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Both cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases pose a significant challenge to global public health, particularly among older adults. Here, we investigated the interplay between systemic inflammatory status and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) in older men with adequate weight or obesity. In this observational cross-sectional study, older men (71.79 ± 7.35 years) were separated into groups with normal weight (NW, n = 34) and obesity (O, n = 32) to assess circulating levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and CMI. Overall, the O group showed not only a higher inflammatory status but also increased CMI (p < 0.0001) compared with the NW group. Interestingly, only positive correlations were found between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both groups. Through multivariate regression analysis, IL-6 (ß = -0.2276, p = 0.0003) and IL-10 (ß = 0.2023, p = 0.0030) significantly influenced CMI in the NW group. No significant results were found in the O group. Our findings reinforce the effects of obesity in inflammaging, as well as suggesting that the influence of cytokines in CMI occurs in older men with normal weight, since the elevated pro-inflammatory profile observed in older men with obesity can interfere in this effect.

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BACKGROUND: To verify whether shorter telomere length is associated with anorexia of ageing in community-dwelling older people. METHODS: Conducted as a cross-sectional investigation, the study enrolled 448 participants residing in an urban area of a municipality in Brazil. Relative telomere length in blood samples was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas the presence of anorexia of ageing was determined using the Simplified Appetite Nutritional Questionnaire. Data analysis employed multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 448 older individuals surveyed, 70.69% were female, and the predominant age bracket ranged from 60 to 69 years (45.08%). Approximately 25% exhibited the shortest telomeric length, with a corresponding anorexia of ageing prevalence of 41.16%. Older individuals with diminished telomere lengths displayed an increased likelihood of experiencing anorexia of ageing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.29), independent of factors such as gender, age group, depressive symptoms, pain and performance in basic daily life activities. CONCLUSIONS: The observed association between anorexia of ageing and a telomeric biomarker underscores the imperative to meticulously evaluate the nutritional dimensions of older people, with a view to implementing interventions that may enhance their overall health status.

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Apesar de predominante no ambiente de trabalho, a Síndrome de Burnout (SB) torna-se cada vez mais frequente no ambiente universitário. Com objetivo de verificar a prevalência da SB entre acadêmicos e correlacionar essa variável com aspectos sociodemográficos e de saúde, esse estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra composta por 72 participantes. O protocolo de avaliação foi composto por um questionário sociodemográfico, avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout, de sintomas depressivos, saúde geral, aspectos sociais e sintomas osteomusculares. A correlação de Spearman foi utilizada para análise estatística. Houve predomínio da SB entre a amostra (65,2%). Observou-se correlações significativas entre aspectos sociais e descrença (p=0.016; r=-0.283), eficácia estudantil (p=<0.001; r=-0.399) e sintomas depressivos (p=<0.001; r=-0.547), bem como entre a saúde geral e sintomas depressivos (p=0.012; r=-0.295). Estabelecer esse tipo de medida permite planejar ações voltadas à assistência estudantil, priorizando intervenções e práticas preventivas que colaborem com a promoção da saúde no ambiente universitário.

Despite being predominant in the workplace, Burnout Syndrome (BS) is becoming more and more frequent in the university environment. With the objective of verifying the prevalence of BS among students and correlating this variable with sociodemographic and health aspects, this cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 72 participants. The evaluation protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, evaluation of Burnout Syndrome, depressive symptoms, general health, social aspects, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Spearman's correlation was used for statistical analysis. There was a predominance of BS among the sample (65.2%). Significant correlations were observed between social aspects and disbelief (p=0.016; r=-0.283), student efficacy (p=<0.001; r=-0.399) and depressive symptoms (p=<0.001; r=-0.547), as well as between general health and depressive symptoms (p=0.012; r=-0.295). Establishing this type of measure allows planning actions aimed at student assistance, prioritizing interventions and preventive practices that collaborate with health promotion in the university environment.

A pesar de ser prevalente en el ámbito laboral, el Síndrome de Burnout (SB) es cada vez más frecuente en el ámbito universitario. Con el objetivo de verificar la prevalencia de SB entre los estudiantes y correlacionar esta variable con aspectos sociodemográficos y de salud, este estudio transversal se realizó con una muestra de 72 participantes. El protocolo de evaluación consistió en un cuestionario sociodemográfico, evaluación del Síndrome de Burnout, síntomas depresivos, salud general, aspectos sociales y síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la correlación de Spearman. Hubo predominio de SB en la muestra (65,2%). Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre los aspectos sociales y la incredulidad (p=0.016; r=-0.283), la eficacia acadêmica (p=<0.001; r=-0.399) y síntomas depresivos (p=<0.001; r=-0.547), así como entre la salud general y los síntomas depresivos (p=0.012; r=-0.295). Establecer este tipo de medidas permite planificar acciones dirigidas a la asistencia estudiantil, priorizar intervenciones y prácticas que colaboren con la promoción de la salud en el ámbito universitario.

