico de plântulas in vitro reduziu a germinação em 10% e o extrato metanólico promoveu uma redução de 16% na velocidade de germinação. O crescimento radicular de Lactuca sativa foi inibido em 64,7% quando submetido ao extrato hexânico das folhas, em 39,3% sob influência do extrato hexânico dos galhos e em 96,09% para o extrato de hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Quando analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, os extratos mostraram evidências de terpenos, antraquinonas e flavonoides, com maior intensidade de sinais na região aromática do extrato hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Assim, Vismia japurensis possui elevado potencial biotecnológico em termos de produção de substâncias de baixa polaridade com capacidade de interferência no desenvolvimento de plantas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Clusiaceae/química , Clusiaceae/toxicidad , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos , Antraquinonas , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.
Plantas que produzem metabólitos secundários com atividade alelopática ou fitotóxica podem ser biotecnologicamente importantes, servindo como fontes de aleloquímicos e, assim, contribuindo para o setor agroindustrial. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) é uma espécie amazônica que cresce em grupos, formando vismiais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de extratos hexânicos e metanólicos de folhas e ramos de Vismia japurensis in vivo e de plântulas cultivadas in vitro sobre Lactuca sativa. Além disso, folhas frescas e secas foram analisadas pelo método sanduíche, a fim de determinar sua capacidade de liberação de aleloquímicos. O extrato hexânico de plântulas in vitro reduziu a germinação em 10% e o extrato metanólico promoveu uma redução de 16% na velocidade de germinação. O crescimento radicular de Lactuca sativa foi inibido em 64,7% quando submetido ao extrato hexânico das folhas, em 39,3% sob influência do extrato hexânico dos galhos e em 96,09% para o extrato de hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Quando analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, os extratos mostraram evidências de terpenos, antraquinonas e flavonoides, com maior intensidade de sinais na região aromática do extrato hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Assim, Vismia japurensis possui elevado potencial biotecnológico em termos de produção de substâncias de baixa polaridade com capacidade de interferência no desenvolvimento de plantas.
Asunto(s)
Germinación , Clusiaceae , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta , Plantones , AlelopatíaRESUMEN
Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.
Plantas que produzem metabólitos secundários com atividade alelopática ou fitotóxica podem ser biotecnologicamente importantes, servindo como fontes de aleloquímicos e, assim, contribuindo para o setor agroindustrial. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) é uma espécie amazônica que cresce em grupos, formando vismiais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de extratos hexânicos e metanólicos de folhas e ramos de Vismia japurensis in vivo e de plântulas cultivadas in vitro sobre Lactuca sativa. Além disso, folhas frescas e secas foram analisadas pelo método sanduíche, a fim de determinar sua capacidade de liberação de aleloquímicos. O extrato hexânico de plântulas in vitro reduziu a germinação em 10% e o extrato metanólico promoveu uma redução de 16% na velocidade de germinação. O crescimento radicular de Lactuca sativa foi inibido em 64,7% quando submetido ao extrato hexânico das folhas, em 39,3% sob influência do extrato hexânico dos galhos e em 96,09% para o extrato de hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Quando analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, os extratos mostraram evidências de terpenos, antraquinonas e flavonoides, com maior intensidade de sinais na região aromática do extrato hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Assim, Vismia japurensis possui elevado potencial biotecnológico em termos de produção de substâncias de baixa polaridade com capacidade de interferência no desenvolvimento de plantas.
Asunto(s)
Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Antraquinonas , Clusiaceae/química , Clusiaceae/toxicidad , Terpenos , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Abstract Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.
