RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To measure the level of reflection, this study analyzes diaries written by third-year nursing students before and after the debriefing stage in simulation training. A qualitative study using diary entries from 15 nursing students to explore reflection depth. METHODS: Students engaged in simulation training and the debriefing stage, documenting their reflections in diaries. Before and after debriefing, reflections were rated from Level 1 (reflectivity) to Level 7 (theoretical reflectivity). RESULTS: The total number of reflection levels rose significantly from 545 to 829 post-debriefing, enhancing higher-order reflection.The shift signifies a move from superficial to deep reflection, highlighting debriefing's role in fostering critical thinking. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the critical role of debriefing in enhancing reflective thinking in nursing education. There is a demonstrated need for further research into the specific elements of debriefing that are most effective at promoting deep reflection. Future studies should conduct comparative analyses of different debriefing methods and approaches across various educational settings. This research could lay the foundation for designing more effective debriefing strategies that foster critical thinking and improve learning outcomes in nursing education.
RESUMEN
BACKGRUOUND: This study evaluated the effects of a mobile diabetes management program called "iCareD" (College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) which was integrated into the hospital's electronic medical records system to minimize the workload of the healthcare team in the real clinical practice setting. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we recruited 308 patients. We categorized these patients based on their compliance regarding their use of the iCareD program at home; compliance was determined through self-monitored blood glucose inputs and message subscription rates. We analyzed changes in the ABC (hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels from the baseline to 12 months thereafter, based on the patients' iCareD usage patterns. RESULTS: The patients comprised 92 (30%) non-users, 170 (55%) poor-compliance users, and 46 (15%) good-compliance users; the ABC target achievement rate showed prominent changes in good-compliance groups from baseline to 12 months (10.9% vs. 23.9%, P<0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed for poor-compliance users and non-users (13.5% vs. 18.8%, P=0.106; 20.7% vs. 14.1%, P=0.201; respectively). CONCLUSION: Implementing the iCareD can improve the ABC levels of patients with diabetes with minimal efforts of the healthcare team in real clinical settings. However, the improvement of patients' compliance concerning the use of the system without the vigorous intervention of the healthcare team needs to be solved in the future.
Asunto(s)
Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Hemoglobina Glucada , Automanejo , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Automanejo/métodos , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Anciano , República de Corea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Cooperación del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Adulto , Glucemia/análisisRESUMEN
Skin-mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin-mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin-mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin-mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin-mediated delivery of drugs.
Asunto(s)
Absorción Cutánea , Piel , Administración Cutánea , Piel/metabolismo , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodosRESUMEN
G-protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) has great potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of type II diabetes. Novel thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were discovered as GPR119 agonists through a bioisosteric replacement strategy. The sulfonylphenyl thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidine scaffold was introduced, and its derivatives exhibited potent agonistic activity for GPR119 in cell-based assays. The representative derivative 43 displayed excellent pharmacokinetic profiles in rodents and significantly improved glucose tolerance in vivo. In OGTT study, compound 43 reduced significantly blood glucose levels in both mice and rats.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ratas , Ratones , Animales , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants complicates efforts to combat the ongoing pandemic, underscoring the need for a dynamic platform for the rapid development of pan-viral variant therapeutics. Oligonucleotide therapeutics are enhancing the treatment of numerous diseases with unprecedented potency, duration of effect, and safety. Through the systematic screening of hundreds of oligonucleotide sequences, we identified fully chemically stabilized siRNAs and ASOs that target regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome conserved in all variants of concern, including delta and omicron. We successively evaluated candidates in cellular reporter assays, followed by viral inhibition in cell culture, with eventual testing of leads for in vivo antiviral activity in the lung. Previous attempts to deliver therapeutic oligonucleotides to the lung have met with only modest success. Here, we report the development of a platform for identifying and generating potent, chemically modified multimeric siRNAs bioavailable in the lung after local intranasal and intratracheal delivery. The optimized divalent siRNAs showed robust antiviral activity in human cells and mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and represent a new paradigm for antiviral therapeutic development for current and future pandemics.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , COVID-19/terapia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Oligonucleótidos , PulmónRESUMEN
