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BACKGROUND: Middle ear active implants, such as the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB), offer an alternative to reconstructive surgery and other implantable hearing aid systems for patients with conductive, mixed, or sensorineural hearing loss. The primary objective of this work is to describe the auditory results obtained with VSB in our patient cohort, measuring the auditory gain in terms of average tonal thresholds and spoken word discrimination at 65 dB. Secondly, auditory gain differences between different types of hearing loss, coupling to the ossicular chain compared to round and oval windows, and the impact of open versus more conservative surgical approaches, were analyzed. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study, with retrospective data collection, was conducted at a tertiary care center. Clinical and audiometric data pre- and post-implantation were included, from patients who underwent VSB device placement surgery between 2001 and 2024. RESULTS: 55 patients with an average age of 62.58 ± 17.83 years and a slight preference in terms of the female gender (52.72%) were included in the study. The average gain in the PTA for all types of hearing loss was 41.56 ± 22.63 dB, while for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) the gain was 31.04 ± 8.80 dB. For mixed-conductive hearing loss (C-MHL) a gain of 42.96 ± 17.70 was achieved, notably, in terms of absolute values, at frequencies of 4000 and 6000 Hz, with gains reaching 49.25 ± 20.26 dB at 4 K and 51.16 ± 17.48 dB at 6 K. In terms of spoken word discrimination, for all types of hearing loss, an improvement of 75.20 ± 10.11% was achieved. However, patients with C-MHL exhibited an approximately 13% higher gain compared to those with SNHL (69.32 ± 24.58% vs. 57.79 ± 15.28%). No significant differences in auditory gain were found between open and closed surgical techniques, nor in the proportion of adverse effects, when comparing one technique with the other. CONCLUSIONS: The VSB is effective in improving hearing in patients with mixed, conductive, and sensorineural hearing loss, with significant gains at high frequencies, especially through the round window membrane approach. The choice of surgical technique should consider the patient's anatomical characteristics and specific needs in order to optimize auditory outcomes and minimize postoperative complications.

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The present review highlights the potential of insect-based proteins to address the growing need for sustainable and secure food systems. The key findings suggest that edible insects offer a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional livestock, requiring significantly less land, water, and feed while emitting lower levels of greenhouse gases. Insect farming can also reduce waste and recycle nutrients, supporting circular economy models. Nutritionally, insects provide high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and beneficial fats, making them valuable to human diets. Despite these benefits, this review emphasizes the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks to ensure food safety, manage potential allergenicity, and mitigate contamination risks from pathogens and environmental toxins. Additionally, developing innovative processing technologies can enhance the palatability and marketability of insect-based products, promoting consumer acceptance. This review concludes that with appropriate regulatory support and technological advancements, insect-based proteins have the potential to significantly contribute to global food security and sustainability efforts.

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BACKGROUND: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a complex communication disorder that affects the cochlea and central auditory pathway. The goal of this study is to characterize this type of hearing loss and to identify non-invasive, inexpensive, and quick tests to detect ARHL among elderly adults, seeking to preserve quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. METHODS: An observational, prospective study is conducted with >55-year-old subjects divided into the following groups: normal range (Group A), detected but not treated (Group B), and detected and treated (Group C). During follow-up, Speech Spatial Qualities (SSQ12), and Hearing Handicap Inventory in the Elderly Screening test (HHIE-S) questionnaires were assessed, along with hearing levels (hearing thresholds at 4 kHz were studied in more depth), and a series of tests and questionnaires to assess balance, cognitive level, level of dependence, and depression. RESULTS: A total of 710 patients were included in this study. The duration of hearing loss (11.8 yr. in Group B and 21.0 yr. in Group C) and average time-to-treatment for Group C (14.1 yr.) are both protracted. Both of the used questionnaires show statistically significant differences among the groups, revealing greater handicaps for Group C. Audiometry performed at 4 kHz shows how hearing loss progresses with age, finding differences between men and women. There is a correlation between time-to-treatment in Group C and the cognitive test DSST (-0.26; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: HHIE-S, SSQ12, and 4 kHz audiometry are sensitive and feasible tests to implement in screening programs.

