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RNA interference (RNAi) has been proved to be a viable method for agricultural pest control. Due to the limited uptake of dsRNA in hemiptera insects, this study used nanocarrier SPc (star polycation) transdermal delivery systems to deliver two truncated fragments (P1/P2) dsRNA of the CYP6CY3 for silencing this target gene in Aphis gossypii. After the cotton aphid was sprayed with the SPc + dsP1/P2 mixture, the expression level of target gene in SPc + dsP1 treatment group was not different from that in dsP1 group at 24 h, 48 h, and significantly lower than that in dsP1 group at 60 h, 72 h, respectively; and the expression level of target gene in SPc + dsP2 treatment group was not different from that in dsP2 group at 24 h, and significantly lower than that in dsP2 group from 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, respectively. In addition, the expression level was continuously silenced after spraying the SPc + dsP1/P2 mixture and significant reduced by 79.7% and 84.3% at 48 h compared with the H2O control group, the mortality rate reached 48.09% and 43.18% at 84 h, respectively. And the cumulative reproduction number of cotton aphids also decreased, but the cumulative death number of newborn nymphs had an increase trend, compared with the control groups. Bioassays after RNAi showed that the silencing of CYP6CY3 increased the susceptibility of the 4th instar aphid to imidacloprid, and increased mortality by 67.21% and 58.69% at 96 h, respectively. The life table parameters of the offspring from the 4th instar cotton aphids from the SPc + dsP1/P2 treatment groups showed that the offspring had a longer pre-reproductive period and post-reproductive period. The intrinsic growth rate was 0.231 ± 0.005, 0.210 ± 0.013 and the finite growth rate was 1.260 ± 0.007 and 1.234 ± 0.016 in the SPc + dsP1/P2 treatment group, these two parameters of the two groups were lower than that of the corresponding control，the population doubling time of the two groups was prolonged and the developmental duration was delayed. These results indicate that CYP6CY3 plays a key role in the growth, development, reproduction and detoxification ability in cotton aphids, and may be as a potential RNAi target for controlling aphids, laying the foundation for the development of new environmentally-friendly RNA pesticides in this field.

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Objective To explore the modulation effect of macrophage polarization and tumor microenvironment by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor administration in mice colon carcinoma tissue.Methods 24 mice were divided into normal control group,CAC group,CAC + GW2580 group.On day 64,the mice in CAC + GW2580 group were given GW2580 by daily gavage for a week.On 71 st day,the colon tissues were collected.The expression phenotype of macrophage polarization was detected by flow cytometry,the expression of macrophage-associated protein was detected by Western blot,and the expression level of various cytokine mRNAs were detected by PCR.Results The administration of CSF-1R inhibitors in CAC mice resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of macrophages and M2 cells and a significant increase in M1 (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of M1-related proteins CD86 was up-regulated and the expression of M2-related proteins CD206 was down-regulated (P ＜0.05).Further more,the expression of M2-related IL-4,IL-10,Arg-1 were up-regulated (all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of M1-related IL-12,iNOS were down-regulated (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CSF-1R inhibitor can effectively modulate macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 in colon tumor and transform the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppression to immunostimulation,exerting tumor inhibition.

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Estrogen inhibits cyst breakdown and primordial follicle assembling of germ cells, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We aimed to analyze the effects of estrogen on the early development of mouse follicles using an in vitro ovary culture system and in vivo injection. Newborn mouse ovarian tissues were cultured in vitro for 2 or 4 days with estrogen of 0 M, 10(-8) M and 10(-4) M, respectively, and neonatal mice were injected with 5mg/kg/day estrogen. We found that the percentages of different-stage follicles significantly varied between the control and estrogen-treated groups. In vitro experiments showed that the unassembled follicles accounted for 70.5±2.7% and the primordial follicles accounted for 29.5±2.7% in the treatment group, but in the control group, ovaries had 61.7±8.4% unassembled follicles. In vivo experiments showed that the percentages of unassembled follicles and primordial follicles were 37.1±5.2% and 51.6±2.4% in the control group, while they were 72.6±5.2% and 25.1±5.5% in the treatment group. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of Kit ligand in mouse ovaries treated by estrogen with real-time PCR and western blot technology, and found that compared with the control group, both mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05). These results indicate that estrogen inhibits the development of mouse ovarian follicles by regulating the expression of Kit ligand.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of differents solution environments on the ceramic membrane microfiltration of model system of Chinese medicines.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Taking binary system of soybean protein-berberine as the research object, flux, transmittance of berberine and traping rate of protein as indexes, different solution environment on membrane process were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>When the concentration of soybean protein was under 1 g x L(-1), the membrane flux was minimum with the traping of berberine decreased slightly as the concentration increased. When pH was 4, the flux was maximum with the traping rate of protein was 99%, and the transmittance of berberine reached above 60%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficiency of membrane separation can be improved by optimizing the solution environment of water-extraction of chinese medicines. The efficiency of membrane separation is the best when adjust the pH to the isoelectric point of proteins for the proteins as the main pollutant in aqueous solution.</p>

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