Background and objectives: During the current era, the world is experiencing economic and mental depression due to COVID-19. In this context, this study empirically analyzed the relationship between the nostalgia recognition effect, a unique human emotion that can improve emotional comfort and stability, and physical activity that can effectively benefit human health; Methods: 550 "dance for all" participants who joined public sports facilities, private gymnasiums, cultural centers, and dance for all clubs in South Korea. Data analysis was performed on Windows PC/SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 ver. frequency analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the survey results; Results: First, all sub-factors of the nostalgia recognition effect of dance for all participants has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect on attachment. Second, attachment has a statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect on resilience. Third, attachment does not have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect on psychological well-being of dance for all participants; Conclusions: These research results are prepared effective operating strategies and plans for the era of "post-corona" and "with corona" in the field of human health and dance for all.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A system that combines technology and web-based coaching can help treat chronic conditions such as diabetes. However, the effectiveness of apps in mobile health (mHealth) interventions is inconclusive and unclear due to heterogeneous interventions and varying follow-up durations. In addition, randomized controlled trial data are limited, and long-term follow-up is lacking, especially for apps integrated into electronic medical records. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effect of an electronic medical record-integrated mobile app for personalized diabetes self-care, focusing on the self-monitoring of blood glucose and lifestyle modifications, on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In a 26-week, 3-arm, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel group trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ≥7.5% were recruited. The mHealth intervention consisted of self-monitoring of blood glucose with the automatic transfer of glucose, diet, and physical activity counseling data (iCareD system). Participants were randomly assigned to the following three groups: usual care (UC), mobile diabetes self-care (MC), and MC with personalized, bidirectional feedback from physicians (MPC). The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels at 26 weeks. In addition, diabetes-related self-efficacy, self-care activities, and satisfaction with the iCareD system were assessed after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 269 participants were enrolled, and 234 patients (86.9%) remained in the study at 26 weeks. At 12 weeks after the intervention, the mean decline in HbA1c levels was significantly different among the 3 groups (UC vs MC vs MPC: -0.49% vs -0.86% vs -1.04%; P=.02). The HbA1c level decreased in all groups; however, it did not differ among groups after 26 weeks. In a subgroup analysis, HbA1c levels showed a statistically significant decrease after the intervention in the MPC group compared with the change in the UC or MC group, especially in patients aged <65 years (P=.02), patients with a diabetes duration of ≥10 years (P=.02), patients with a BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 (P=.004), patients with a C-peptide level of ≥0.6 ng/mL (P=.008), and patients who did not undergo treatment with insulin (P=.004) at 12 weeks. A total of 87.2% (137/157) of the participants were satisfied with the iCareD system. CONCLUSIONS: The mHealth intervention for diabetes self-care showed short-term efficacy in glycemic control, and the effect decreased over time. The participants were comfortable with using the iCareD system and exhibited high adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea KCT0004128; https://tinyurl.com/bdd6pa9m.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Aplicaciones Móviles , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Humanos , AutocuidadoRESUMEN
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects worldwide, with particularly high morbidity and mortality in outbreaks on residential care facilities. Amantadine, originally licensed as an antiviral agent for therapy and prophylaxis against influenza A virus, has beneficial effects on patients with Parkinson's disease and is used for treatment of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, acquired brain injury, and various other neurological disorders. Recent observational data suggest an inverse relationship between the use of amantadine and COVID-19. Adamantanes, including amantadine and rimantadine, are reported to have in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that adamantanes have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, including variant strains. To assess the activity of adamantanes against SARS-CoV-2, we used in vitro and in vivo models of infection. We established that amantadine, rimantadine, and tromantadine inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro in cultured human epithelial cells. While neither rimantadine nor amantadine reduces lung viral titers in mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, rimantadine significantly reduces viral titers in the lungs in golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. In summary, rimantadine has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in human alveolar epithelial cells and in the hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection. The evaluation of amantadine or rimantadine in human randomized controlled trials can definitively address applications for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19.
RESUMEN
Controlling type 2 diabetes (T2DM) requires a comprehensive approach including patient education, self-monitoring of blood glucose, individualized behavioral strategies, and frequent contact with healthcare professionals (HCPs). We aimed to compare the efficacy of a personalized lifestyle intervention based on a mobile phone application with regular care in participants with T2DM. This is an ongoing randomized controlled open-label parallel-group trial with a target accrual of 282 participants, of which 181 have been enrolled to date. Participants are randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) regular care; (2) mobile diabetes management; or (3) mobile diabetes management with HCP feedback. The mobile application is enabled to integrate with both electronic medical records (EMR) and a web-based diabetes management system for HCPs. It can send customized messages based on participants' responses to lifestyle questionnaires administered at the baseline. The intervention period is 26 weeks followed by observation for 26 weeks. We evaluate the intervention's features in order to assess its clinical utility and efficacy and compare outcomes with regular care considering relevant clinical factors, such as age, baseline HbA1c, etc. We expect our study to provide new evidence in support of customized mobile application tools for the management of T2DM.