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INTRODUCTION: It is extremely important to assess speech perception skills in children with hearing loss, since these skills are essential to guide the rehabilitation process. OBJECTIVE: Update and validate the Early Speech Perception test in Spanish in normal-hearing children. METHOD: Different drawings were selected from children's books used daily in the work of teachers and speech therapists. 69 children aged between 3 and 8 years old participated in the study, divided into 6 groups by age (group 1, 3 years of age (n = 13); group 2, 4 years of age (n = 15); group 3, 5 years of age (n = 12); group 4, 6 years of age (n = 8); group 5, 7 years of age (n = 10); group 6, 8 years of age (n = 11)). For each category of the test, the children had to name and point to the corresponding drawing. RESULTS: The difference between age and gender groups was statistically evaluated. For the naming phase, a significant difference was observed between groups 1 and group 5; and between group 1 and group 6. For the pointing phase there was no difference between the groups, and in all groups, there was a score greater than 98%. In relation to gender, there was no difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the material developed to assess auditory reception in normal-hearing children from 3 to 8 years old is appropriate.

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INTRODUCTION: Active aging emphasizes optimizing health and participation for a better quality of life as people age. This paper explores the significant impact of hearing loss and balance disorders on the elderly. Age-related hearing loss is thought to contribute to communication breakdown and cognitive dysfunctions. The "hearing and balance in healthy aging" project focuses on early detection, mitigation, and advocacy. Objectives include exploring epidemiological traits, evaluating overall well-being impact, proving positive intervention effects, and advocating societal care for the elderly with hearing loss and balance disorders, aiming to reduce their broader impact on cognition, independence, and sociability. METHODS: This study is observational, prospective study. Subjects over 55 years old with a follow-up every year or every 2 years were divided into three groups, according to their hearing and balance: within the normal range (group A), detected and not treated (group B), and detected and treated (group C). At each visit, they underwent a series of tests or questionnaires, evaluating different areas: hearing, balance, cognition, depression, dependence, tinnitus, loneliness, health. RESULTS: A total of 710 patients were included in the study. The distribution of patients was as follows: group A - 210 patients, group B - 302 patients, and group C - 198 patients. Significant differences were found between the three groups related to age, sex, educational level, bilingualism, and work activity. In group C, there was a higher percentage of males, older than in groups A and B, and the percentage of individuals with a university education was lower (28%), as was the rate of bilingualism (23%). In terms of hearing, significant differences were found in the three groups in the mean PTA, speech discrimination in quiet, and the HINT test, with worse results for group C. Only patients in group C presented a perception of hearing impairment, and the handicap caused by hearing impairment worsened from group A to C. Concerning balance, both tests performed (TuGT and DHI) revealed increased difficulty in maintaining autonomous walking from group A to C, which, again, exhibited the worst results, with statistically significant differences across the group. Analysis about cognition revealed significant differences in DSST questionnaires and in TMT scores, where group C had the worst scores. In HUI3 questionnaire scores, the differences between each and every group were statistically significant, with group C showing moderate disability. CONCLUSION: This extensive analysis, encompassing a considerable number of subjects, reveals significant findings that have important implications for the early prevention of hearing loss and its consequent consequences. At the same time, these data represent an initial exploration, which raises the need for in-depth examinations of additional factors and longer follow-up to continue contributing insights and knowledge for a healthy aging.

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This study explores the influence of hydrocolloid interactions between Guar Gum (GG) and Xanthan Gum (XG) on the stability and release dynamics of essential thyme oil emulsions. We systematically characterized six emulsions with varying GG and XG ratios, employing spray-drying techniques for the encapsulation process. The stability of the emulsions was quantitatively analyzed, revealing a marked decrease in stability rates correlated with higher initial emulsion activity (zero-order kinetic constant r = -0.972). Furthermore, this study demonstrated that emulsions with carefully optimized hydrocolloid ratios could achieve high encapsulation efficiency (74%) and controlled release profiles. Kinetic modeling and diffusion analyses elucidated that increased XG concentrations tend to reduce diffusivity, thereby enhancing emulsion stability. The effective diffusivity of the thyme oil within the emulsion matrix was determined to be within a range of 0.7 to 2.4 × 10-10 m2/s, significantly influencing release kinetics. The Pearson correlation matrix underlined a substantial negative association between emulsion activity and effective diffusivity (r = -0.740), indicating that denser hydrocolloid networks impede oil mobility. The findings conclusively establish that the interplay of GG and XG concentrations is pivotal in dictating the emulsion's physicochemical properties, with denser networks formed by higher XG content leading to slower oil release rates and enhanced stability. This research provides critical insights for the design of encapsulated food and pharmaceutical products, highlighting the imperative of strategic hydrocolloid selection to realize specific functional attributes and performance criteria.

