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OBJECTIVE: The present observational study has the aim to describe the nutritional habits and adherence to Mediterranean diet within a dietary intervention performed by North Naples 2 Local Health Unit in some areas of Campania region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire which takes in consideration several kinds of food and the related daily or weekly portions has been administered to people evaluated in the study. An increased score reflects an increased adherence to Mediterranean diet. Patients have been grouped by age, body mass index, education, socio-economic level, income, and score reported to the administered survey. Nutritional intervention has also been evaluated as concerns weight reduction during time. RESULTS: Surveys were administered to 200 patients aged from 12 to 79 years from 21 November 2018 to 27 November 2019. Obese patients were 61.5% in this population. 67.7% of obese people participating to this study had primary/lower secondary school education. 61.5% of study population have been categorized as having a low or low-medium socio-economic level and 68% of them were obese. An intermediate adherence to Mediterranean Diet has been the most represented (76.5%), a significant difference has been found among the groups normal weight, overweight and obese for the variables age, education and income. Obese patients in the present study had metabolic diseases more frequently than normal-weight patients. CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of obese people requesting nutritional counseling showed intermediate/bad adherence to Mediterranean Diet, reflecting the diffuse change from Mediterranean Diet to Western habits in nutrition. The nutritional intervention was found to be effective, especially for overweight patients. These data underline the need for further larger epidemiological analysis and public health interventions.

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INTRODUCTION: The identification, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) show significant differences between health care professionals in Argentina. AIM: To provide consensus recommendations on the management of patients with SPMS in Argentina to optimize patient care. DEVELOPMENT: A panel of expert neurologists from Argentina dedicated to the diagnosis and care of multiple sclerosis patients gathered during 2019 and 2020 to carry out a consensus recommendation on the diagnosis and treatment of SPMS patients in Argentina. To achieve consensus, the methodology of 'formal consensus-RAND/UCLA method' was used. Recommendations were established based on published evidence and the expert opinion. Recommendations focused on how to define SPMS and how to follow SPMS patients. CONCLUSION: The recommendations of this consensus guidelines attempt to optimize the care of SPMS patients in Argentina.

TITLE: Consenso sobre la identificación y seguimiento de la esclerosis múltiple secundaria progresiva en Argentina.Introducción. Existen diferencias significativas en el diagnóstico, la identificación y el seguimiento de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple secundaria progresiva (EMSP) entre los profesionales de la salud a cargo de su tratamiento. Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de los pacientes con EMSP en Argentina con el fin de optimizar su cuidado. Desarrollo. Un grupo de neurólogos expertos en esclerosis múltiple de Argentina elaboró un consenso para el tratamiento de pacientes con EMSP en la región mediante metodología de ronda de encuestas a distancia y reuniones presenciales. Se establecieron 33 recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia publicada y en el criterio de los expertos que participaron. Las recomendaciones se enfocaron en el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de los pacientes con EMSP. Conclusión. Las recomendaciones establecidas en el presente consenso permitirían optimizar el cuidado y el seguimiento de los pacientes con EMSP en Argentina.

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Several studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest a trend of increasing disease frequency in women during the last decades. A direct comparison of gender ratio trends among MS populations from Argentina remains to be carried out. The objective of the study was to compare gender ratio trends, over a 50-year span in MS populations from Argentina. METHODS: multicenter study that included patients from 14 MS Centers of Argentina. Patients with definite MS with birth years ranging from 1940 to 1989 were included. Gender ratios were calculated by five decades based on year of birth and were adjusted for the F/M born-alive ratio derived from the Argentinean national registry of births. The F/M ratios were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression per five decades by the year of birth approach. Analyses were performed using Stata 10.1. RESULTS: 1069 patients were included. Gender ratios showed a significant increase from the first to the last decade in the whole MS sample (from 1.8 to 2.7; p value for trend=0.023). The Gender ratio did not show differences considering MS subtype. CONCLUSION: our study showed a modest increase of the F/M ratio (from 1.8 to 2.7) over time among patients affected by MS in Argentina.