Asunto(s)
Teléfono Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Aplicaciones Móviles , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , HumanosRESUMEN
The aims of this study were to determine the short-term effectiveness of an internet-based lifestyle modification (LSM) program in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in prediabetes patients in community settings. A total of 415 subjects who were diagnosed with prediabetes were randomly assigned to the LSM and standard management (SM) groups. After the 6-month intervention, the LSM group had a statistically significant reduction in body weight, body mass index compared to the SM group participants. In the LSM group, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after intervention and the clinical improvement effect was evident in the group that achieved the target weight loss of 5% or more of the initial weight for 6 months. Internet-based 6-month-intensive LSM programs conducted by public health center personnel are an effective way to provide lifestyle intervention programs and encourage maintenance of healthy behaviors in subjects with a high risk of T2DM in community settings.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estado Prediabético , Índice de Masa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Humanos , Internet , Estilo de Vida , Estado Prediabético/epidemiología , Estado Prediabético/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We examined the concordance rate among fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour post-challenge glucose (2hr PG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes in a population with a high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea. METHODS: Among the participants from the Korean Diabetes Prevention Study, individuals with FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23.0 kg/m2, and no previous history of T2DM were consecutively enrolled after a 75 g glucose tolerance test. We analyzed the differences in the clinical characteristics in subjects with stage 1 (FPG, 100 to 109 mg/dL) and stage 2 (FPG, 110 to 125 mg/dL) impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESULTS: Of 1,637 participants, 27.2% had T2DM and 59.3% had IFG and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The mean age was 55.0 ± 8.1 years and the mean BMI was 26.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2. Based on FPG criteria, 515 (31.4%) and 352 (21.5%) subjects were classified as having stage 1 and stage 2 IFG, respectively. The 19.0% of stage 1 and 43.5% of stage 2 subjects showed 2hr PG levels in the diabetic range. Even for those in the normal FPG range, 63 (9.5%) participants showed a 2hr PG level of ≥ 200 mg/dL. Of 446 subjects with newly-diagnosed diabetes, 340 (76.2%) showed FPG levels < 126 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The oral glucose tolerance test should be actively considered for Korean adults who are overweight or obese with the IFG range (FPG, 100 to 125 mg/ dL) to allow for early detection of diabetes and prompt intervention.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Adulto , Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Ayuno , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to compare the estimation error of the root axis using 3-dimensional (3D) tooth models at the midtreatment stage between the whole-surface scan (WSS) and lingual-surface scan (LSS) methods. METHODS: The sample consisted of 208 teeth (26 each of central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars in the maxillary and mandibular dentition) from 13 patients whose pre- and midtreatment intraoral scan and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were available. The 3D tooth models were constructed by merging the intraoral-scan crowns and the CBCT-scan roots obtained at the pretreatment stage. To estimate the root axis at the midtreatment stage, we superimposed the individual 3D tooth models onto the midtreatment intraoral scan obtained by the WSS and LSS methods. The midtreatment CBCT scan was used as the gold standard to determine the real root axis. The estimated root axis in terms of mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination was measured in the WSS and LSS methods, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The estimation errors of the mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual inclination were <2.0° in both methods. The LSS method demonstrated a statistically larger but clinically insignificant estimation error than the WSS method in the mandibular canine (mesiodistal angulation, 1.95° vs 1.62°) and the total tested teeth (mesiodistal angulation, 1.40° vs 1.29°; buccolingual inclination, 1.51° vs 1.41°). CONCLUSIONS: Because the estimation errors of the root axis angle using the 3D tooth model by the WSS and LSS methods were within the clinically acceptable range, the root axis can be estimated by both methods.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Dentales , Raíz del Diente , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Humanos , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Corona del Diente/diagnóstico por imagen , Raíz del Diente/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The number of older people admitted to nursing homes has continued to rise with the recent expansion of the Republic of Korea's long-term care system. Maintaining ego integrity is a major task for older people approaching the end of life. As efforts to maintain ego integrity include the final stages of life, this concept is critically important for older people in nursing homes. This study was designed to assess issues related to ego integrity in the nursing home environment to determine how nurses should play a key role in managing this important life task. PURPOSE: The management by nurses of the ego integrity of residents of nursing homes is a new phenomenon that is central to promoting long-term, quality care. This study was designed to clarify and conceptualize this management phenomenon in the context of nursing homes. METHODS: A hybrid model of concept development was used to analyze the ways in which nurses manage the ego integrity of residents of nursing homes. In the theoretical phase, a working definition of the management by nurses of residents' ego integrity is developed using a literature review. In the fieldwork phase, in-depth interviews are conducted with eight nurses from six nursing homes in Seoul and three other provinces. Finally, in the final analytical phase, the theoretical and fieldwork findings are interpreted and compared. RESULTS: Two components, assessment and intervention, of the approach by nurses to managing the ego integrity of residents of nursing homes were identified. Assessment incorporates 10 attributes in the following three dimensions: "identifying the extent to which residents' basic needs are being fulfilled," "determining how residents achieve friendly relationships with others," and "determining how each resident creates a harmonious view of his or her life." Intervention incorporates nine attributes in the following two dimensions: "helping residents develop a positive view of life" and "helping residents make the best use of their remaining functional abilities." CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: By managing the ego integrity of residents, nurses have a significant influence on residents' sociopsychological adaptation, especially in the challenging environment of a nursing home. This study supports that managing the ego integrity of residents of nursing homes is an important and practical component of the role played by nurses and of the aid and care they provide. Furthermore, the findings verify the effectiveness of intervention studies in examining assessment tools and developing guidelines for ego-integrity management.