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Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those on dialysis or who have received a kidney transplant (KT), are considered more vulnerable to severe COVID-19. This susceptibility is attributed to advanced age, a higher frequency of comorbidities, and the chronic immunosuppressed state, which may exacerbate their susceptibility to severe outcomes. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in KT patients with those on chronic dialysis and non-CKD patients in a propensity score-matched cohort study. This multicentric retrospective cohort included adult COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed patients admitted from March/2020 to July/2022, from 43 Brazilian hospitals. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Propensity score analysis matched KT recipients with controls - patients on chronic dialysis and those without CKD (within 0.25 standard deviations of the logit of the propensity score) - according to age, sex, number of comorbidities, and admission year. This study included 555 patients: 163 KT, 146 on chronic dialysis, and 249 non-CKD patients (median age 57 years, 55.2% women). With regards to clinical outcomes, chronic dialysis patients had a higher prevalence of acute heart failure, compared to KT recipients, furthermore, both groups presented high in-hospital mortality, 34.0 and 28.1%, for KT and chronic dialysis patients, respectively. When comparing KT and non-CKD patients, the first group had a higher incidence of in-hospital dialysis (26.4% vs. 8.8%, p < 0.001), septic shock (24.1% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.002), and mortality (32.5% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.039), in addition to longer time spent in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, chronic dialysis patients presented a higher prevalence of acute heart failure, compared to KT recipients, whereas KT patients had a higher frequency of complications than those without CKD, including septic shock, dialysis during hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality as well as longer time spent in the ICU.

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Introduction: Sulforaphane can induce the transcription factor, Nrf2, promoting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. In this study, hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were treated with stabilised synthetic sulforaphane (SFX-01) to evaluate impact on clinical status and inflammation. Methods: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of SFX-01 (300 mg oral capsule, once daily for 14 days) conducted in Dundee, UK, between November 2020 and May 2021. Patients had radiologically confirmed CAP and CURB-65 (confusion, urea >7 mmol·L-1, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths·min-1, blood pressure <90 mmHg (systolic) or ≤60 mmHg (diastolic), age ≥65 years) score ≥1. The primary outcome was the seven-point World Health Organization clinical status scale at day 15. Secondary outcomes included time to clinical improvement, length of stay and mortality. Effects on Nrf2 activity and inflammation were evaluated on days 1, 8 and 15 by measurement of 45 serum cytokines and mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes. Results: The trial was terminated prematurely due to futility with 133 patients enrolled. 65 patients were randomised to SFX-01 treatment and 68 patients to placebo. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was the cause of CAP in 103 (77%) cases. SFX-01 treatment did not improve clinical status at day 15 (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.41-1.83; p=0.71), time to clinical improvement (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.02, 95% CI 0.70-1.49), length of stay (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.56-1.26) or 28-day mortality (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 0.67-3.16). The expression of Nrf2 targets and pro-inflammatory genes, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß and tumour necrosis factor-α, was not significantly changed by SFX-01 treatment. At days 8 and 15, respectively, 310 and 42 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between groups (false discovery rate adjusted p<0.05, log2FC >1). Conclusion: SFX-01 treatment did not improve clinical status or modulate key Nrf2 targets in patients with CAP primarily due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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ß-D-glucan has significant implications in regulating lipid metabolism and preventing diseases associated with lipid accumulation. Schizophyllan (SPG) from Schizophyllum commune fungus is a commercially important ß-glucan with applications in the health food industry, pharmacy, and cosmetics. However, SPG was obtained by submerged culture of the wood-rotting and filamentous fungus S. commune BRM 060008, which may have been isolated from the Cerrado Biome of Brazil. In this study, to confirm that the polysaccharide produced by BRM 060008 strain fermentation was indeed (1→3)(1→6)-ß-D-glucan, it was purified and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and methylation analysis. The polysaccharide produced was identified as the ß-D-glucan expected with a high molecular weight (1.093 × 106 g/mol) and the thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum degradation temperature of ~324 °C and a 60 % residual weight, lower than commercial SPG. The molecular structure and thermal properties of the ß-D-glucan were similar to the commercial sample. Additionally, the in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was evaluated, investigating anti-obesity and anti-lipidemic properties. The results showed unprecedented lipase inhibition activity to SPG prepared using the S. commune strain BRM 060008, making it promising for food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) consiste em uma desordem de origem endocrinológica de grande prevalência nas mulheres em idade fértil, sendo acometidas por ela aproximadamente de 6 a 16% da população feminina - em consonância com diversos critérios diagnósticos 1-4. Essa síndrome é associada ao hiperandrogenismo e à resistência insulínica (RI), com manifestações clínicas relacionadas a alterações reprodutivas 4, desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus (DM2) e obesidade. Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender o perfil das mulheres com DM 2 antes dos 35 anos e os fatores que podem levar a esta condição. Metodologia: Este estudo se deu por meio de inquérito on-line feito a mulheres diagnosticadas com SOP, e com menos de 35 anos de idade. Foi desenvolvido de maneira virtualizada via plataforma GoogleForms® em função da pandemia do COVID-19. Tratou-se de um levantamento sobre presença de fatores de risco para DM 2, como sobrepeso e alimentação, sedentarismo e qualidade do sono; em grupos de mulheres com SOP diabéticas e não diabéticas, para efeito de comparação. Resultados e discussão: Um total de 198 mulheres responderam ao questionário, sendo divididas em Diabéticas (DM) e não diabéticas (NDM). O grupo DM foi o que mais apresentou IMC elevado (acima de 30), e o que mais se declarou seguir orientações nutricionais. Atividade física não diferenciou entre os grupos. O grupo DM foi o que declarou dormir mais tarde (pós 23:00) quando comparado com o grupo NDM. O sobrepeso indica ser um fator importante para o advento da DM 2 neste grupo, sendo as orientações nutricionais não tão efetivas, devido muito a dificuldade de aderir às orientações. O hábito de dormir tarde implica em alterações que levam a aumento da RI via estresse oxidativo, contribuindo para obesidade e DM 2. Conclusões: A obesidade é um fator decisivo para a precocidade da DM 2 em mulheres com SOP, e sua condição é multifatorial, associada a seguimento de orientações nutricionais, atividade física e qualidade do sono. O evitar da precocidade da DM 2 neste grupo passa por esta compreensão.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological disorder with high prevalence in women of childbearing age, affected by approximately 6 to 16% of the female population - in line with several diagnostic criteria 1-4. This syndrome is associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR), with clinical manifestations related to reproductive changes 4, development of diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity. This research aims to understand the profile of women with DM 2 before the age of 35 and the factors that can lead to this condition. Methodology: This study was carried out through an online survey made to women diagnosed with PCOS, and under 35 years of age. It was developed in a virtualized way via the GoogleForms® platform due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a survey on the presence of risk factors for DM 2, such as overweight and diet, sedentary lifestyle and sleep quality; in groups of women with diabetic and non-diabetic PCOS for comparison purposes. Results and discussion: A total of 198 women answered the questionnaire, divided into Diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic (NDM). The DM group was the one with the highest BMI (above 30), and the one that most declared to follow nutritional guidelines. Physical activity did not differ between groups. The DM group was the one who reported sleeping later (after 11 pm) when compared to the NDM group. Overweight is an important factor for the advent of DM 2 in this group, and nutritional guidelines are not so effective, due to the difficulty in adhering to the guidelines. The habit of sleeping late implies changes that lead to increased IR via oxidative stress, contributing to obesity and DM 2. Conclusions: Obesity is a decisive factor for the precocity of DM 2 in women with PCOS, and its condition is multifactorial, associated with following nutritional guidelines, physical activity and sleep quality. Avoiding the precocity of DM 2 in this group involves this understanding.