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UNLABELLED: In 1996, the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) for the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires using the capture-recapture method was estimated to be between 14 and 19.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this study was to update the prevalence to 2014 following the same methodology. METHODS: Gran Buenos Aires is the denomination that refers to the megalopolis comprised by the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the surrounding conurbation of the province of Buenos Aires. The study was carried out taking December 2014 as the prevalence month. We used the capture-recapture method to estimate the prevalence of MS cross-matching registries from 6 MS Centers from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. Log-linear model Poisson regression was used to estimate the number of affected MS patients not detected by any of the 6 sources considered. RESULTS: 1035 registries were obtained from the 6 lists from 910 different patients detected. The population of the area based on 2010 census was 12,806,866, the number of MS cases estimated amongst source interactions were 4901. The estimated prevalence was 38.2 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI 36.1-41.2). CONCLUSION: The study is an update almost 20 years after the first one in the area showing a significant increase in the previous reported prevalence. Our findings are in line with previous studies performed in other regions of the world.

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UNLABELLED: The present study was carried out to assess if there is an anticipation of age at onset in younger generations of familial multiple sclerosis (FMS) vs. sporadic MS (SMS) in Argentina. METHODS: multicenter study that included patients from 14 MS Centers of Argentina. Patients were considered as FMS if they had in their family at least one relative of first or second degree diagnosed with MS; otherwise, patients were considered to have SMS. We compared the age at onset between familial and sporadic cases as well as the age at onset between relatives from different generations in FMS vs. SMS. RESULTS: 1333 patients were included, 97 of them were FMS (7.3%). A lower age at onset in the younger generations of FMS cases was found compared with older generations of FMS as well as. SMS cases (24.1±3.7 years vs. 30.3±5.7 years, and 32.4±9.4 respectively; p<0.001). No differences were observed between older generations of FMS vs. SMS cases (p=0.12). CONCLUSION: we observed an anticipation of age at onset of MS in younger generations of patients with FMS vs. older generations of FMS and SMS.

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We analyze heat and work fluctuations in the gravitational wave detector AURIGA, modeled as a macroscopic electromechanical oscillator in contact with a thermostat and cooled by an active feedback system. The oscillator is driven to a steady state by the feedback cooling, equivalent to a viscous force. The experimentally measured fluctuations are in agreement with our theoretical analysis based on a stochastically driven Langevin system. The asymmetry of the fluctuations of the absorbed heat characterizes the oscillator's nonequilibrium steady state and reveals the extent to which a feedback cooled system departs from equilibrium in a statistical mechanics perspective.

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BACKGROUND: The influence of pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been extensively studied but such influence on Latin American women with MS has not been characterized. Our objective was to describe the course of pregnancy and birth outcome in Argentinean MS patients and the evolution of MS during pregnancy and after delivery. METHOD: We used a retrospective design in eight MS centers in Argentina and administered a survey to women with definite MS (Mc Donald) with pregnancies during or after MS onset. We contacted 355 women of which 81 met inclusion criteria. We recorded 141 pregnancies. RESULTS: Involuntary abortion was observed in 16% of pregnancies (95% CI = 10-23). Thirty five women received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) before 42 pregnancies. Twenty three (55%) out of 42 pregnancies were exposed to IMT. The mean time of IMT discontinuation before conception in 19 (45.2%) pregnancies without exposure, was 104 days (95% CI = 61.0-147.0). There were 103 deliveries: 79% full term. Birth defects were detected in 19% of pregnancies exposed to IMT (95% CI = 4-46) and in 2% of non-exposed (95% CI = 0.3-8.0). The mean relapse rate was: pre-pregnancy year: 0.22 (95% CI = 0.12-0.32); pregnancy: 0.31 in 1st (95% CI = 0.10-0.52), 0.19 (95% CI = 0.03-0.36) in 2nd, and 0.04 in 3rd trimester (95% CI = -0.04-0.12); 1st trimester post delivery: 0.82 (95% CI = 0.42-1.22). CONCLUSION: We observed a higher rate of birth defects among infants exposed to immunomodulators in utero than those not exposed. The reduction in MS relapses during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and its increase during postpartum is consistent with previous reports.