Asunto(s)
Formación de Concepto , Ego , Pacientes/psicología , Administración de Personal/métodos , Humanos , Casas de Salud/organización & administración , Casas de Salud/normas , Administración de Personal/normas , Administración de Personal/tendencias , República de CoreaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The primary aim of this study was to assess the utility of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c to identify diabetes by the 2-hour plasma glucose (PG) criterion in the Korean population at high risk for diabetes. METHODS: A total of 1646 participants with a body mass index of ≥23 kg/m2 without having a history of diabetes were recruited in this study. The cut-off values of FPG and HbA1c for detecting diabetes were identified using the Youden index using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The gold standard for diabetes prediction was defined by the 2-hour PG level of ≥200 mg/dL. RESULTS: The participants comprised 54.0% women, and the mean age of all participants was 55.0 ± 8.1 years. At baseline, FPG was 104.1 ± 14.2 mg/dL, the 2-hour PG value was 162.9 ± 55.3 mg/dL, and HbA1c was 5.9% ± 0.5%. Four hundred and forty-six subjects (27.1%) were diagnosed with diabetes and 976 subjects (59.3%) were determined to be at prediabetes. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of FPG and HbA1c for diabetes were 0.776 and 0.802, while the AUC of FPG and HbA1c for prediabetes were 0.515 and 0.477. The optimal cut-off value for diagnosing diabetes of FPG and HbA1c were 104.5 mg/dL (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 67.5%) and 5.9% (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 63.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FPG of 104.5 mg/dL and HbA1c value of 5.9% (41 mmol/mol) can be used as an optimal screening value for diabetes by 2-hour PG criterion in the Korean population at high risk for diabetes.
RESUMEN
Lassa fever virus (LASV) is endemic in West Africa and causes severe hemorrhagic fever and sensorineural hearing loss. We identified a small molecule inhibitor of LASV and used it to analyze the mechanism of entry. Using a photo-reactive analog that retains antiviral activity as a probe, we identified the inhibitor target as lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a host factor that binds to the LASV glycoprotein (GP) during infection. We found that LAMP1 binding to LASV GP is cholesterol-dependent, and that the inhibitor blocks infection by competing with cholesterol in LAMP1. Mutational analysis of a docking-based model identified a putative inhibitor binding site in the cholesterol-binding pocket within the LAMP1 domain that binds GP. These findings identify a critical role for cholesterol in LASV entry and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Asunto(s)
Colesterol/metabolismo , Virus Lassa/fisiología , Virus Lassa/patogenicidad , Proteínas de Membrana de los Lisosomas/fisiología , Receptores Virales/fisiología , Adamantano/análogos & derivados , Adamantano/química , Adamantano/farmacología , Animales , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Línea Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células HEK293 , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/fisiología , Humanos , Fiebre de Lassa/etiología , Virus Lassa/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Membrana de los Lisosomas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas de Membrana de los Lisosomas/genética , Modelos Moleculares , Mutación , Estabilidad Proteica , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Receptores Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Virales/genética , Células Vero , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/química , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genética , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/fisiología , Internalización del Virus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The Ebola virus is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with up to 90% lethality. The deadly 2014 Ebola outbreak quickly made an unprecedented impact on human lives. While several vaccines and therapeutics are under development, current approaches contain several limitations, such as virus mutational escape, need for formulation or refrigeration, poor scalability, long lead-time, and high cost. To address these challenges, we developed locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target critical Ebola viral proteins and the human intracellular host protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), required for viral entry into infected cells. We generated noninfectious viral luciferase reporter assays to identify LNA ASOs that inhibit translation of Ebola viral proteins in vitro and in human cells. We demonstrated specific inhibition of key Ebola genes VP24 and nucleoprotein, which inhibit a proper immune response and promote Ebola virus replication, respectively. We also identified LNA ASOs targeting human host factor NPC1 and demonstrated reduced infection by chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus harboring the Ebola glycoprotein, which directly binds to NPC1 for viral infection. These results support further in vivo testing of LNA ASOs in infectious Ebola virus disease animal models as potential therapeutic modalities for treatment of Ebola.