Resumo Plantas que produzem metabólitos secundários com atividade alelopática ou fitotóxica podem ser biotecnologicamente importantes, servindo como fontes de aleloquímicos e, assim, contribuindo para o setor agroindustrial. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) é uma espécie amazônica que cresce em grupos, formando vismiais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de extratos hexânicos e metanólicos de folhas e ramos de Vismia japurensis in vivo e de plântulas cultivadas in vitro sobre Lactuca sativa. Além disso, folhas frescas e secas foram analisadas pelo método sanduíche, a fim de determinar sua capacidade de liberação de aleloquímicos. O extrato hexânico de plântulas in vitro reduziu a germinação em 10% e o extrato metanólico promoveu uma redução de 16% na velocidade de germinação. O crescimento radicular de Lactuca sativa foi inibido em 64,7% quando submetido ao extrato hexânico das folhas, em 39,3% sob influência do extrato hexânico dos galhos e em 96,09% para o extrato de hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Quando analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, os extratos mostraram evidências de terpenos, antraquinonas e flavonoides, com maior intensidade de sinais na região aromática do extrato hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Assim, Vismia japurensis possui elevado potencial biotecnológico em termos de produção de substâncias de baixa polaridade com capacidade de interferência no desenvolvimento de plantas.
RESUMEN
Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.
Asunto(s)
Clusiaceae , Germinación , Alelopatía , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta , PlantonesRESUMEN
Amylin is a pancreatic hormone cosecreted along with insulin and involved in pancreatic amyloidosis and ß-cell apoptosis in diabetic cats and humans. Amylin is usually elevated in early stages of type 2 diabetes but recently was found to be increased in acute and chronic pancreatitis in humans. Currently, there are little data about feline amylin propensity to fibrillate and no information on circulating levels of this hormone during feline pancreatitis. We compared 4 amylin analogues and found cat amylin to be more prone to amyloid fibrillation than human amylin, the triple-proline analogue pramlintide and rat amylin. We also measured plasma amylin levels in healthy lean cats, diabetic cats, and cats with pancreatitis. Plasma amylin was higher in diabetic cats compared with healthy lean cats (P < 0.001). Interestingly, amylin levels during pancreatitis were higher than those of both lean cats (P < 0.0001) and diabetic cats without pancreatitis (P < 0.005). These data support evidence of feline amylin being more prone to aggregation than human amylin in vitro, which may influence diabetes mellitus progression and ß-cell failure in vivo. Furthermore, our data show an increase in amylin levels during feline pancreatitis and the need for future research on the role of this hormone in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation associated to feline diabetes mellitus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinaria , Polipéptido Amiloide de los Islotes Pancreáticos/sangre , Polipéptido Amiloide de los Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/veterinaria , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Gatos , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Pancreatitis/sangre , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Agregación Patológica de ProteínasRESUMEN
Drought is one of the environmental factors that most affects peanut cultivation in semi-arid regions, resulting in economic losses to growers. However, growth promoting bacteria are able to reduce water deficit damage in some plant species. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the interaction of Bradyrhizobium strains reducing water stress effects on peanut genotypes by antioxidant enzymes activities, leaf gas exchanges and vegetative growth, as well as to determine the taxonomic positioning of strain ESA 123. The 16S rRNA gene of ESA 123 was amplified by PCR and sequenced by dideoxy Sanger sequencing method. An experiment was performed in greenhouse with three peanut genotypes (BRS Havana, CNPA 76 AM and 2012-4), two Bradyrhizobium strains (SEMIA 6144 and ESA 123), a mineral source of N and an absolute control (without N) under two water regimes (with and without irrigation). Seeds of peanut were sown and the plants were grown until 30 days after emergence. On the 20th day, the water deficit plants group had their irrigation suspended for 10 days. At in silico analyzes, ESA 123 presented 98.97% similarity with the type strain of B. kavangense. Leaf gas exchange was affected by water deficit; as well as alteration of antioxidant activities and reduction of vegetative growth variables. However, some plants inoculated with SEMIA 6144 and ESA 123 strains presented lower reductions and increment of some evaluated variables, mainly the ones inoculated with the ESA 123 strain, Bradyrhizobium sp. from the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. This data suggests beneficial effects of the peanut-Bradyrhizobium interaction in a water stress condition, specially with the ESA 123 strain.
