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BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from the rupture of blood vessels causing bleeding within the brain and is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite having a lower incidence than ischemic stroke, ICH imposes a greater social and economic burden. To our knowledge, since the release of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report, there has been no comprehensive update on the epidemiology and trends of ICH. This study aims to analyze the impact of gender, age, and the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) on the burden of ICH at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS: Data on the incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ICH and its related risk factors from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 project, encompassing 203 countries and regions. Furthermore, temporal trends of the global intracerebral hemorrhage burden were assessed through Joinpoint analysis. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 3.444 million new cases of ICH worldwide, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 40.8 per 100,000 people, representing a 31.4% decrease compared to 1990. In 2021, ICH caused 3.308 million deaths, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 39.1 per 100,000 people, a reduction of 36.6% since 1990. Globally, ICH accounted for 79.457 million DALYs, with an age-standardized DALY rate of 92.4 per 100,000 people, representing a 39.1% decrease since 1990. Regionally, Central Asia, Oceania, and Southeast Asia had the highest age-standardized prevalence rates of ICH, whereas Australasia, high-income North America, and Western Europe had the lowest rates. Nationally, the Solomon Islands, Mongolia, and Kiribati had the highest age-standardized prevalence rates, whereas Switzerland, New Zealand, and Australia had the lowest. Hypertension, smoking, and environmental pollution were identified as the primary risk factors for ICH. This study also validated the significant association between SDI and the burden of ICH, with the age-standardized DALY rate of ICH decreasing significantly as SDI increased. CONCLUSION: Despite the decreasing burden of intracerebral hemorrhage, it remains a significant public health issue in countries with a lower SDI. Prevention strategies should prioritize hypertension management, air quality improvement, and smoking control to further mitigate the impact of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Hemorragia Cerebral , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Salud Global , Humanos , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiología , Carga Global de Enfermedades/tendencias , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Incidencia , Adulto Joven , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adolescente , PreescolarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure (POF). This study was designed to investigate the appropriate timing and molecular mechanism of UC-MSCs treatment for chemotherapy-induced POF. METHODS: Ovarian structure and function of mice were assessed every 3 days after injections with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and busulfan (BUS). UC-MSCs and UC-MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were infused into mice via the tail vein, respectively. Ovarian function was analyzed by follicle counts, the serum levels of hormones and ovarian morphology. The apoptosis and proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to detect the differentially expressed proteins in UC-MSC-derived EVs. RESULTS: After CTX/BUS injection, we observed that the ovarian function of POF mice was significantly deteriorated on day 9 after CTX/BUS infusion. TUNEL assay indicated that the number of apoptotic cells in the ovaries of POF mice was significantly higher than that in normal mice on day 3 after CTX/BUS injection. Transplantation of UC-MSCs on day 6 after CTX/BUS injection significantly improved ovarian function, enhanced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, whereas the therapeutic effect of UC-MSCs transplantation decreased on day 9, or day 12 after CTX/BUS injection. Moreover, EVs derived from UC-MSCs exerted similar therapeutic effects on POF. UC-MSCs-derived EVs could activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and reduce ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that clusterin (CLU) was highly expressed in the EVs of UC-MSCs. The supplementation of CLU proteins prevented ovarian granulosa cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Further mechanistic analysis showed that CLU-knockdown blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling and reversed the protective effects of UC-MSCs-derived EVs. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of UC-MSCs and UC-MSCs-derived EVs on day 6 of CTX/BUS injection could effectively improve the ovarian function of POF mice. UC-MSCs-derived EVs carrying CLU promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells through activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study identifies a previously unrecognized molecular mechanism of UC-MSCs-mediated protective effects on POF, which pave the way for the use of cell-free therapeutic approach for POF.
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Vesículas Extracelulares , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Cordón Umbilical , Femenino , Animales , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/terapia , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/inducido químicamente , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/trasplante , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Ratones , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Humanos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Cordón Umbilical/citología , Clusterina/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Ovario/metabolismo , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Busulfano/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Colorectal adenomas are responsible for the origin of most colorectal cancers (CRC). Early detection together with active intervention of colorectal adenomas plays a crucial role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to construct and validate a new nomogram for the forecasting of the risk of colorectal adenomas based on lifestyle risk factors that could offer potential benefits for CRC prevention. Colonoscopy reports, pathology reports, physical factors, family history, personal history of disease, diet, and lifestyle habits were collected from 1133 subjects who underwent complete colonoscopy. All subjects were divided into the training cohort (n = 792) and the validation cohort (n = 341). A nomogram predicting the risk of colorectal adenoma development was constructed using the training cohort and the C-index was calculated. The predictive accuracy and clinical applicability of the nomogram were verified in the validation cohort. The nomogram was constructed by 6 statistically significant variables selected from 18 health factors, including advanced age, male, smoking, drinking, pickles, and irregular defecation. The C-index of the training cohort was 0.778 and the C-index of the validation cohort was 0.754. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) also confirmed that the model has good predictive ability and high profit. The nomogram constructed in this study was validated and can be applied to predicting the occurrence risk of colorectal adenoma. The model can guide the identification of patients with non-symptomatic colorectal adenomas and the recognition of high-risk individuals for whom a colonoscopy is advisable.
