RESUMEN

We report two new cyanido-bridged Fe(II)-Ag(I) coordination polymers using different acetylpyridine isomers, {Fe(4acpy)2[Ag(CN)2]2} 1 and {Fe(3acpy)[Ag(CN)2]2} 2 (4acpy = 4-acetylpyridine; 3acpy = 3-acetylpyridine) displaying thermally and photoinduced spin crossover (SCO). In both cases, the acetylpyridine ligand directs the coordination polymer structure and the SCO of the materials. Using 4-acetylpyridine, a two-dimensional (2D) structure is observed in 1 made of layers stacked on each other by silver-ketone interactions leading to a complete SCO and reversible thermally and photoswitching of the magnetic and optical properties. Changing the acetyl group to a 3-position, a completely different structure is obtained for 2. The unexpected coordination of the carbonyl group to the Fe(II) centers induces a three-dimensional (3D) structure, leading to statistical disorder around the Fe(II) with three different coordination spheres, [N6], [N4O2], and [N5O]. This disorder gives rise to an incomplete thermally induced SCO with a poor photoswitchability. These results demonstrate that the choice of the acetyl position on the pyridine dictates the structural characteristics of the compounds with a direct impact on the SCO behavior. Remarkably, this work opens interesting perspectives for the future design of Fe-Ag cyanido coordination polymers with judiciously substituted pyridine ligands to tune the thermally and photoinduced SCO properties.

RESUMEN

In this study, we explore the effect of a single flat band in the electronic properties of a ferromagnetic two-dimensional Lieb lattice using the multiband Hubbard model with polarized carriers, spin-up and spin-down. We employ the self-consistent dynamical mean field theory and a Green functions cumulant expansion around the atomic limit to obtain the correlated densities of states while varying the intra- and interband interactions. Our findings demonstrate a renormalization of the correlated density of states in both the spin-up and spin-down carriers as we varied the intra- and interband interactions. We conclude that the presence of a flat band enables the system to maintain a metal state with itinerant ferromagnetism in the spin-up carrier.

RESUMEN

We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire in four different samples: two general adult populations (N = 1,548, N = 964), one adolescent population (N = 1,044), and young people with depressive symptomatology (N = 307). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed with subsamples from Studies 1 (n = 773) and 2 (n = 527), finding that the two- and three-factor solutions had a good fit. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor solution resulted in an adequate fit in a second set of subsamples from both studies (n = 775, n = 517). In Study 3, we found good convergent and divergent validity with adequate and significant correlations found for depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and neuroticism and extroversion (Big Five Inventory). In Study 4, the results of an EFA performed in a subsample (n = 154) found that the two- and three-factor solutions were appropriate with the former solution being confirmed in a second subsample (n = 153). Reliability was α = .85 for positive affect and α = .87 for negative affect. The PANAS questionnaire showed adequate indicators of validity and reliability in adult and adolescent populations as well as in a sample with depressive symptoms.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumen El estudio del bienestar ha cobrado creciente relevancia dada su relación con estados psicológicos como la ansiedad, depresión, estrés y también la salud. Sin embargo, se cuenta con pocas propuestas explicativas del bienestar, así como validación empírica transcultural de estos. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la inclusión de una variable contextual cultural sobre un modelo explicativo de bienestar, específicamente si las creencias religiosas moderan el efecto mediador de los afectos positivos sobre la relación optimismo y salud. La muestra de este estudio consistió en 529 participantes de dos países latinoamericanos (285 de Chile y 244 de Colombia). Los resultados indican que en ambos países hay un efecto significativo del optimismo sobre la percepción de salud mediado por los afectos positivos. Sin embargo, las creencias religiosas no ejercen un efecto significativo sobre la intensidad de las relaciones entre las variables del modelo de base. La importancia de los factores culturales y de los estudios transculturales sobre el bienestar son presentados y discutidos.