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INTRODUCTION: Bone conduction implants have been indicated for patients with conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, and even profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. With the introduction of Bonebridge®, new transcutaneous implant options emerged. The latest is Osia®, a direct-drive variant or active systems where the implant directly generates and applies vibration to the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of two cohorts of patients treated with active bone conduction implants at a single center, one with the Bonebridge® device and the other with Osia®. OUTCOMES: Fourteen patients were included, seven in each group (n=14). The Bonebridge® group showed an average hearing gain in tonal intelligibility thresholds of 32.43±21.39 dB and a gain in the average intelligibility threshold (with 50% discrimination) of 26.29±19.10 dB. In the Osia® group, there was a gain in average tonal thresholds of 41.49±14.16 dB and 23.72±6.98 dB in average intelligibility thresholds. Both devices contributed to improvements in patients' quality of life, as assessed with APHAB in all the variables studied in the test. Both devices offer rehabilitation for hearing loss as an alternative to hearing aids. The Osia® system shows statistically significant(p<0.05) improvements in mid and high frequencies, but Bonebridge® slightly outperforms in speech understanding at 50%. Differences in average tonal thresholds and quality of life are not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: While auditory improvement is observed post-implantation, other aspects, such as intelligibility thresholds and quality of life, lack statistical significance. Given the limited experience with Osia® and the small sample size, the choice of the device should be personalized. Although the literature is inconsistent due to small sample sizes and variable approaches, some studies suggest potential advantages of the Osia® system, especially in speech comprehension in different environments and greater hearing gain compared to Bonebridge®.

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Bioactive compounds derived from secondary metabolism in animals have refined selectivity and potency for certain biological targets. The superfamily Dendrobatoidea is adapted to the dietary sequestration and secretion of toxic alkaloids, which play a role in several biological activities, and thus serve as a potential source for pharmacological and biotechnological applications. This article constitutes a scoping review to understand the trends in experimental research involving bioactive alkaloids derived from Dendrobatoidea based upon scientometric approaches. Forty-eight (48) publications were found in 30 journals in the period of 60 years, between 1962 and 2022. More than 23 structural classes of alkaloids were cited, with 27.63% for batrachotoxins, 13.64% for pyridinics, with an emphasis on epibatidine, 16.36% for pumiliotoxins, and 11.82% for histrionicotoxins. These tests included in vivo (54.9%), in vitro (39.4%), and in silico simulations (5.6%). Most compounds (54.8%) were isolated from skin extracts, whereas the remainder were obtained through molecular synthesis. Thirteen main biological activities were identified, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (27.59%), sodium channel inhibitors (12.07%), cardiac (12.07%), analgesic (8.62%), and neuromuscular effects (8.62%). The substances were cited as being of natural origin in the "Dendrobatidae" family, genus "Phyllobates," "Dendrobates," and seven species: Epipedobates tricolor, Phyllobates aurotaenia, Oophaga histrionica, Oophaga pumilio, Phyllobates terribilis, Epipedobates anthonyi, and Ameerega flavopicta. To date, only a few biological activities have been experimentally tested; hence, further studies on the bioprospecting of animal compounds and ecological approaches are needed.

