RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An effective embryonic-maternal interaction is crucial for successful human pregnancy. Failure of this process is a major cause of infertility and can lead to placental dysfunction resulting in recurrent miscarriage, fetal retardation and pre-eclampsia. Research is severely constrained by ethical and practical considerations; therefore, we aimed to generate cytotrophoblast stem (CTBS) cell lines from human embryonic stem cells (HESCs). METHOD: Beta-HCG was used as a marker of viable trophoblast cells. In defined culture, embryoid bodies were generated from HESCs and selected for trophoblast enrichment by rounds of cellular aggregation and disaggregation. Distinct CTBS cell lines were isolated and characterized. Spheroid cytotrophoblast bodies were generated and their interaction with luteal-phase endometrial stroma was analysed by real-time image analysis. RESULTS: Three CTBS cell lines were derived, which were maintained in the absence of residual HESCs, fibroblast feeder cells or extracellular matrix. CTBS cells displayed typical cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast characteristics and exhibited further differentiation to invasive endovascular cell phenotype. One cell line was generated with constitutive expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Spheroid trophoblast bodies mimicked closely the early invasive stages of implantation when incubated with human endometrial stromal preparations in vitro. CONCLUSION: These human CTBS cell lines are a significant new model for investigating human placentation and may have considerable potential in cell therapy applications.
Asunto(s)
Embrión de Mamíferos/citología , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Células Madre/citología , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Implantación del Embrión , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Citometría de Flujo , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Trofoblastos/citologíaRESUMEN
A 69-year-old man who presented with incidental hypoglobus was found to have an isolated superior rectus mass. Diagnosis of primary amyloidosis of superior rectus was made on incisional biopsy and negative systemic work-up. This is an unusual manifestation and site for amyloidosis and should be a differential of any extraocular muscle mass.
Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatías/diagnóstico , Músculos Oculomotores/patología , Anciano , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of pterygium among residents of an island in Indonesia and to examine the roles of age and gender as determinants of bilaterality and severity of the disease. METHODS: Voluntary eye screening on Pulau Jaloh, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. Gender difference was tested using the chi2 test. The difference in age between subjects with and without disease was tested using unpaired Student's t-test. Odds ratio (relative risk) for gender was calculated using logistic regression model with adjustment for age. RESULTS: Of the 550 inhabitants, 477 (86.7%) responded to the eye screening. The overall prevalence rate of pterygium was 17.0%. Out of 211, 48 male (22.7%) and 33 out of 266 female subjects (12.4%) had the disorder, with the gender difference being statistically significant. Adjusted for age, the risk of disease was 3.1-fold higher among the males. In all, 71.6% of subjects with pterygium had bilateral disease. Subjects with pterygium were significantly older, their mean age being 42.9 years compared to 18.7 years among those without disease. The prevalence rates in male subjects increased from age 20 to reach a plateau of 63.6% at age 35 and remained stable thereafter. In the female subjects, the rates also increased with age, albeit at a slower rate, from age 20 to reach a plateau of 46.7% at age 55 and remained stable thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence rate of pterygium among the study subjects, with the rates increasing rapidly with age.