Abstract The study of well-being has gained increasing relevance given its relationship with psychological states such as anxiety, depression, stress, as well as health. Nonetheless, there are few explanatory proposals on well-being, or any empirical cross-cultural validation of these. The present study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of a cultural contextual variable on an explanatory model of well-being, specifically on whether religious beliefs moderate the mediating effect of the positive affects on the relationship between optimism and health. The sample of this study consisted of 529 participants from two Latin American countries (285 from Chile and 244 from Colombia). The results indicate that, in both countries, there is a significant effect of optimism on the perception of health mediated by positive affects. However, religious beliefs do not exert a significant effect on the intensity of the relationships between the variables of the base model. The importance of cultural factors and cross-cultural studies on well-being are presented and discussed.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El presente estudio evalúa las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de bienestar sexual subjetivo en jóvenes y adultos chilenos residentes en Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la versión de la escala traducida al español a una muestra de 661 jóvenes y adultos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 54 años que no reportaron alguna enfermedad mental o física. El 49% de la muestra estuvo conformada por mujeres y el 51% por hombres. Las propiedades psicométricas y confiabilidad fueron evaluadas mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y alpha de Cronbach. La estructura factorial óptima del cuestionario fue la de un factor con 4 ítems y presenta una confiabilidad adecuada (α= .73), aunque el ítem 4 presenta cargas factoriales bajas. Los resultados indican que la versión chilena del cuestionario de bienestar sexual subjetivo es un instrumento autoadministrado válido y confiable para evaluar el bienestar en el ámbito sexual de mujeres y hombres sin reporte de enfermedad física o mental.

The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of subjective sexual well-being questionnaire in young and adult Chileans who residing in Santiago. The version of the scale translated into Spanish, was applied to a sample of 661 young and adults people between the ages of 18 and 54 who did not report any mental or physical illness. 49% of the sample was women and 51% of men. The psychometric properties and reliability were evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis and Cronbach's alpha. The optimal factorial structure of the questionnaire was one factor with 4 items and had adequate reliability (α = .73), although item 4 had low factor loadings. The results indicate that the version of the subjective sexual well-being questionnaire is a valid and reliable self-administered instrument to evaluate the sexual well-being of women and men without reports of physical or mental illness.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The perception of colour and its subjective effects are key issues to designing safe and enjoyable bike lanes. This paper addresses the relationship between the colours of bike lane interventions-in particular pavement painting and intersection design-and the subjective evaluation of liking, visual saliency, and perceived safety related to such an intervention. Utilising images of three real bike lane intersections modified by software to change their colour (five in total), this study recruited 538 participants to assess their perception of all fifteen colour-design combinations. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess the effect of the main conditions (colour and design) on the dependent variables (liking towards the intervention, level of visual saliency of the intersection, and perceived safety of the bike lane). The results showed that the colour red was more positively associated to the outcome variables, followed by yellow and blue. Additionally, it was observed that the effect of colour widely outweighs the effect of design, suggesting that the right choice and use of colour would increase the effectiveness on bike-lanes pavement interventions. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Research on sexuality has traditionally focused on sexual satisfaction, with studies into subjective sexual well-being being a recent phenomenon. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between sexual behavior, happiness, health, and subjective sexual well-being. The data were collected from 862 people aged between 18 and 50 years in Santiago, Chile, and were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The results showed that sexual behavioral indicators (sexual frequency, sexual caresses, and touching), happiness, and perception of health taken as a whole predicted 47.4% of subjective sexual well-being (SSWB). Analysis of the four items of subjective sexual well-being separately showed that the dimension of physical satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators with a prediction percentage of 33.5%, whereas emotional satisfaction was associated with three variables of sexual behavior indicators and happiness, with a percentage of prediction of 43.3%. Satisfaction with sexual function was associated with perception of health and one sexual behavior indicator, with a prediction percentage of 29.2% of this variable. The importance of sex was associated with three sexual behavior variables that predicted 26.2% of this variable. The results confirm that subjective sexual well-being can be predicted and that its four dimensions present a different behavior compared to the study predictors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Association between indexes of socioeconomic status, satisfaction with income and status, and psychological well-being (PWB) was examined in a representative sample of Chileans. Results confirm a positive association between socioeconomic status and satisfaction with income and status and PWB. Associations were stronger with PWB facets related to relational, control and self-esteem processes, and weaker with purpose of life, growth and autonomy. Structural equation modeling confirmed a direct significant coefficient of socioeconomic status on PWB, as well as an indirect significant path through satisfaction with income and status. Control for satisfaction with socioeconomic status and purchase power reduced but did not eliminate the effect of socioeconomic status on PWB. Results are consistent with a direct effect model of socio-structural position on well-being, but also with the relevance of satisfaction with social position as an appraisal process to indicate high psychological well-being.