Introducción: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es un trastorno de origen endocrinológico de alta prevalencia en mujeres en edad fértil, afectando aproximadamente entre el 6 y el 16% de la población femenina, de acuerdo con diversos criterios diagnósticos 1- 4 . Este síndrome se asocia con hiperandrogenismo y resistencia a la insulina (RI), con manifestaciones clínicas relacionadas con cambios reproductivos 4, desarrollo de diabetes mellitus (DM2) y obesidad. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer el perfil de las mujeres con DM 2 antes de los 35 años y los factores que pueden conducir a esta condición. Metodología: Este estudio se realizó a través de una encuesta online realizada entre mujeres diagnosticadas con SOP y menores de 35 años. Fue desarrollado de manera virtualizada a través de la plataforma GoogleForms® debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizó una encuesta sobre la presencia de factores de riesgo para DM 2, como sobrepeso y alimentación, sedentarismo y calidad del sueño; en grupos de mujeres diabéticas y no diabéticas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico, con fines de comparación. Resultados y discusión: Respondieron al cuestionario un total de 198 mujeres, divididas en diabéticas (DM) y no diabéticas (NDM). El grupo DM fue el que presentó un IMC más elevado (superior a 30), y el que más declaró seguir las pautas nutricionales. La actividad física no difirió entre los grupos. El grupo DM fue el que reportó dormir más tarde (después de las 11:00 pm) en comparación con el grupo NDM. El sobrepeso indica que es un factor importante en la aparición de DM 2 en este grupo, siendo las pautas nutricionales no tan efectivas, en gran parte por la dificultad para cumplirlas. El hábito de dormir tarde implica cambios que conducen a un aumento de la RI vía estrés oxidativo, contribuyendo a la obesidad y la DM 2. Conclusiones: La obesidad es un factor decisivo en la aparición temprana de la DM 2 en mujeres con SOP, y su condición es multifactorial, asociado con el seguimiento de pautas nutricionales, actividad física y calidad del sueño. Evitar la precocidad de la DM 2 en este grupo requiere esta comprensión.

