RESUMEN
Caffeine is considered a widely consumed natural and legal psychoactive stimulant with several effects on the body. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of caffeine consumed before and after a physical exercise on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory functions in healthy adults. 36 healthy adult males were recruited and randomly allocated to one of the three (3) groups: group I (exercise without caffeine consumption), group II (caffeine beverage intake before exercise), and group III (caffeine beverage intake immediately after exercise). The heart rate (HR), QTc interval, blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbon dioxide emission (VCO2) were measured at 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after the exercise. We observed a significant difference in all measured outcomes during the different recovery times in all the groups (p < 0.05). HR, RR, SBP, VO2, and VCO2 gradually decreased with time, DBP contrarily increased with time, and the QTc showed an irregular pattern. We can affirm that ingestion of caffeine before and after moderate aerobic exercise slows down the parasympathetic stimulation, heart rate recovery, and the recovery of HR and QTc with no major effects on BP, RR, VO2, and VCO2 in healthy adult men.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Cafeína/farmacología , Ejercicio Físico , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Busan is reported to have the highest mortality rate among 16 provinces in Korea, as well as considerable health inequality across its districts. This study sought to examine overall and cause-specific mortality and deprivation at the town level in Busan, thereby identifying towns and causes of deaths to be targeted for improving overall health and alleviating health inequality. METHODS: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause and four specific leading causes of death were calculated at the town level in Busan for the years 2005 through 2008. To construct a deprivation index, principal components and factor analysis were adopted, using 10% sample data from the 2005 census. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping techniques were applied to compare spatial distributions between the deprivation index and SMRs. We fitted the Gaussian conditional autoregressive model (CAR) to estimate the relative risks of mortality by deprivation level, controlling for both the heterogeneity effect and spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS: The SMRs of towns in Busan averaged 100.3, ranging from 70.7 to 139.8. In old inner cities and towns reclaimed for replaced households, the deprivation index and SMRs were relatively high. CAR modeling showed that gaps in SMRs for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and physical injury were particularly high. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that more deprived towns are likely to have higher mortality, in particular from cardiovascular disease and physical injury. To improve overall health status and address health inequality, such deprived towns should be targeted.
Asunto(s)
Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Mortalidad/tendencias , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Causas de Muerte , Intervalos de Confianza , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico)/epidemiología , Esperanza de Vida , Distribución Normal , Análisis de Regresión , Riesgo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We conducted an epidemiologic survey to evaluate the effect of the aircraft noise exposure on the health of the residents near the military airbases in Pyeongtaek City. METHODS: The evaluation of environmental noise level, questionnaire survey, and health examination were performed for 917 residents. The study population consisted of four groups: subjects who lived in the village close to the fighter airbase (high exposure), subjects who lived along the course of fighters (intermediate exposure), and subjects near a helicopter airbase, and the control group. RESULTS: The prevalence of the aircraft noise related accident and irritable bowel syndrome in the exposure groups were higher than that of the control group. The risks of noise induced hearing loss, hypertension and diabetes mellitus were higher in the exposed groups than in the control group. The prevalence of anxiety disorder and primary insomnia were higher in the exposed groups than in the control group. Prevalence odd ratios of the risk for primary insomnia after adjusting age, sex, agricultural noise, and occupation were 4.03 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.56-10.47] for the subject near the helicopter airbase, 1.23 (95% CI 0.40-3.76) for those intermediately exposed to fighter noise, and 4.99 (95% CI 2.14-11.64) for those highly exposed to fighter noise. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the aircraft noise may have adverse effects on hearing function, cardiovascular health and mental health. Therefore, it seems to be needed to take proper measures including the control of the aircraft noise and the management of the exposed people's health.
Asunto(s)
Aviación , Estado de Salud , Personal Militar , Ruido del Transporte/efectos adversos , Características de la Residencia , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico)/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept,Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. RESULTS: Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between PM10 and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. PM10 was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with PM10 in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest PM10 category (>or=70 microgram/m3), compared to the referent category (<50 microgram/m3). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM10 was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of PM10 using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.