Asunto(s)
Arachis/microbiología , Arachis/fisiología , Bradyrhizobium/fisiología , Sequías , Antioxidantes , Arachis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bradyrhizobium/clasificación , Bradyrhizobium/genética , Bradyrhizobium/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Brotes de la Planta/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Semillas , Microbiología del Suelo , Estrés Fisiológico , Simbiosis , AguaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate 2 systems for covering corn silage in bunker silos. The first system consisted of a sheet of 45-µm-thick oxygen barrier film (OB, polyethylene + ethylene-vinyl alcohol) placed along the length of the sidewall before filling. After filling, the excess film was pulled over the wall on top of the silage, and a sheet of polyethylene was placed on top. The second system involved using a standard sheet (ST) of 180-µm-thick polyethylene film. Eight commercial bunker silos were divided into 2 parts lengthwise so that one-half of the silo was covered with OB and the other half with a ST system. During the filling, 3 net bags with chopped corn were buried in the central part (halfway between the top and bottom of the silo) of the bunkers (CCOR) in 3 sections 10 m apart. After filling, 18 net bags (9 per covering system) were buried 40 cm below the top surface of the 3 sections. These bags were placed at 3 distances from the bunker walls (0 to 50 cm, 51 to 100 cm, and 101 to 150 cm). During unloading, the bags were removed from the silos to determine the dry matter (DM) losses, fermentation end products, and nutritive value. The Milk2006 spreadsheet was used to estimate milk per tonne of DM. The model included the fixed effect of treatment (7 different locations in the bunker) and the random effect of the silo. Two contrasts were tested to compare silages in the top laterals (shoulders) with that in the CCOR (CCOR vs. OB and CCOR vs. ST). Three contrasts compared the corresponding distances of the silage covered by the 2 systems (OB50 vs. ST50, OB100 vs. ST100 and OB150 vs. ST150). Variables were analyzed with the PROC MIXED procedure of the SAS at the 5% level. The OB method produced well-fermented silages, which were similar to CCOR, whereas the OB system showed less lactic acid and greater pH and mold counts compared with CCOR. The ST method had 116.2 kg of milk/t less than the CCOR, as the OB system and the CCOR were similar (1,258.3 and 1,294.0 kg/t, respectively). Regarding the distances from the walls, the effects were more pronounced from 0 to 101 cm. The OB50 and OB100 silages had better quality and lower mold counts and DM losses than ST50 and ST100. The OB system reduced DM and nutrient losses at the shoulders in farm bunker corn silages compared with no sidewall plastic. The OB film should lap onto the crop for at least 200 cm so that 150 cm are covered outward from the wall.
Asunto(s)
Fermentación , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Valor Nutritivo , Oxígeno , Plásticos/química , Ensilaje , Zea mays , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Etanol , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/instrumentación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Láctico/análisis , Polietileno , Compuestos de ViniloRESUMEN
Gene sequences previously identified in Arabidopsis buds were used as references in order to estimate temporal and tissue expression in buds, leaves, stem, and root tissues in cotton plants. Buds were evaluated during 3 phases: 2-8, 10-12, and 14-20 mm. Primers were designed for the ARF6, ATFY, and SEUSS genes for use in semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Different levels of expression of the 3 genes were confirmed in cotton buds as well as in other tissues. The peak of gene expression was observed in buds sized 10-12 mm, after which expression decreased in larger buds. The gene GhFYPP3 was the most promising for further prospection of promoter regions, with regular expression patterns observed in bud sizes 10-12 and 14-20 mm. This trait was not observed in others genes.