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RESUMO Objetivo analisar a percepção de estudantes de enfermagem sobre sua formação profissional para atenção à saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+. Métodos estudo qualitativo, realizado com 19 estudantes de enfermagem por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram processados e trabalhados por meio de análise lexical com utilização do software IRaMuTeQ®. Resultados o corpus textual deu origem a duas categorias: formação profissional de enfermagem sobre saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+ (subdividida em: espaços curriculares que abordam a saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+ e Déficits formativos para atenção à saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+) e Espaços extracurriculares de formação profissional sobre saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+ (subdividida em: aprendizagem informal e extracurricular sobre saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+ e Contexto do trabalho e a autonomia na aprendizagem sobre saúde LGBTQIA+). Conclusão a abordagem da saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+ na formação de enfermeiros(as) necessita expandir para além de aulas pontuais, o que demanda a criação de espaços dentro das matrizes curriculares que abordem as especificidades requeridas por essa população, sem, no entanto, relega-las às atividades extracurriculares. Contribuições para a prática: problematização da formação de enfermeiros(as) para a atenção à saúde de pessoas LGBTQIA+.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze nursing students' perceptions about their professional training for health care of LGBTQIA+ people. Methods qualitative study, conducted with 19 nursing students through semi-structured interviews. Data were processed and worked through lexical analysis using IRaMuTeQ®software. Results the textual corpus gave rise to two categories: professional nursing training on health of LGBTQIA+ people (subdivided into: curricular spaces addressing health of LGBTQIA+ people and Formative deficits for health care of LGBTQIA+ people) and Extracurricular spaces of professional training on health of LGBTQIA+ people (subdivided into: informal and extracurricular learning on health of LGBTQIA+ people and Work context and autonomy in learning about LGBTQIA+ health). Conclusion addressing the health of LGBTQIA+ people in the training of nurses needs to expand beyond specific classes, which demands the creation of spaces within the curricular matrices that address the specificities required by this population, without, however, relegating them to extracurricular activities. Contributions to practice problematization of the training of nurses for the health care of LGBTQIA+ people.

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Biopolishing is a textile process that uses cellulases to improve the pilling resistance of fabrics. Although the process improves the pilling resistance, softness and color brightness of fabrics, it causes a significant loss of tensile strength in treated fabrics. The present work studied the use of cellulase immobilized on kaolin by adsorption and covalent bonding in biopolishing to get around this problem. The cellulase immobilization has been reported as promising alternative to overcome the inconvenient of biopolishing, but it has been very poorly explored. The results showed that cellulase immobilized by both covalent bonding and adsorption methods provided to the knitted fabric similar or superior pilling resistance to free cellulase, but with greater tensile strength. Immobilization also allowed for efficient recovery and reuse of the enzyme. The present work is a relevant contribution to the literature, since, as far as we know, it is the first work that shows it is possible to minimize the loss of tensile strength and also reuse the immobilized enzyme, giving a better-quality product and also contribution to reducing the cost of the polishing step.

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In the current research, endoglucanase, one of the enzymes of the cellulolytic complex, was immobilized on kaolin by two different techniques, adsorption, and covalent bonding. A comparative study was conducted between free, adsorbed, and covalently immobilized endoglucanase. For the covalent bonding, the kaolin particles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and activated with glutaraldehyde. Immobilization by adsorption was performed using the kaolin without any treatment. Recovered activities after the endoglucanase immobilization by adsorption and covalent bonding were found to be 60 ± 2.5 and 65 ± 3.5%, respectively. The studies of optima pH and temperature, as well as thermal stability, showed that the catalytic characteristic of the enzyme was maintained after the immobilization by both adsorption and covalent bonding. Even after 8 cycles of use, the endoglucanase immobilized by the two techniques retained about 86% of its initial activity. The results showed that the adsorption was as effective as covalent bonding for the immobilization of endoglucanase on kaolin. However, the adsorption technique seems to have a greater potential for use in future studies, as it is simpler, cheaper, and faster than covalent immobilization. Therefore, in this work it was demonstrated that endoglucanases can be immobilized efficiently on kaolin through a very simple immobilization protocol, offering a promising strategy for performing repeated enzymatic hydrolysis reactions.