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Introdução: Endometriose é uma patologia pélvica crônica de caráter inflamatório e estrogênio-dependente. Manifesta-se em quatro tipos de estágio (EI, EII, EIII e EIV), caracterizados pelos números de lesões. Tem indicações farmacológicas recomendadas se baseadas nos estágios, sendo EI/EII sintomático com AINES e/ou uso de anticonceptivos de uso contínuo; e EIII/EIV com fármacos análogos de GnRH. O estilo de vida dessas mulheres é impactado pela dor, que altera a rotina e vida afetivo/sexual contribuindo para quadros de ansiedade. O presente estudo se norteia pela questão "qual impacto na ansiedade de mulheres com endometriose, quando não ocorrem indicações farmacológicas recomendadas para os estágios que se encontra? Logo, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do tratamento medicamentoso não recomendado e risco de ansiedade. Metodologia: Levantamento de pacientes com diagnóstico de Endometriose, cadastradas no Banco de Dados do Projeto agrupadas em estágios de tratamentos farmacológicos similares (EI/EII e EIII/EIV). O relato de ansiedade, com diagnóstico médico e pós endometriose foi a variável dependente em estudo. As variáveis independentes (ou influenciadoras) foram [1] Estágio da doença, [2] Farmacoterapia recomendada (FR) ou não (FNR) e [3] esquema medicamentoso empregado (classes e combinações). Estatística feitas por chi quadrado e Fischer. Resultados: Do total de 375 mulheres, 274 apresentavam ansiedade. Destas, 170 estavam no grupo IFR; sendo 141 no agrupamento EI/EII, e 29 mulheres no EIII/EIV. No que se refere ao grupo IFNR, teve se um n=104 mulheres, sendo apenas 1 nos EI/EII e 103 nos EIII/EIV. Os casos de FNR estão mais presentes em EIII/EIV, com 90% dos casos (IC 95%, p<0,05). O esquema terapêutico mais presente foi AINEs em monoterapia, sendo 65% (IC 95%, p<0,05) em Estágio inadequado. Notou-se uma correlação positiva entre FNR e quadros de ansiedade, principalmente quando se empregava a monoterapia com AINEs (IC 95%, p<0,05). Conclusão: Dificuldades de acesso a especialistas para diagnóstico e aos medicamentos do EIII/EIV podem ser as causas, que serão investigadas em estudos futuros.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic pelvic pathology with an inflammatory and estrogen-dependent nature. It manifests itself in four types of stages (EI, EII, EIII and EIV), characterized by the number of lesions. It has recommended pharmacological indications based on the stages, being symptomatic EI/EII with NSAIDs and/or use of continuous contraceptives; and EIII/EIV with GnRH analogue drugs. The lifestyle of these women is impacted by pain, which alters their routine and emotional/sexual life, contributing to anxiety. The present study is guided by the question "what impact on the anxiety of women with endometriosis, when there are no recommended pharmacological indications for the stage they are in?" Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of non-recommended drug treatment and the risk of anxiety. Methodology: Survey of patients diagnosed with Endometriosis, registered in the Project Database grouped into stages of similar pharmacological treatments (EI/EII and EIII/EIV). The report of anxiety, with medical diagnosis and post-endometriosis was the dependent variable under study. The independent (or influencing) variables were [1] Stage of the disease, [2] Pharmacotherapy recommended (FR) or not (FNR) and [3] medication regimen used (classes and combinations). Statistics made by chi square and Fischer. Results: Of the total of 375 women, 274 had anxiety. Of these, 170 were in the IFR group; 141 in the EI/EII group, and 29 women in the EIII/EIV group. Regarding the IFNR group, there were n=104 women, with only 1 in EI/EII and 103 in EIII/EIV. FNR cases are more present in EIII/EIV, with 90% of cases (95% CI, p<0.05). The most common therapeutic regimen was NSAIDs as monotherapy, with 65% (95% CI, p<0.05) in an inadequate stage. A positive correlation was noted between FNR and anxiety, especially when using monotherapy with NSAIDs (95% CI, p<0.05). Conclusion: Difficulties in accessing specialists for diagnosis and EIII/EIV medications may be the causes, which will be investigated in future studies.

Introducción: La endometriosis es una patología pélvica crónica de naturaleza inflamatoria y estrógeno-dependiente. Se manifiesta en cuatro tipos de estadios (EI, EII, EIII y EIV), caracterizados por el número de lesiones. Tiene indicaciones farmacológicas recomendadas según los estadios, siendo EI/EII sintomática con AINE y/o uso de anticonceptivos continuos; y EIII/EIV con fármacos análogos de GnRH. El estilo de vida de estas mujeres se ve impactado por el dolor, lo que altera su rutina y su vida emocional/sexual, contribuyendo a la ansiedad. El presente estudio se guía por la pregunta "¿qué impacto tiene en la ansiedad de las mujeres con endometriosis, cuando no existen indicaciones farmacológicas recomendadas para las etapas en las que se encuentra? Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los efectos del tratamiento farmacológico no recomendado y el riesgo de ansiedad. Metodología: Encuesta a pacientes diagnosticadas de Endometriosis, registradas en la Base de Datos del Proyecto agrupadas en etapas de tratamientos farmacológicos similares (EI/EII y EIII/EIV). El reporte de ansiedad, con diagnóstico médico y post-endometriosis fue la variable dependiente en estudio. Las variables independientes (o influyentes) fueron [1] Estadio de la enfermedad, [2] Farmacoterapia recomendada (FR) o no (FNR) y [3] régimen de medicación utilizado (clases y combinaciones). Estadística realizada por chi cuadrado y Fischer. Resultados: Del total de 375 mujeres, 274 presentaron ansiedad. De ellos, 170 estaban en el grupo IFR; 141 en el grupo EI/EII y 29 mujeres en el grupo EIII/EIV. En cuanto al grupo IFNR, hubo n=104 mujeres, siendo sólo 1 en EI/EII y 103 en EIII/EIV. Los casos de FNR están más presentes en EIII/EIV, con un 90% de los casos (IC 95%, p<0,05). El régimen terapéutico más común fue el de AINE en monoterapia, con un 65% (IC 95%, p<0,05) en estadio inadecuado. Se observó una correlación positiva entre la FNR y la ansiedad, especialmente cuando se utilizaba monoterapia con AINE (IC del 95%, p<0,05). Conclusión: Las dificultades para acceder a especialistas para el diagnóstico y a los medicamentos EIII/EIV pueden ser las causas, que serán investigadas en futuros estudios.