Se estudió la asociación entre nivel socioeconómico, satisfacción con los ingresos, estatus económico, y el bienestar psicológico, en una muestra representativa de chilenos. Los resultados confirman una asociación positiva entre el nivel socioeconómico, la satisfacción con el ingreso, estatus económico y el bienestar psicológico. Las asociaciones fueron más fuertes con las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico, relaciones con el entorno, y autoestima, y más débil con las dimensiones de propósito con vida, crecimiento personal y autonomía. Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirmaron con indicadores de ajuste significativo la relación entre la situación socioeconómica y el bienestar psicológico, así como una trayectoria significativa indirecta a través de la satisfacción con los ingresos y el estatus económico. Al controlar el poder adquisitivo en su relación con satisfacción con el ingreso, redujo su efecto, pero no eliminó el efecto del nivel socioeconómico sobre el bienestar psicológico. Los resultados son consistentes con un modelo de efecto directo de la relación entre situación económica y bienestar. Se presenta la importancia de la satisfacción con el ingreso y el estatutos como predictores del bienestar psicológico.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La disponibilidad de técnicas que permiten el análisis de gran cantidad de datos, entrega la posibilidad de realizar estudios que permiten caracterizar el desarrollo y la evolución de la ciencia psicológica a través de parámetros objetivos, entregando perfiles de las principales tendencias. Se presenta un enfoque hibrido basado en análisis cientométrico y una interpretación de comunidades bibliográficas basadas en la proporción de referencias compartidas (Grawin, 2012) de artículos iberoamericanos en la base de datos Web of Knowledge. Los resultados arrojan una concentración de la investigación en Depresión (9 por ciento) y Demencia-Alzheimer (8 por ciento), así como una fuerte orientación cuantitativa a través de la validación y uso de instrumentos psicométricos. Mientras España produce 54 por ciento de la ciencia y lidera 44 por ciento de la producción más influyente (citada), Latinoamérica produce 37 por ciento y lidera 13 por ciento (Brasil 10 por ciento, Chile 1 por ciento, Argentina 1 por ciento, Colombia 1 por ciento). Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados, así como las consecuencias y futuras aplicaciones de estas herramientas para practicantes e investigadores.

The availability of techniques that allows the analysis of large quantities of data permits the construction of studies that can characterize the development and evolution of the psychological science through objective parameters, delivering profiles of the main trends. In this article we present a hybrid approach, based on a scientometric analysis and an interpretation of bibliographic communities based on the proportion of shared references (Grawin, 2012) of iberoamerican articles within the Web of Knowledge database. The results show a strong concentration of research on Depression (9 percent) and Alzheimer (8 percent), as a heavy use of quantitative and psychometric approaches. While Spain produces 54 percent of the science and leads 44 percent of the most influential (cited) production, Latin America produces 37 percent and leads 13 percent (Brasil 10 percent, Chile 1percent, Argentina 1percent, Colombia 1 percent). The repercussions of the results are discussed, as the consequences and future applications of these tools for practitioners and researchers.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The relationship between happiness and socio-demographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status, educational level) was examinated, this with a Latin American sample and its association with Subjective wellbeing given the controversial empirical evidence of their relationship. We surveyed a total of 520 people (300 women and 220 men) between the ages of 18 and 29 with an average of 21.26 years and a standard deviation of 2.47 to answer the subjective happiness scale. The happiness variable was categorized, and the subjects were reorganized in happy and non-happy groups. From the use of main component analysis and logistic regressions, the main results show that variables which best characterize the happiness levels are age and socioeconomic status. Specifically, the results indicate that higher age within the sample, predicts lower levels of happiness. On the other side, at a higher socioeconomic level, people are happier. In addition, there are no differences between genders.