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We apply a feedback cooling technique to simultaneously cool the three electromechanical normal modes of the ton-scale resonant-bar gravitational wave detector AURIGA. The measuring system is based on a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier, and the feedback cooling is applied electronically to the input circuit of the SQUID. Starting from a bath temperature of 4.2 K, we achieve a minimum temperature of 0.17 mK for the coolest normal mode. The same technique, implemented in a dedicated experiment at subkelvin bath temperature and with a quantum limited SQUID, could allow to approach the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale mechanical resonator.

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There are few studies reporting multiple sclerosis prevalence rates in the Buenos Aires region, Argentina (latitude 34 degrees S) (between 12-18.5/100 000 inhabitants), and no studies have been performed in the larger region between parallels 36 degrees and 55 degrees S. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates and clinical features of multiple sclerosis in residents of the Argentine Patagonia. Four cities from the region were selected for this study, giving a sample population of 417 666 inhabitants (approximately 24% of the total Patagonia population). 1(st) March 2002 was determined as prevalence day. Patients were ascertained using multiple case-finding methods. The point prevalence rate was 17.2/100 000 (17.2 age-adjusted to the world population). Prevalence rates were higher for women than for men, 22.1 versus 12.2/100 000 inhabitants (21.4 versus 12.7 sex-adjusted to the world population). The study population was mainly of European descent and mestizoes. Clinical features were similar to those reported in other countries. This study shows that Argentine Patagonia is a medium-risk area with no south-north gradient between parallels 55 degrees and 36 degrees S. The Patagonia population shows recent internal migration that makes it difficult to determine whether the exposure to potential risk factors has been long enough to modify the disease incidence.

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A setup for measuring mechanical losses of silicon wafers has been fully characterized from room temperature to 4 K in the frequency range between 300 Hz and 4 kHz: it consists of silicon wafers with nodal suspension and capacitive and optical vibration sensors. Major contributions to mechanical losses are investigated and compared with experimental data scanning the full temperature range; in particular, losses due to the thermoelastic effect and to the wafer clamp are modeled via finite element method analysis; surface losses and gas damping are also estimated. The reproducibility of the measurements of total losses is also discussed and the setup capabilities for measuring additive losses contributed by thin films deposited on the wafers or bonding layers. For instance, assuming that additive losses are due to an 80-nm-thick wafer bond layer with Young modulus about ten times smaller than that of silicon, we achieve a sensitivity to bond losses at the level of 5x10(-3) at 4 K and at about 2 kHz.

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At the time when the giant flare of SGR1806-20 occurred, the AURIGA "bar" gravitational-wave (GW) detector was on the air with a noise performance close to stationary Gaussian. This allows us to set relevant upper limits, at a number of frequencies in the vicinities of 900 Hz, on the amplitude of the damped GW wave trains, which, according to current models, could have been emitted, due to the excitation of normal modes of the star associated with the peak in x-ray luminosity.