Asunto(s)
Gossypium/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Valores de Referencia , Análisis Espacio-Temporal , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
A subtractive cDNA library from cotton buds was constructed to prospect for differentially expressed genes related to early bud development. A library was constructed and 768 cDNA sequences were obtained, comprising 168 clusters, with 126 contigs and 42 singlets. Both the Gossypium as well as Arabidopsis databases were utilized for the in silico analysis, since some genes identified in cotton have not yet been studied for functionality, although they have homology with genes from other species. The transcriptome revealed a large number of transcripts, some of them with unknown function, and others related to pollen development, pollen tubes, ovules, and fibers at different stages. The most populated contig was identified as fiber from 0-10 days after anthesis, with 12 reads. The success and novelty rates generated from the library were 67 and 51%, respectively. The information obtained here will provide a framework for research on functional cotton genomics.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Gossypium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Gossypium/genética , Fibra de Algodón , ADN Complementario/genética , Biblioteca de Genes , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMEN
This study evaluated th e effect of increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations on the expression of mRNA for LH receptors after in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles ( ≥ 150 μm) for 18 days. It also investigated whether the addition of luteinizing hormone (LH) to the culture medium, which contained increasing concentrations of FSH throughout the culture period, influenced the surv ival, growth and antrum formation of in vitro cultured goat preantral follicles. In experiment 1, preantral follicles were cultured in α -MEM + or α -MEM + supplemented with increasing concentrations of FSH throughout the culture period (sequential medium: FSH 100 ng/ml (days 0 to 6), FSH 500 ng/ml (days 6 to 12) and FSH 1000 ng/ml (days 12 to 18). The expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) was analyzed in noncultured and cultured follicles using real time RT-PCR. In experiment 2, isolated preantral follicles were cultured for 18 days in a sequential medium containing FSH (control) or a control medium supplemented with LH (50 or 100 ng/ml) from day 12 of culture onwards. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of antr al cavity formation as well as follicular and oocyte growth after in vitro maturation. FSH stimulated a significant increase in the expression of mRNA for LH receptors after 18 days of culture. Furthermore, after 18 days, all tested media promoted follicular survival and antrum formation; however, a significant increase in the rate of follicular growth and resumption of meiosis was ob served when LH was used compared to the control. In conclusion, preantral follicles cultured in a medium supplemented with FSH increased LH receptor mR NA levels. Moreover, the addition of LH to the culture medium containing increasing concentrations of FSH (sequential medium) improved the in vitro development of goat preantral follicles.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Folículo Ovárico/anatomía & histología , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/análisis , Hormonas/análisis , Cabras , Ganado/clasificaciónRESUMEN
This study evaluated th e effect of increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations on the expression of mRNA for LH receptors after in vitro culture of goat preantral follicles ( ≥ 150 μm) for 18 days. It also investigated whether the addition of luteinizing hormone (LH) to the culture medium, which contained increasing concentrations of FSH throughout the culture period, influenced the surv ival, growth and antrum formation of in vitro cultured goat preantral follicles. In experiment 1, preantral follicles were cultured in α -MEM + or α -MEM + supplemented with increasing concentrations of FSH throughout the culture period (sequential medium: FSH 100 ng/ml (days 0 to 6), FSH 500 ng/ml (days 6 to 12) and FSH 1000 ng/ml (days 12 to 18). The expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) was analyzed in noncultured and cultured follicles using real time RT-PCR. In experiment 2, isolated preantral follicles were cultured for 18 days in a sequential medium containing FSH (control) or a control medium supplemented with LH (50 or 100 ng/ml) from day 12 of culture onwards. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of antr al cavity formation as well as follicular and oocyte growth after in vitro maturation. FSH stimulated a significant increase in the expression of mRNA for LH receptors after 18 days of culture. Furthermore, after 18 days, all tested media promoted follicular survival and antrum formation; however, a significant increase in the rate of follicular growth and resumption of meiosis was ob served when LH was used compared to the control. In conclusion, preantral follicles cultured in a medium supplemented with FSH increased LH receptor mR NA levels. Moreover, the addition of LH to the culture medium containing increasing concentrations of FSH (sequential medium) improved the in vitro development of goat preantral follicles.