Asunto(s)
Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/genética , Proteína Niemann-Pick C1/genética , Oligonucleótidos Antisentido/genética , Proteínas Virales/genética , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ebolavirus/genética , Ebolavirus/patogenicidad , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/terapia , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/virología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata/genética , Ratones , Proteína Niemann-Pick C1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Nucleoproteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Nucleoproteínas/genética , Oligonucleótidos/genética , Oligonucleótidos/uso terapéutico , Oligonucleótidos Antisentido/uso terapéutico , Primates/virología , Proteínas Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Replicación Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate behavioral factors that contribute to the development of obesity among overweight children. METHODS: Among a community sample of 884 children aged 9-13 years, 833 children completed a baseline and 1-year follow-up examination that included anthropometrics, physical fitness, and behavioral factors. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, BMI for most children with normal weight or obesity did not change. However, among overweight children (n = 100), about one-third developed obesity (n = 26), while the others were categorized as normal weight (n = 32) or overweight (n = 42) after 1 year. Characteristics of overweight children at baseline and follow-up were analyzed. Those who developed obesity showed a notable increase in blood pressure as well as in BMI, waist circumference, and body fat over 1 year. At baseline, this group spent more time studying after school compared to overweight children who did not develop obesity, while there were no differences in time spent viewing television or engaging in vigorous physical activity. Eating outside the home, fast food consumption, and habitual eating in the absence of hunger were more common at baseline in those who did versus those who did not develop obesity. After adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, spending more time studying after school and habitual eating without hunger were associated with the development of obesity. CONCLUSION: Among Korean overweight children, study time after school and habitual eating without hunger were associated with an increased risk for development of obesity.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Peso Corporal/fisiología , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Sedestación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
AIM: To discover the structure of the frames of reference for nursing home staff members' subjective judgment of residents' achievement of ego integrity. METHODS: Q-methodology was applied. Twenty-eight staff members who were working in a nursing home sorted 34 Q-statements into the shape of a normal distribution. RESULTS: A centroid factor analysis and varimax rotation, using the PQ-method program, revealed four factors: identifying clues to residents' positive acceptance of their whole life span, identifying residents' ways of enjoying their current life, referencing residents' attitudes and competencies toward harmonious relationships, and identifying residents' integrated efforts to establish self-esteem. CONCLUSION: These subjective frames of reference need to be investigated in order to improve the relationships with nursing home residents and their quality of life. Consequently, the fundamental monitoring tools to help staff members make subjective judgments can be formed.
Asunto(s)
Ego , Personal de Salud/psicología , Pacientes Internos/psicología , Casas de Salud/organización & administración , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , AutoeficaciaRESUMEN
AIM: The bedridden elderly with moderate-to-severe dementia account for a large proportion of the residents in nursing homes and form a specialized group requiring customized care in order to encourage their remaining functions, which determine the quality of their residual life. The purpose of this study was to search for ways to invigorate and foster the remaining functions of this complex-disability group, based on practical nursing strategies in nursing homes. METHODS: The qualitative thematic analysis was done by conducting in-depth interviews with 29 nurses working at 11 different nursing homes in South Korea. RESULTS: This study proposed four main themes and 19 sub themes as keys for providing specialized nursing care to the elderly with physical and cognitive disabilities. The main themes encourage the residents' remaining functions: (i) accurate identification of an elderly resident's physical, cognitive, and behavioral baseline is necessary in order to determine their functional levels; (ii) nurses provide meticulous management to support the remaining functions in order to prevent further deterioration; (iii) optimized know-how, based on accumulated experience and knowledge, is reflected in nursing strategies that maximize the effects of nursing interventions; and (iv) steady compliance with nursing guidelines and standards in nursing homes creates the best therapeutic environment and brings unexpected positive changes in the elderly's status. CONCLUSION: A practical nursing strategy to target the group with a demented and complex disability in nursing homes was developed through thematic analysis of the empirical knowledge of nurses. The findings provide new insights for developing specialized nursing interventions and practical nursing models in long-term care facilities.