RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Implant infection and obstruction are major complications for ventriculoperitoneal shunts in patients with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. In an effort to (1) reduce the incidence of these complications, (2) reduce the rate of shunt failure and (3) shorten the duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation, we have implemented valveless ventriculoperitoneal shunts at our department for adult patients with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus and haemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid at the time of shunt insertion. METHODS: All adult patients (>18 years old) treated for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus with ventriculoperitoneal shunting at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included in this retrospective population-based consecutive cohort study. Data were collected by retrospectively reviewing medical records. We compared two different shunt modalities (valveless vs valve-regulated), analysing frequencies of complications, shunt survival and duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients aged 22-86 (mean age, 60.5 ± 11.5 years) were included, comprising 137 valveless and 77 valve-regulated shunts. We found no difference in the rate of surgical shunt revision (p = 0.65) or differences in time interval from insertion to first surgical revision (p = 0.31) between the two shunt modalities. The duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation was shorter for patients receiving a valveless shunt (p = 0.004). Patients with valveless shunts had a lower rate of shunt infection (5.1 % vs 14.3 %, p = 0.02), but a higher rate of overdrainage (10.3 % vs 2.6 %, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The use of a valveless shunting for patients with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus results in shorter duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation and lower rate of shunt infection, although these advantages should be held up against the risk of overdrainage. We propose valveless shunting to be used as first-line shunting strategy in this patient category, with careful follow-up ensuring that these are substituted by a valve-bearing system if necessary.
Asunto(s)
Hidrocefalia/terapia , Hemorragias Intracraneales/complicaciones , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/instrumentación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Determinación de Punto Final , Diseño de Equipo , Falla de Equipo/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Hemorragias Intracraneales/terapia , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Reoperación/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Derivación Ventriculoperitoneal/efectos adversos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is important in the optimal treatment of various neurological and neurosurgical diseases. Telemetric ICP monitoring allows long-term measurements in the patient's everyday life and the possibility to perform additional measurements without the procedure related risks of repeated transducer insertions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified all patients in our clinic with an implanted Raumedic(®) telemetric ICP probe (NEUROVENT(®)-P-tel). For each patient we identified diagnosis, indication for implantation, surgical complications, duration of ICP reading, number of ICP recording sessions (in relation to symptoms of increased ICP) and their clinical consequence. RESULTS: We included 21 patients in the evaluation (11 female and 10 male). Median age was 28 (2-83) years and median duration of disease was 11 (0-30) years. Eleven patients had various kinds of hydrocephalus, seven patients had idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and three patients had normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Fifteen patients had a shunt prior to implantation. Median duration of implantation was 248 (49-666) days and median duration from implantation to last recording session was 154 (8-433) days. In total, 86 recording sessions were performed; 29 resulted in surgical shunt revision, 30 in change of acetazolamide dose or programmable valve setting, 20 required no action and 5 resulted in a new recording session. No surgical complications occurred, except for late wound infection at the surgical site in two patients. CONCLUSION: Telemetric ICP monitoring is useful in patients with complicated CSF dynamic disturbances who would otherwise require repeated invasive pressure monitoring. It seems to be a feasible method to guide adjustment of programmable valve settings and to identify patients with chronic or repeated shunt problems.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial/normas , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico , Hipertensión Intracraneal/diagnóstico , Presión Intracraneal/fisiología , Prótesis e Implantes , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica , Telemetría/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial/métodos , Niño , Preescolar , Dinamarca , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prótesis e Implantes/efectos adversos , Telemetría/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to increase the risk of death in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results and no data exist to explain the underlying cause of higher death rates in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients with first acute MI between 1997 and 2009 in Denmark, without prior AF, were identified from Danish nationwide administrative registers. The impact of new-onset AF on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, fatal/nonfatal stroke, fatal/nonfatal re-infarction and noncardiovascular death, were analyzed by multiple time-dependent Cox models and additionally in propensity score matched analysis. In 89 703 patients with an average follow-up of 5.0 ± 3.5 years event rates were higher in patients developing AF (n=10 708) versus those staying in sinus-rhythm (n=78 992): all-cause mortality 173.9 versus 69.4 per 1000 person-years, cardiovascular death 137.2 versus 50.0 per 1000 person-years, fatal/nonfatal stroke 19.6/19.9 versus 6.2/5.6 per 1000 person-years, fatal/nonfatal re-infarction 29.0/60.7 versus 14.2/37.9 per 1000 person-years. In time-dependent multiple Cox analyses, new-onset AF remained predictive of increased all-cause mortality (HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.8 to 2.0]), cardiovascular death (HR: 2.1 [2.0 to 2.2]), fatal/nonfatal stroke (HR: 2.3 [2.1 to 2.6]/HR: 2.5 [2.2 to 2.7]), fatal/nonfatal re-infarction (HR: 1.7 [1.6 to 1.8]/HR: 1.8 [1.7 to 1.9]), and non- cardiovascular death (HR: 1.4 [1.3 to 1.5]) all P<0.001). Propensity-score matched analyses yielded nearly identical results (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: New-onset AF after first-time MI is associated with increased mortality, which is largely explained by more cardiovascular deaths. Focus on the prognostic impact of post-infarct AF is warranted.