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Resumo Objetivo compreender a experiência de mães de crianças traqueostomizadas, entre 0 e 24 meses de idade, que retomaram o aleitamento materno com o uso de válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir®. Método pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa, com 11 mães de crianças traqueostomizadas que adaptaram a válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir®, acompanhadas em um centro de reabilitação e fonoaudiologia, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, nos meses de junho a agosto de 2017. A análise foi fundamentada nos pressupostos da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados na experiência das mães, após a traqueostomia da criança, o uso da válvula de deglutição Passy-Muir® minimizou as dificuldades no aleitamento materno. Superado o processo de adaptação da válvula, foram percebidos seus benefícios. São descritos os sentimentos das mães nesse processo, suas expectativas quanto ao uso do dispositivo e o prazer e plenitude para a mulher no retorno do aleitamento materno. Conclusões e implicações para a prática observaram-se segurança ao aleitar, menor produção de secreção, reduções no número de aspirações de vias áreas, melhora no padrão respiratório, vocalizações (balbucios e choro), melhora na qualidade do sono da criança. Novas pesquisas que abordem o aleitamento materno de crianças traqueostomizadas são necessárias para aprofundar conhecimentos nesta área.

Resumen Objetivo comprender la experiencia de las madres de niños traqueostomizados, entre 0 y 24 meses de edad, que reanudaron la lactancia materna con el uso de la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir®. Método estudio descriptivo, de carácter cualitativo, en el que participaron 11 madres de niños traqueostomizados, mediante seguimiento en un centro de rehabilitación y logopedia, que adaptó la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir®, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, de junio a agosto de 2017. El análisis se basó en los presupuestos del análisis de contenido temático. Resultados en la experiencia de las madres, después de la traqueotomía del niño, el uso de la válvula de deglución Passy-Muir® minimizó las dificultades en la lactancia. Una vez superado el proceso de adaptación de la válvula, se hicieron realidad sus beneficios. Se describen los sentimientos de las madres en el proceso de adaptación de la válvula, sus expectativas con el uso de la válvula y el placer y plenitud para la mujer en el regreso de la lactancia. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Se observó seguridad durante la lactancia, reducción de la producción de secreciones, reducciones diarias en el número de aspiraciones de las vías aéreas, advirtiéndose mejoras en el patrón respiratorio, vocalizaciones (balbuceo y llanto) y en la calidad del sueño del niño. Es necesita más investigación que aborde la lactancia materna de niños traqueostomizados, solidificando los conocimientos en esta área.

Abstract Objective To understand the experience of mothers of tracheostomized children between 0 and 24 months old, who resumed breastfeeding with the use of the Passy-Muir® deglutition valve. Method A descriptive study with a qualitative approach and semistructured interviews conducted from June to August 2017 in which the participants were 11 mothers of tracheostomized children, by follow-up in a rehabilitation and logopedia center, which adapted the Passy-Muir® deglutition valve. The analysis was based on the assumptions of thematic content analysis. Results the mothers' experience, after the child's tracheostomy, the use of the Passy-Muir® swallowing valve minimized the difficulties in breastfeeding. Once the valve adaptation process was overcome, its benefits were realized. The mothers' feelings in the process of adapting the valve are described, their expectations with the use of the valve and pleasure and fullness for the woman in the return of breastfeeding. Conclusions and implications for practice Safety during breastfeeding, reduction in the production of secretions, and reductions in the number of airway aspirations were observed, noticing improvements in the respiratory pattern, in the vocalizations (mumbling and crying), and in the child's sleep quality. Further research is needed to address breastfeeding of tracheostomized children to deepen knowledge in this area.

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This is a report on an outbreak of cattle poisoning by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum (Benth.) Scalon in the state of Goiás in Brazil. In a herd of 80 cattle that consumed the mature fruit of this plant that was present in their pasture, 12 animals fell ill and died. The clinical signs that they presented were apathy, progressive weight loss, reeling, bristling, and dry stools containing seeds. The main necropsy findings were jaundice, an increased lobular pattern and orange coloration in their liver, enlarged kidneys with yellowish medullae, and pre-stomachs containing fruit peels and seeds. A histopathological examination revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in the liver and kidneys and vacuolar degeneration in the rumen, omasum, reticulum, and intestine. The diagnosis of poisoning by S. rotundifolium var. villosum was based on epidemiological data, clinical findings, and pathological changes. Our results can aid in the differentiation between poisoning by S. rotundifolium var. villosum and poisoning by other toxic plants that are of interest to lifestock.(AU)