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Aim: To compare performance differences among dental surgeons in the public sector of the state of Minas Gerais regarding prenatal dental care before and after the establishment of Previne Brasil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, gathering data through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of dental surgeons working in the public sector of municipalities in MG and utilizing the snowball effect. Data analysis was performed using the IBM-SPSS® version 29.0, employing Pearson's Chi-square statistical test (P<0.05). Results: Out of the 28 State Health System (SRS) present in MG. A total of 1696 responses were collected, but after applying the exclusion criteria, 1001 responses remained, specifically related to dental surgeons working in MG public sector. 78.6% comprised professionals who graduated before 2019, while 20.1% graduated after that year. The morning and the second or other gestational trimesters were the most common periods considered optimal for caring for pregnant women. A significant portion of the professionals had not undergone any specific courses or training on this topic, reporting an average satisfaction level of 5.52 regarding the accessibility of information during their education aimed at this audience. Conclusion: Variances were observed in the care provided to pregnant women by dental surgeons working in the public sector of Minas Gerais, distinguishing those trained before and after the implementation of Previne Brasil. The debunking of myths and taboos stands as crucial for enhancing the acceptance of prenatal dentistry

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dental caries in Brazilian preschool children aged 2 to 5 years. Material and Methods: The following independent variables were evaluated: dental caries, dental trauma, and malocclusions. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence of dental caries in preschoolers was 55.1%. Child age, family income, maternal education, and tooth color alteration from trauma were significantly associated with dental caries (p<0.05). The final adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between maternal education and dental caries; children of mothers with low education were 1.89 times more likely to have caries (PR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.40-2.55) (p<0.01). Children with tooth color change from trauma were more likely to have dental caries (PR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.22-2.34 (p=0.001). Conclusion: Child age, family income, maternal education, tooth discoloration and discoloration color are risk factors for the development of caries disease in children. Also, children of mothers with low educational levels have a higher chance of developing dental caries.

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Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, que teve como objetivo analisar a tendência do estado nutricional de gestantes adolescentes assistidas pela atenção primária à saúde em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram provenientes do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, referente ao estado nutricional de 140.969 gestantes adolescentes entre os anos de 2010 a 2019; apresentados em variação percentual anual por meio da regressão linear simples. O baixo peso mostrou tendência decrescente nas macrorregiões Sul e Triângulo do Norte com variação anual de -0,88% (IC95% -1,67; -0,09) e -0,79% (IC95% -1,06; -0,51) e o excesso de peso registrou tendência crescente nas macrorregiões Nordeste, Noroeste, Norte, Triângulo do Sul e Vale do Aço com a variação anual de 0,28% (IC95% 0,04;0,52), 0,37% (IC95% 0,23;0,51), 0,64% (IC95% 0,32;0,95), 0,44% (IC95% 0,18;0,70) e 0,57% (IC95% 0,26;0,88), respectivamente. Conclui-se que, no período avaliado, houve a tendência de aumento do excesso de peso entre as gestantes adolescentes no estado de Minas Gerais, acompanhando o processo de transição nutricional no país (AU).

An ecological and time-series study to analyze trends in the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents assisted in Primary Health Care in Minas Gerais. The data came from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, referring to the nutritional status of 140,969 pregnant adolescents between 2010 and 2019, presented in annual percentage change using simple linear regression. Low weight showed a decreasing trend in the South and Northern Triangle macro-regions with annual variations of -0.88% (95% CI: -1.67;-0.09) and -0.79% (95% CI: -1.06;-0.51); in turn, excess weight recorded an increasing trend in the Northeast, Northwest, North, Southern Triangle and Vale do Aço macro-regions, with annual variations of 0.28% (95% CI: 0.04;0.52), 0.37% (95% CI: 0.23;0.51), 0.64% (95% CI: 0.32;0.95), 0.44% (95% CI: 0.18;0.70), and 0.57% (95% CI: 0.26;0.88), respectively. It is concluded that, during the evaluated period, there was an increasing trend in excess weight among pregnant adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais, following the nutritional transition process in the country (AU).