Se evaluó la relación entre felicidad y variables socio-demográficas (edad, sexo, estatus socioeconómico, nivel educativo) y su asociación con bienestar subjetivo en una muestra latinoamericana encontrando evidencia empírica controversial de su relación. Se encuestó un total de 520 persona (300 mujeres y 220 hombres) con edades entre los 18 y 29 años, con una media de 21.26 años, y una desviación estándar de 2.47 quienes respondieron la escala de felicidad subjetiva. La variable felicidad fue categorizada, y los participantes fueron clasificados en dos grupos: felices y no felices. Se analizaron los datos con un Análisis de Componentes Principales y Regresiones Logísticas, los principales resultados muestran que las variables que mejor caracterizan los niveles de felicidad son la edad y estatus socioeconómico. Puntualmente, los resultados indican que una mayor edad predice bajos niveles de felicidad. Por otra parte, a un mayor estatus socioeconómico mayor felicidad reportada. No se encontraron diferencias entre los géneros de los participantes.

RESUMEN

La producción de ciencia es uno de los factores críticos de desarrollo para los países. Tradicionalmente, en Latinoamérica, los indicadores de desarrollo de la ciencia en términos de publicaciones e impacto se encuentran más alejados de los estándares de países con mayor desarrollo científico y tecnológico. Se evaluaron estos indicadores en general y específicamente en Psicología, mediante un análisis de la productividad latinoamericana de artículos científicos entre 1996 y 2008 en las bases SCOPUS y Web of Science de Thomson Reuters. Se identificaron las macrotendencias que han guiado el desarrollo de la Ciencia y Psicología en países e instituciones así como el impacto de las publicaciones. Los resultados sugieren que Brasil, México, Argentina, Chile y Colombia tienen los mejores indicadores en términos de producción e impacto, tanto en ciencia como en Psicología. Chile, Argentina y Brasil son los países más productivos por millón de habitantes.

Science production is one of the critical factors for country development. In Latin America, science development indicators in terms of publications and impact are traditionally far from the standards in countries with further scientific and technological development. These indicators, both in general and in Psychology, were evaluated in this study, through an analysis of Latin- American productivity of scientific articles between 1996 and 2008 in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Macro-trends that guided the development of science and Psychology in countries and institutions were identified, as the scientific impact of the publications. Results suggest that Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia have the best indicators in terms of production and impact, both in science and Psychology. Chile, Argentina and Brazil are the most productive countries per million inhabitants.

RESUMEN

En el presente estudio se analiza la investigación en Psicología Clínica Chilena. Para esto se revisó la producción científica basada en los artículos científicos realizada por autores chilenos. Se seleccionaron autores de Base de Datos Fondecyt (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Teconlógico) de los proyectos en Psicología Clínica, además de los autores chilenos que han publicado en Terapia Psicológica (principal revista chilena en Psicología Clínica) durante los años 2000 a 2006. Estos autores fueron analizados por medio de la base de datos ISI Web of Science y PsycINFO (APA). Los principales resultados muestran una tendencia al alza en la producción chilena en ambas bases de datos. Sin embargo esta producción esta limitada principalmente a unas pocas instituciones. Las instituciones más productivas en la base ISI es la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Universidad Católica y Universidad de Chile. En producción en PsycINFO las instituciones más productivas son la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Universidad Católica y Universidad de Concepción.

Asunto(s)