Relata-se um surto de intoxicação em bovinos por Stryphnodendron rotundifolium var. villosum (Benth.) Scalon no estado de Goiás, Brasil. De um rebanho composto por 80 bovinos, os quais consumiram frutos maduros da planta presente na pastagem, 12 animais adoeceram e morreram. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram apatia, emagrecimento progressivo, andar cambaleante, pelo eriçado e fezes secas contendo sementes. Os principais achados de necropsia foram icterícia, fígado com padrão lobular e coloração alaranjada, rins aumentados e com amarelamento da medular e pré-estômagos com presença de cascas e sementes do fruto. Ao exame histopatológico, notou-se degeneração vacuolar e necrose no fígado e rins e degeneração vacuolar no rúmen, omaso, retículo e intestino. O diagnóstico da intoxicação por S. rotundifolium var. villosum baseou-se nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados clínicos e nas alterações patológicas. Nossos resultados podem auxiliar na diferenciação entre a intoxicação por S. rotundifolium var. villosum e a intoxicação por outras plantas tóxicas de interesse pecuário.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by a parasite endemic to large areas of tropical and subtropical countries, is a growing public health problem. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated with extracts isolated from Annona mucosa. RESULTS: Treated groups had significantly reduced footpad swelling. The group treated intraperitoneally with hexane extract showed footpad swelling similar to groups treated with Pentamidine® and Glucantime®. Groups treated with dichloromethane extract and hexane extract presented the recovering phenotype associated with reduced parasite levels. CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of A. mucosa are promising sources of novel antileishmanial compounds.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by a parasite endemic to large areas of tropical and subtropical countries, is a growing public health problem. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania amazonensis and treated with extracts isolated from Annona mucosa. RESULTS: Treated groups had significantly reduced footpad swelling. The group treated intraperitoneally with hexane extract showed footpad swelling similar to groups treated with Pentamidine® and Glucantime®. Groups treated with dichloromethane extract and hexane extract presented the recovering phenotype associated with reduced parasite levels. CONCLUSIONS: Extracts of A. mucosa are promising sources of novel antileishmanial compounds.

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Abstract Objectives: to identify the prevalence and to analyze the factors associated with low birth weight in a subnormal urban cluster in Pernambuco under Family Health Strategy's care. Methods: a cross-sectional study with a census sample carried out between July and October in 2015. The variables studied were age and years of maternal schooling, social status, housing, water supply, waste disposal, prenatal care, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking during pregnancy, along with gender, birth weight and prematurity. Stata 12.1 was utilized in order to understand the factors associated with low birth weight through uni-and-multivariate Poisson analysis, adjusted and gross prevalence ratios, composing a final statistical model considering p value <0.05 for statistical significance. Results: regarding the 294 children the LBW prevalence was 12.2% (CI95% = 8.7-16.5). Children whose mothers reported drinking during pregnancy were 2.78 times more at risk of being born with low birth weight (p<0.001) when compared with children whose mothers did not report this practice in gestation. Conclusions: the study evidenced the relevance maternal habits bears in the newborns' health.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e analisar os fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer em um aglomerado urbano subnormal em Pernambuco assistido pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos: estudo transversal, com amostra censitária, realizado entre julho e outubro de 2015. As variáveis estudadas foram idade e anos de estudo maternos, classe social, moradia, abastecimento de água, destino dos dejetos, pré-natal, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e uso de cigarro na gestação, sexo da criança, peso ao nascer e prematuridade. Utilizou-se o Stata 12.1 para analisar os fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer através das análises uni e multivariada de Poisson, razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas compondo um modelo estatístico final e considerando para fins de significação estatística o valor p<0,05. Resultados: das 294 crianças, a prevalência de BPN foi de 12,2% (IC95%= 8,7-16,5). As crianças cujas mães referiram o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante a gestação tinham o risco de nascer com baixo peso de 2,78 vezes maior (p<0,001) quando comparadas às crianças cujas mães não referiram essa prática na gestação. Conclusões: o estudo evidenciou a relevância dos hábitos maternos na saúde do recém-nascido.