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This study investigated the effects of sub­chronic administration of lead (Pb) acetate on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA­RS), total sulfhydryl content, protein carbonyl content, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH­Px]), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Na+K+­ATPase in the cerebral structures of rats. Male Wistar rats aged 60 days were treated with saline (control group) or Pb (treatment group), at various doses, by gavage, once a day for 35 days. The animals were sacrificed twelve hours after the last administration, and the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed. The results showed that Pb did not alter the evaluated oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, Pb (64 and/or 128 mg/kg) altered SOD in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Pb (128 mg/kg) altered CAT in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex and GSH­Px in the cerebral cortex. Also, Pb (64 mg/kg and 128 mg/kg) altered GSH­Px in the cerebellum. Moreover, Pb (128 mg/kg) increased AChE in the hippocampus and decreased Na+K+­ATPase in the cerebellum and hippocampus. In conclusion, sub­chronic exposure to Pb (occupational and environmental intoxication) altered antioxidant enzymes, AChE, and Na+K+­ATPase, contributing to cerebral dysfunction.

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OBJECTIVE: This cohort study was to investigate maternal knowledge of the oral health of woman and children during pregnancy and after childbirth, and the associated factors. METHODS: Groups of women participating in a public prenatal dental care programme in Brazil were assessed, in two different stages. In the first stage, pregnant women were assessed for their own oral health. In the second stage, after childbirth, women were assessed for the oral health of their child. The examiner assigned a maternal knowledge score to the questionnaires, considering the ideal alternatives within the context of oral health promotion as correct answers. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests, considering a level of significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were included in the study, with a mean age 26.27 years (SD 6.51). In the regression analysis, the maternal knowledge score was associated with the presence of myths about oral health (P < 0.01), the children first dental appointment in the first year of life (P = 0.07), the presence of a non-nutritious sucking habit (P < 0.01), considering dental treatment to be important during pregnancy (P < 0.01), and having been instructed on oral health during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and after the children birth (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the women showed a regular score of knowledge about their oral health and that of their children, as they still believed in some myths about oral health and the risks of dental treatment during pregnancy. Women who received guidance on oral health in pregnancy and after birth showed higher knowledge of their oral health and that of their children, demonstrating the importance of carrying out health promotion actions during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life.

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We, herein, investigated the in vitro effects of galactose on the activity of pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II and IV (cytochrome c oxidase) of the respiratory chain and Na+K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of 30-day-old rats. We also determined the influence of the antioxidants, trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione, on the effects elicited by galactose. Galactose was added to the assay at concentrations of 0.1, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM. Control experiments were performed without galactose. Galactose, at 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM, decreased pyruvate kinase activity in the cerebral cortex and at 10.0 mM in the hippocampus. Galactose, at 10.0 mM, reduced SDH and complex II activities in the cerebellum and hippocampus, and reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, decreased Na+K+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus; conversely, galactose, at 3.0 and 5.0 mM, increased this enzyme's activity in the cerebellum. Data show that galactose disrupts energy metabolism and trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione addition prevented the majority of alterations in the parameters analyzed, suggesting the use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy in Classic galactosemia.

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Analisar a situação da alimentação de crianças atendidas nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os dados foram provenientes dos relatórios públicos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, referentes ao consumo alimentar de crianças de 5 a 9 anos de idade, assistidas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde do estado de Minas Gerais, entre 2015 a 2019. Os dados foram apresentados em percentual, variação percentual média e pontos percentuais, obtidos por meio da regressão linear simples. O consumo alimentar de 120.666 crianças caracterizou-se inadequado, com crescente tendência no hábito de realizar as refeições assistindo à televisão, em ambos os sexos (p = 0,045 para o sexo feminino, p = 0,008 no sexo masculino). Faz-se necessária maior atenção à população estudada para promoção de alimentação adequada e saudável, incluindo o cuidado multiprofissional, na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde.

To analyze the dietary situation of children assisted in Primary Health Care services. Data originated from public reports from the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System, referring to the food consumption of children aged 5 to 9 years old and assisted by Primary Health Care in the state of Minas Gerais between 2015 and 2019. Data was presented in percentage, average percentage variation, and percentage points, found using a simple linear regression. The food intake of 120,666 children was characterized as inadequate, with a growing tendency towards the habit of having meals while watching television in both sexes (p=0.045 for females, p=0.008 for males). Greater focus on the population studied here is necessary to promote adequate and healthy eating in children, including the provision of multidisciplinary care in the Primary Health Care network.

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Childhood-related obesity and overweight are increasing concerns for the health and well-being of children. Dental caries (decay) is the most prevalent oral disease during childhood, and several studies have suggested that nutritional status and dental caries are associated in children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of childhood overweight/obesity and dental caries in a medium-sized Brazilian city. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 269 children of both genders enrolled in four public schools in the city of Alfenas. The children were clinically examined to assess cavitated dental caries and nutritional status (overweight and obesity). In addition, the GIS was used for the geospatial clustering analyses. A heat map was created by the Kemel method to estimate the concentration of the outcomes. The cavitated dental caries and overweight/obesity were also pointed out by dots on the map. However, of the 269 children, 118 were boys (43.87%) and 151 were girls (56.13%). One hundred fifty-seven children (58.4%) were classified as having "non-cavitated caries," while 112 (41.6%) were classified as having "cavitied caries." In the nutritional status assessment, 204 children (75.84%) were classified as "eutrophic," while 65 children (24.16%) were classified as "overweight/obesity," A geographical correlation of dental caries with overweight/obesity may exist in the northeast and southwest areas. In conclusion, a geographical concordance between the dental caries and the occurrence of overweight/obesity among the schoolchildren from Alfenas may exist in some areas. Future studies are necessary.