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Folículo Ovárico/anatomía & histología , Hormonas/análisis , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/análisis , Ganado/clasificación , CabrasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Polymorphism of apoE is also one of the most important genetic markers for coronary artery disease (CAD). The allelic variation in the apoE gene has a significant effect on inter-individual variation of lipids and lipoprotein plasma levels as well. This study investigated whether apoE polymorphism affects the plasma levels of apoE and the possible association to CAD extent and cognitive functions. METHODS: Plasma apoE levels and apoE genotypes were evaluated of subjects with normal coronary arteries, and individuals with angiographycally confirmed mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis. The cognitive performance of the volunteers was also measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Out of the 6 expected genotypes, only 5 were detected in participants: E3/3 (56.0%), E3/4 (23.6%), E4/4 (8.2%), E2/4 (3.3%), E2/3 (8.9%). The ε3 allele (72%) was the most frequent, followed by ε4 (22%) and ε2 (6%). No difference was found in plasma levels of either apoE or in apoE genotype frequencies among the groups, however MMSE scores of CAD patients irrespective of their atheromatosis extent were significantly lower than that seen in the normal population. CONCLUSIONS: Although neither apoE plasma levels, nor apoE polymorphism in patients presenting with mild/moderate or severe atheromatosis showed to be associated with CAD severity, the presence of atheromatosis in the heart vessels positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/genética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Placa Aterosclerótica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Apolipoproteína E4/sangre , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Trastornos del Conocimiento/sangre , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , Lipoproteínas/sangre , Masculino , Escala del Estado Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangre , Placa Aterosclerótica/etiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare an ultrasonic diamond tip to a high-speed conventional diamond bur regarding the cutting effectiveness in enamel and dentin of human teeth. METHODS: Twenty permanent molars were longitudinally sectioned in the buccal-lingual plane giving 40 specimens, 20 for enamel and 20 for dentin groups. One cavity was performed in each specimen using a spherical diamond tip (83231, CVDentus(R), CVDVale, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil) coupled with an ultrasound device or a conventional spherical diamond bur (1013, KG Sorensen, São Paulo, Brazil)) coupled with a high-speed turbine. A modified measurement analysis using the Radiocef 4.0 software (Radiocef Memory) was applied to determine the width and the depth of the cavities on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at x50 magnification micrographs. The features of the cavities and the characteristics of the cutting instruments were also examined under different magnifications by SEM. RESULTS: Statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric and Dunn post hoc tests (P < or = 0.05) showed that cavities prepared in enamel and dentin with the ultrasonic diamond tip were shallower and narrower than those prepared with conventional diamond bur. The internal walls of cavities prepared in dentin by the ultrasonic diamond tip reproduced the superficial aspect of the diamond, however, scratches were observed in the internal walls of the dentin cut by high-speed conventional diamond bur. CONCLUSIONS: Both instruments were effective in enamel and dentin cutting; however, cavities prepared with a high-speed conventional diamond bur showed more invasive characteristics.
Asunto(s)
Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/instrumentación , Equipo Dental de Alta Velocidad , Instrumentos Dentales , Ultrasonido , Adolescente , Esmalte Dental/ultraestructura , Dentina/ultraestructura , Diamante , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tercer Molar/ultraestructura , Distribución Aleatoria , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The digestive system of P. interpunctella was characterized during its larval development to determination of carbohydrases using disaccharides (sucrose and maltose) and polysaccharides (starch and inulin) as substrate. At 6(th) instar larval, Invertase>alpha-amylase> maltase activities peaks were observed. Invertase was fractionated with acetone and isolated. The Invertase was 485.5 fold purified by Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sephadex. Its kinetic parameters were K(m) of 6.6 mM, V(max) of 0.48, pH optimum of 5.5 and temperature optimum of 30 degrees C. This enzyme was activated by CaCl(2) and inhibited by EDTA. When analyzed by SDS-PAGE it showed one band of M(r) 34 kDa. The understanding of the digestive system of P. interpunctella could be a key step in the design of bioinsecticides.