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Endoglucanases are an enzyme of cellulases complex that has a great potential for many technological applications. One of the issues of its use concerns the recovery and reuse of this enzyme. Thus, in this study, the use of a surface-modified kaolin was evaluated to immobilize endoglucanase and evaluate the enzyme activity for its reuse. Kaolin was surface modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). In addition, the properties of the immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared with those of the free enzyme. Results showed that the optimal pH value of endoglucanase was not affected by the immobilization process but showed a broader range of optimal temperature compared to free enzyme. Immobilization on kaolin allowed fast and easy cellulase recovery with a loss of enzyme activity of only 20% after eight cycles of use. These results indicate that kaolin is a promising substitute to the currently synthetic supports studied for cellulases immobilization with the advantage of being abundant in nature, resistant to microbial attack, chemically and mechanically stable.

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Objetivos: identificar práticas de humanização na Atenção Básica. Método: revisão sistemática, partindo das seguintes fontes de informação: PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, utilizando-se a palavra-chave primary health care, associada separadamente às seguintes palavras-chave: humanization of assistance (humanização), holistc care/health (cuidado/saúde holístico), patient centred care, user embracement (acolhimento), personal autonomy, holism, attitude of health personnel (atitude dos profissionais). Método: Revisão sistemática qualitativa. Resultados: foram incluídos 17 estudos identificados entre 2012 e 2018.

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PURPOSE: Verify the performance of musical perception and temporal auditory resolution and ordering skills in pre- and post-music therapy patients with cochlear implants (CI). METHODS: Study participants were 11 postlingual CI users with mean age of 47.64 years. All individuals underwent 10 weekly music therapy sessions. Auditory assessment was conducted using the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) and the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT). All participants were submitted to a placebo condition prior to music therapy and were evaluated at three different times. RESULTS: Significant improvement was observed in the subtests of contour and melody memory after music therapy. No placebo effect or difference in the FPT was observed after music therapy. CONCLUSION: Music therapy is a useful tool to improve musical skills in adult postlingual users of CI.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o desempenho das habilidades de percepção musical e das habilidades auditivas temporais de resolução e ordenação pré e pós-musicoterapia em pacientes pós-linguais usuários de implante coclear. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 11 indivíduos (média de idade: 47,64 anos) pós-linguais implantados, que foram submetidos a 10 sessões de musicoterapia, sendo uma por semana. Para a avaliação auditiva, foram utilizados o teste Montreal Battery Evaluation of Amusia e o teste de padrão de frequência (TPF). Todos os participantes passaram por um momento placebo antes da musicoterapia e foram avaliados em três momentos distintos. RESULTADOS: Foi observada melhora significativa nos subtestes das habilidades musicais de contorno e melodia após musicoterapia. Não foi observado efeito placebo e nem diferença do TPF após a musicoterapia. CONCLUSÃO: A musicoterapia foi uma ferramenta útil para melhorar as habilidades auditivas musicais em indivíduos adultos pós-linguais usuários de IC.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients. METHODS: A prospective study based on convenience sampling of subjects recruited from a pool of confirmed HIV-positive individuals seen at a specialty outpatient service in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil). Oral swabs were collected from 197 patients. Candida species were identified by standard microbiological techniques (phenotypic and molecular methods). Antifungal susceptibility was investigated using the broth microdilution method. RESULTS: A total of 101 (51.3%) patients were Candida spp carriers. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (80%). Patients aged 45 to 59 years (Prevalence ratios: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.57-6.31) and 60 years or older (Prevalence ratios: 4.43; 95%CI: 1.57-34.18) were at higher risk of oral colonization by Candida species. Resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, or to itraconazole, corresponded to 1% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age (45 years or older) was the only factor associated with oral colonization by Candida . Low rates of antifungal resistance to azoles were detected in yeast isolates obtained from HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study may contribute to proper therapeutic selection for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.

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