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OBJECTIVES: This manuscript presents a systematic review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. A meta-analysis was made to compare the number of treated/operated HNC patients in the pre-COVID-19 era versus the COVID-19 era. This investigation was based on previous reports showing a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of new cases of cancer during the pandemic. Worsening in cancer prognosis would be expected as a result of the delayed treatments. METHOD AND MATERIALS: An electronic search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases. Relevant articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 8,942 HNC patients were included. A higher prevalence in male (1,873) in comparison to female (1,695) was observed considering 3,568 patients. Regarding staging, the majority of cases were stage III to IV. The treatment type more frequently described was surgery. Positive diagnosis for COVID-19 in the pre-oncologic treatment was reported for 242 patients, and for post-oncologic treatment in 119 patients. Mortality by COVID-19 was reported for 27 HNC patients. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly smaller number of surgeries/oncologic treatments of HNC patients performed (2,666) in the COVID-19 era when compared to the pre-COVID-19 era (3,163) (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.00, P = .05). CONCLUSION: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HNC patients occurred mainly in the number of surgeries/oncologic treatments, showing a significantly smaller number of surgeries/oncologic treatments performed in the COVID-19 era rather than the pre-COVID-19 era.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the oral health and related factors among people with visual impairment in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive household study was carried out on a representative sample of people with visual impairments in a medium-sized city in Brazil. A clinical-dental examination was performed (evaluating tooth loss, caries, periodontal health, dental plaque use and need of prosthesis) and a semistructured questionnaire was applied, investigating the socioeconomic conditions (sex, age, marital status, skin color and income) and the use of dental services (reason, time since, and type of service used [private/public] in last dental visit). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were performed to asses the factors related to oral health. Results: The mean age of participants was 65 years (±15.05), with the majority women (70.9%). 53.1% of the interviewees were edentulous, but 58.2% had a good perception of oral health. The blind ones use less public services (p=0.038) and with a lower frequency (p=0.014) than subjects with low vision. Those with less schooling had higher tooth loss and lower periodontal problems (p <0.05). There was a reduction of dental plaque six months after the educational action (30.7%; p=0.01), especially among the low vision participants (p=0.01). Conclusion: Severe tooth loss and unsatisfactory hygiene contrast with self-perception of oral health. Visual acuity and schooling were related to access and oral health. Actions for promotion and equity are necessary to overcome the inequalities encountered.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal e fatores relacionados entre deficientes visuais em município do sudeste brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo domiciliar, transversal e descritivo em uma amostra representativa de pessoas com deficiência visual em uma cidade de médio porte do Brasil. Realizou-se o exame clínico bucal (avaliando perda dentária, cárie, saúde periodontal, placa dentária, uso e necessidade de prótese) e aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado, investigando as condições socioeconômicas (sexo, idade, estado civil, cor da pele e renda) e o uso de serviços odontológicos (motivo, tempo decorrido e tipo de serviço utilizado [privado/público] na última consulta odontológica). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas para avaliar os fatores associados à saúde bucal. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi de 65 anos (±15,05), com maioria de mulheres (70,9%). 53,1% dos entrevistados eram edêntulos, porém, 58,2% apresentaram percepção de saúde bucal boa. Os cegos usam menos os serviços públicos (p=0,038) e em menor frequência (p=0,014) que os sujeitos com baixa visão. Os menos escolarizados apresentam maiores perdas dentárias e menores problemas periodontais (p<0,05). Houve redução de placa dentária seis meses após ação educativa (30,7%; p=0,01), sobretudo entre os sujeitos com baixa visão (p=0,01). Conclusão: Elevada perda dentária e higienização insatisfatória contrastaram com autopercepção dos agravos bucais. Acuidade visual e escolaridade relacionaram-se ao acesso e saúde bucal. Ações de promoção e equidade são necessários para superar desigualdades encontradas.

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Resumo Introdução Pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica podem apresentar prejuízos em sua saúde bucal em decorrência da própria doença, do tratamento e das alterações de estilo de vida associadas. Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim entre adultos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise. Método Estudo transversal com 243 adultos submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital do sul de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2013 e 2014. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo autorrelato da condição bucal dicotomizada em boa (ótima/boa) e ruim (regular/ruim/péssima). As variáveis independentes incluíram condições sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos, a partir de informações coletadas por meio de questionário. A associação entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes foi testada por meio de modelos logísticos múltiplos com inclusão hierarquizada de variáveis. Resultados A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim foi de 35,4%. Os mais jovens (p = 0,015), os que se submetem à hemodiálise há menos tempo (p = 0,016), têm halitose (p <0,001), necessitam de tratamento odontológico (p <0,001) e tiveram a última consulta odontológica por motivo diferente de dor (p = 0,027) expressaram maiores chances de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim, independentemente de condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Conclusão Condições sociodemográficas, tempo em hemodiálise, agravos à saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos influenciaram a autoavaliação da saúde bucal dos adultos submetidos à hemodiálise.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic renal failure may have their oral health impaired as a result of the disease itself, its treatment, and its associated lifestyle alterations. Objective To assess the factors associated with poor self-rated oral health among adults with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 243 adults undergoing hemodialysis in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil in 2013-2014. The outcome was assessed by the self-report of oral health categorized into good (excellent/good) and bad (fair/bad / very bad). The independent variables included sociodemographic conditions, general health, oral health, and the use of dental services were collected through a structured questionnaire. The association between the outcome and the independent variables was tested using multiple logistic models with hierarchical inclusion of variables. Results The prevalence of poor self-rated oral health was 35.4%. The youngest (p = 0.015), those who have undergone hemodialysis in the shortest time (p = 0.016), have halitosis (p <0.001), need dental treatment (p <0.001), and had their last dental appointment not for pain (p = 0.027) expressed higher odds of poor self-rated oral health, independently of sociodemographic and health conditions. Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions, time on hemodialysis, oral impairments, and use of dental services affected the oral health self-assessment among adults undergoing hemodialysis.

