RESUMEN

Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting almost half of the world's population. Despite its high prevalence, the exact pathophysiology is not well established and is understood to be multifactorial, with factors such as fungal colonization, sebaceous gland activity and individual factors being implicated. There is a need for an effective and safe shampoo that can target the above factors. Hence, we have developed a shampoo formulation with properties of oil control, moisturizing, non-irritative, anti-fungal, anti-microbial and itch-relieving. In this interventional, open-label study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of this shampoo in reducing the clinical signs of dandruff and pruritus in patients with pre-existing mild-to-moderate dandruff over a course of 21-day treatment duration through self-assessment and objective clinical evaluations. After continued use of the shampoo, there was a significant decrease in the adherent and loose scalp flaking scores. Mean pruritus scores also decreased significantly across the 21-day time points. There were also no adverse events or skin intolerances reported. This study showed that our shampoo formulation has led to a significant reduction in both adherent and loose scalp flaking and pruritus when used in individuals suffering from mild to moderate dandruff. As such, it is an ideal shampoo, which can be used to effectively control dandruff.

Les pellicules sont une affection courante du cuir chevelu qui touche près de la moitié de la population mondiale. Malgré sa prévalence élevée, la physiopathologie exacte n'est pas bien établie et est comprise comme étant multifactorielle, avec des facteurs impliqués tels que la colonisation fongique, l'activité des glandes sébacées et des facteurs individuels. Un shampooing sûr et efficace pouvant cibler les facteurs évoqués ci-dessus est nécessaire. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une formulation de shampooing présentant des propriétés de contrôle du sébum, d'hydratation, non irritante, antifongique, antimicrobienne et de soulagement des démangeaisons. Dans cette essaie interventionnelle ouvert, nous avons évalué l'efficacité et la sécurité d'emploi de ce shampooing dans la réduction des signes cliniques de pellicules et de prurit chez des patients présentant des pellicules préexistantes légères à modérées sur une durée de traitement de 21 jours par le biais d'auto-évaluations et d'évaluations cliniques objectives. Après une utilisation continue du shampooing, une diminution significative des scores de squames adhérents et d'excoriation du cuir chevelu a été observée. Les scores de prurit moyens ont également significativement diminué tout au long de la période de 21 jours. De même, aucun événement indésirable ou intolérance cutanée n'a été rapporté. Cette étude a montré que notre formulation de shampooing a entraîné une réduction significative des squames adhérents, de l'excoriation du cuir chevelu et du prurit lorsqu'elle est utilisée chez des personnes souffrant de pellicules légères ou modérées. Il s'agit donc d'un shampooing idéal qui peut être utilisé pour contrôler efficacement les pellicules.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Given the protective roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D or vitamin D) in musculoskeletal health and the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases, intensive repletion of vitamin D has been widely advocated. Of note, CD8 T cells have the highest levels of the vitamin D receptor compared with other major immune cells. The effects of vitamin D on CD8 T cells during aging, however, remain unclear. This study determined the relationship between vitamin D levels and CD8 T-cell status in 34 healthy female subjects (all >60 years old). The CD8 T cell phenotype was defined by the surface expression of CD28 and CD95. The low-25(OH)D serum groups (≤30 ng/ml) had higher percentages of CD28+CD95-CD8+ (naïve) T cells and lower percentages of CD28+CD95+CD8+ (effector) T cells. By contrast, subjects with high levels of 25(OH)D had very low percentages of naïve CD8 T cells but very high percentages of effector CD8 T cells. There was a significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the frequency of naïve CD8 T cells. The results show that higher levels of vitamin D are correlated with decreased frequencies of naïve CD8 T cells during early aging, suggesting that higher levels of 25(OH)D accelerate CD8 T-cell senescence. These results warrant the further evaluation of the effects of vitamin D supplementation in immune aging.

RESUMEN

Research into the age-associated decline in the immune system has focused on the factors that contribute to the accumulation of senescent CD8 T cells. Less attention has been paid to the non-immune factors that may maintain the pool of naïve CD8 T cells. Here, we analyzed the status of the naïve CD8 T-cell population in healthy nonagenarians (>or=90-year-old), old (60-79-year-old), and young (20-34-year-old) subjects. Naïve CD8 T cells were defined as CD28(+)CD95(-) as this phenotype showed a strong co-expression of the CD45RA(+), CD45RO(-), and CD127(+) phenotypes. Although there was an age-associated decline in the percentage of CD28(+)CD95(-) CD8 T cells, the healthy nonagenarians maintained a pool of naïve CD28(+)CD95(-) cells that contained T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC)(+) cells. The percentages of naïve CD28(+)CD95(-) CD8 T cells in the nonagenarians correlated with the sera levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and leptin. Higher levels of triiodothyronine (T3) negatively correlated with the accumulation of TREC(-)CD28(-)CD95(+) CD8 T cells from nonagenarians. These results suggest a model in which IGFBP3, leptin and T3 act as non-immune factors to maintain a larger pool of naïve CD8 T cells in healthy nonagenarians.

Asunto(s)