Asunto(s)
Mariposas Nocturnas/enzimología , beta-Fructofuranosidasa/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Fructofuranosidasa/metabolismo , Animales , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Activadores de Enzimas/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Larva/enzimología , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mariposas Nocturnas/crecimiento & desarrollo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
This study determined the size of aluminum oxide particles used in an air abrasion system that is able to remove carious dentin tissue with maximum preservation of sound structure. Thirty extracted and carious-free third molars were used in this study. The dentin sample was obtained by sectioning the middle of the crown longitudinal to the long axis of the tooth in a mesio-distal direction. One half of the crown corresponded to the sound dentin group (SD), while the other half was used to develop artificial caries, constituting the carious dentin group (CD). The specimens were air abraded for 15 seconds. The SD and CD groups were each randomly divided into three subgroups (N=10) according to the particle diameter employed (27, 50 and 125 microm). The prepared cavity was perpendicularly cut in half, and the profiles of all hemi-fragments were observed using SEM microscopy. The cavity measurements were made using a modified cephalometric analysis. The 27, 50 and 125 microm aluminum oxide particles did not present selectivity in the removal of carious dentin. However, when using the air abrasive technique for carious dentin treatment, the use of 27 and 50 microm aluminum oxide particles is recommended, due to their capacity to remove less sound tissue than the 125 microm particles.
Asunto(s)
Abrasión Dental por Aire/métodos , Óxido de Aluminio/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/terapia , Materiales Dentales/uso terapéutico , Dentina/ultraestructura , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/patología , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Materiales Dentales/química , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiología , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Tercer Molar , Odontometría , Tamaño de la Partícula , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a novel phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitor, LASSBio596, with that of dexamethasone in a murine model of chronic asthma. Lung mechanics (airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure, and static elastance), histology, and airway and lung parenchyma remodeling (quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fiber) were analyzed. Thirty-three BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups. In the asthma group (N = 9), mice were immunized with 10 microg ovalbumin (OVA, ip) on 7 alternate days, and after day 40 they were challenged with three intratracheal instillations of 20 microg OVA at 3-day intervals. Control mice (N = 8) received saline under the same protocol. In the dexamethasone (N = 8) and LASSBio596 (N = 8) groups, the animals of the asthma group were treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone disodium phosphate (0.1 mL, ip) or 10 mg/kg LASSBio596 dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 mL, ip) 24 h before the first intratracheal instillation of OVA, for 8 days. Airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure and static elastance increased significantly in the asthma group (77, 56, and 76%, respectively) compared to the control group. The asthma group presented more intense alveolar collapse, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration than the control group. Both LASSBio596 and dexamethasone inhibited the changes in lung mechanics, tissue cellularity, bronchoconstriction, as well as airway and lung parenchyma remodeling. In conclusion, LASSBio596 at a dose of 10 mg/kg effectively prevented lung mechanical and morphometrical changes and had the potential to block fibroproliferation in a BALB/c mouse model of asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/farmacología , Ftalimidas/farmacología , Mecánica Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Asma/patología , Enfermedad Crónica , Dexametasona/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ácidos Ftálicos , Distribución Aleatoria , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , SulfonamidasRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a novel phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitor, LASSBio596, with that of dexamethasone in a murine model of chronic asthma. Lung mechanics (airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure, and static elastance), histology, and airway and lung parenchyma remodeling (quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fiber) were analyzed. Thirty-three BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups. In the asthma group (N = 9), mice were immunized with 10 æg ovalbumin (OVA, ip) on 7 alternate days, and after day 40 they were challenged with three intratracheal instillations of 20 æg OVA at 3-day intervals. Control mice (N = 8) received saline under the same protocol. In the dexamethasone (N = 8) and LASSBio596 (N = 8) groups, the animals of the asthma group were treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone disodium phosphate (0.1 mL, ip) or 10 mg/kg LASSBio596 dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 mL, ip) 24 h before the first intratracheal instillation of OVA, for 8 days. Airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure and static elastance increased significantly in the asthma group (77, 56, and 76 percent, respectively) compared to the control group. The asthma group presented more intense alveolar collapse, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration than the control group. Both LASSBio596 and dexamethasone inhibited the changes in lung mechanics, tissue cellularity, bronchoconstriction, as well as airway and lung parenchyma remodeling. In conclusion, LASSBio596 at a dose of 10 mg/kg effectively prevented lung mechanical and morphometrical changes and had the potential to block fibroproliferation in a BALB/c mouse model of asthma.