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Se estudiaron 4 pacientes con un cuadro clínico en el que se combinaron fasciculaciones, contracturas, calambres, parestesias y rigidez muscular progresiva. En ellos se realizó el estudio electrofisiológico que involucró EMG, estudio de la excitabilidad de la motoneurona espinal alfa (MN), del coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN, de la velocidad de conducción motora y sensitiva, de la transmisión neuromuscular y de la actividad gamma. Los hallazgos evidenciaron compromiso del SNP expresado en reducción del número de unidades motoras (UM), pérdida del trazadoEMG interferencial, presencia de fibrilaciones, fasciculaciones y disminución de la velocidad de conducción motora con preservación de la conducción sensitiva. A ello se sumó aumento de la excitabilidad de la MN alfa evidenciado en la curva de recuperación de la onda H; la relación H/M se halló dentro de límites normales en todos los casos, en tanto que los cocientes T/M y T/H se vieron incrementados en tres de los casos; en dos de los pacientes se realizó el bloqueo gamma, lográndose la desaparición de la actividad contínua de UM. El estudio de la transmisión neuromuscular, período silente y coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN no mostraron alteraciones. Esta serie de hallazgos sugieren indemnidad de la unión neuromuscular, de los mecanismos inhibitorios segmentarios mediados por interneuronas de acción postsináptica y de las estructuras corticales, señalando un incremento de la actividad de las fibras gamma. La presencia de diferentes cuadros que presentan aspectos signosintomatológicos comunes impulsó una revisión sobre las diferentes entidades clínicas descriptas, pruebas electrofisiológicas utilizadas para su estudio, aspectos etiopatogénicos y la aproximación terapéutica a ellas

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Se estudiaron 4 pacientes con un cuadro clínico en el que se combinaron fasciculaciones, contracturas, calambres, parestesias y rigidez muscular progresiva. En ellos se realizó el estudio electrofisiológico que involucró EMG, estudio de la excitabilidad de la motoneurona espinal alfa (MN), del coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN, de la velocidad de conducción motora y sensitiva, de la transmisión neuromuscular y de la actividad gamma. Los hallazgos evidenciaron compromiso del SNP expresado en reducción del número de unidades motoras (UM), pérdida del trazadoEMG interferencial, presencia de fibrilaciones, fasciculaciones y disminución de la velocidad de conducción motora con preservación de la conducción sensitiva. A ello se sumó aumento de la excitabilidad de la MN alfa evidenciado en la curva de recuperación de la onda H; la relación H/M se halló dentro de límites normales en todos los casos, en tanto que los cocientes T/M y T/H se vieron incrementados en tres de los casos; en dos de los pacientes se realizó el bloqueo gamma, lográndose la desaparición de la actividad contínua de UM. El estudio de la transmisión neuromuscular, período silente y coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN no mostraron alteraciones. Esta serie de hallazgos sugieren indemnidad de la unión neuromuscular, de los mecanismos inhibitorios segmentarios mediados por interneuronas de acción postsináptica y de las estructuras corticales, señalando un incremento de la actividad de las fibras gamma. La presencia de diferentes cuadros que presentan aspectos signosintomatológicos comunes impulsó una revisión sobre las diferentes entidades clínicas descriptas, pruebas electrofisiológicas utilizadas para su estudio, aspectos etiopatogénicos y la aproximación terapéutica a ellas (AU)

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Presentamos un varón de 16 años, blanco, quien consultó en nuestro Servicio por presentar importante hipertrofia muscular generalizada sin alteraciones de la fuerza muscular ni fenómeno miotónico. Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron normales. La evaluación endócrina descartó hipotiroidismo. El electromiograma mostró un patrón inespecífico sin miotonía y con velocidad de conducción nerviosa normal. En la biopsia de músculo se observó un aumento del tamaño transversal mayor de las fibras tipos I y II, más notable en estas últimas, con respecto a controles normales. Estos hechos nos hacen concluir que el presente caso constituye una "hipertrofia musculorum vera" cuyas características difieren de los reportados previamente

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Presentamos un varón de 16 años, blanco, quien consultó en nuestro Servicio por presentar importante hipertrofia muscular generalizada sin alteraciones de la fuerza muscular ni fenómeno miotónico. Los exámenes de laboratorio fueron normales. La evaluación endócrina descartó hipotiroidismo. El electromiograma mostró un patrón inespecífico sin miotonía y con velocidad de conducción nerviosa normal. En la biopsia de músculo se observó un aumento del tamaño transversal mayor de las fibras tipos I y II, más notable en estas últimas, con respecto a controles normales. Estos hechos nos hacen concluir que el presente caso constituye una "hipertrofia musculorum vera" cuyas características difieren de los reportados previamente (AU)

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