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O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma doença crônica que apresentou um crescente aumento em sua prevalência, principalmente de DM II em mulheres com Síndrome do Ovário Policístico (SOP). Dentro deste parâmetro, o estudo verificou não só fatores de risco modificáveis ­ sobrepeso e sedentarismo, mas também fatores como a ansiedade, identificada principalmente durante a pandemia, a qual resultou em efeitos sobre a saúde mental dessas mulheres. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo é conhecer a influência da ansiedade no tratamento da DM II em jovens com SOP, durante a pandemia. A metodologia foi realizada em modelo de estudo observacional entre o período de junho de 2020 a outubro de 2021, via prontuários do INOVA-Secretaria Municipal de Joinville, onde foram qualificadas mulheres da Atenção Primária do Município de Joinville-SC portadoras de DM II e com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos. Um total de 44 mulheres atendendo aos requisitos iniciais de inclusão. Como resultado, verificou-se a influência do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) sobre a glicemia pela mediada, tendo-se dois grupos (IMC>30 e IMC<30), sem se constatar diferença significativa. Entretanto, nas análises dos Grupos Ansiedade (GAN) e Não Ansiedade (GNAN), observou-se que o GAN concentra as participantes com glicemias mais elevadas. Portanto, conclui-se que, a ansiedade afeta condições que interferem no controle glicêmico (sistema endócrino, manejo comportamental), se tratando de uma condição a ser mais bem manejada na DM2, o que abre discussão para a reorganização da atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde nos pós pandemia.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that has shown an increasing increase in its prevalence, especially DM II in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Within this parameter, the study verified not only modifiable risk factors ­ overweight and sedentary lifestyle, but also factors such as anxiety, identified mainly during the pandemic, which resulted in effects on the mental health of these women. Therefore, the objective of the study is to understand the influence of anxiety on the treatment of DM II in young people with PCOS, during the pandemic. The methodology was carried out in an observational study model between the period from June 2020 to October 2021, via medical records from INOVA-Joinville Municipal Secretariat, where women from Primary Care in the Municipality of Joinville-SC who had DM II and with aged 30 years or less. A total of 44 women met the initial inclusion requirements. As a result, the influence of the Body Mass Index (BMI) on glycemia was verified through mediation, with two groups (BMI>30 and BMI<30), without finding a significant difference. However, in the analyzes of the Anxiety (GAN) and Non-Anxiety (GNAN) Groups, it was observed that the GAN concentrates participants with higher blood glucose levels. Therefore, it is concluded that anxiety affects conditions that interfere with glycemic control (endocrine system, behavioral management), being a condition to be better managed in DM2, which opens discussion for the reorganization of mental health care in primary health care in the post-pandemic period.

La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad crónica que ha mostrado un aumento creciente en su prevalencia, especialmente la DM II en mujeres con Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP). Dentro de ese parámetro, el estudio verificó no sólo factores de riesgo modificables ­sobrepeso y sedentarismo­, sino también factores como la ansiedad, identificados principalmente durante la pandemia, que resultaron en efectos sobre la salud mental de estas mujeres. Por tanto, el objetivo del estudio es comprender la influencia de la ansiedad en el tratamiento de la DM II en jóvenes con SOP, durante la pandemia. La metodología se realizó en un modelo de estudio observacional entre el período de junio de 2020 a octubre de 2021, a través de historias clínicas de INOVA- Secretaría Municipal de Joinville, donde participaron mujeres de Atención Primaria del Municipio de Joinville-SC que tenían DM II y con 30 años. años o menos. Un total de 44 mujeres cumplieron con los requisitos de inclusión inicial. Como resultado, se verificó mediante mediación la influencia del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) sobre la glucemia, con dos grupos (IMC>30 e IMC<30), sin encontrar diferencia significativa. Sin embargo, en los análisis de los Grupos de Ansiedad (GAN) y No Ansiedad (GNAN), se observó que el GAN concentra a los participantes con niveles más altos de glucosa en sangre. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la ansiedad afecta condiciones que interfieren en el control glucémico (sistema endocrino, manejo conductual), siendo una condición a ser mejor manejada en la DM2, lo que abre discusión para la reorganización de la atención a la salud mental en la atención primaria de salud en el pos- período pandémico.