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Background: Epilepsy is a non-communicable chronic brain disease that affects all age groups. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, which is one of the most common neurological disorder. This study reports the time trends in the burden of epilepsy from 1999 to 2019. Methods: We evaluated the disease burden and its temporal trends of epilepsy using the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), which was estimated based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the temporal trends of the epilepsy prevalence and YLDs rates, and to analyze the relative risks of age, periods and queues (age/period/queue effects). Results: In the past 30 years, the global age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized rate has increased by 29.61% and 27.02%, respectively. Globally, the APC model estimated the net drift of prevalence and YLDs were 0.88% (95% CI: 0.83-0.93) and 0.80% (95% CI: 0.75-0.85) per year. Among 204 countries and territories, the YLDs in 146 and prevalence 164 showed an increasing trend. And the risk of YLDs and prevalence increases with age, with the lowest risk among 0-4 years old and the highest risk among 75-79 years old. Unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks of YLDs and prevalence were observed. Conclusion: Over the past 30 years, the YLDs and prevalence of epilepsy have gradually increased globally and unfavorable increasing period and cohort risks were observed. Emphasizing epilepsy prevention, strengthening epilepsy health education, optimizing older adults epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans, and actively promoting epilepsy diagnosis and treatment plans can effectively reduce new cases of epilepsy and related disabilities.
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The structural network damages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients are evident but contradictory due to the high heterogeneity of the disease. We hypothesized that patterns of structural network impairments would be different in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subtypes by a data-driven method using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance hybrid imaging. The data of positron emission tomography, structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in fifty patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 23 healthy controls were collected by a 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance hybrid. Two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subtypes were identified as the optimal cluster based on grey matter volume and standardized uptake value ratio. Network metrics at the global, local and connection levels were compared to explore the impaired patterns of structural networks in the identified subtypes. Compared with healthy controls, the two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subtypes displayed a pattern of a locally impaired structural network centralized in the sensorimotor network and a pattern of an extensively impaired structural network in the whole brain. When comparing the two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subgroups by a support vector machine classifier based on the decreases in nodal efficiency of structural network, the individualized network scores were obtained in every amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient and demonstrated a positive correlation with disease severity. We clustered two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subtypes by a data-driven method, which encompassed different patterns of structural network impairments. Our results imply that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may possess the intrinsic damaged pattern of white matter network and thus provide a latent direction for stratification in clinical research.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between hysteroscopic findings of chronic endometritis and CD138 immunohistochemistry positive in endometritis and to analyze the pregnancy outcomes and associated risk factors following embryo transfer in women diagnosed with chronic endometritis via hysteroscopy. METHODS: A retrospective observational study carried out at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2021, was performed by obtaining data from 194 medical records of women who underwent hysteroscopies for infertility and were diagnosed with chronic endometritis based on Delphi criteria. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between hysteroscopic findings and endometrial CD138 immunohistochemistry. The study also observed the differences in relevant indexes between the CD138-positive and CD138-negative groups after embryo transfer and analyzed factors influencing implantation failure using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The correlation analysis between hysteroscopic findings and CD138 immunohistochemistry showed that micropolyps were correlated with CD138 immunohistochemistry positivity. The correlation coefficient was 0.32 (P < 0.01). After embryo transfer, the clinical pregnancy rate of the CD138-positive group was lower compared to that of the CD138-negative group [64.79% (46/71) vs. 81.30% (100/123), P < 0.05]. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (P = 0.43) and CD138 immunohistochemistry positivity (P = 0.008) were the independent risk factors for predicting whether or not embryo implantation was successful. CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic findings do not correlate strongly with endometrial CD138 immunohistochemistry, and chronic endometritis cannot be diagnosed by hysteroscopy alone. CD138 immunohistochemistry positivity is an independent factor contributing to the decrease in clinical pregnancy rate following embryo transfer.
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Transferencia de Embrión , Endometritis , Histeroscopía , Inmunohistoquímica , Resultado del Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Sindecano-1 , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Sindecano-1/metabolismo , Endometritis/patología , Endometritis/metabolismo , Histeroscopía/métodos , Adulto , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Implantación del Embrión , Endometrio/patología , Endometrio/metabolismo , Fertilización In Vitro , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest. Phoxim is an organophosphate insecticide that has been widely used to control A. ipsilon. The extensive application of phoxim has resulted in a reduction in phoxim susceptibility in A. ipsilon. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phoxim tolerance in A. ipsilon remain unclear. In this work, we report the involvement of AiGSTz1, a zeta class glutathione S-transferase, in phoxim tolerance in A. ipsilon. Exposure to a sublethal concentration (LC50) of phoxim dramatically upregulated the transcription level of the AiGSTz1 gene in A. ipsilon larvae, and this upregulation might be caused by phoxim-induced oxidative stress. The recombinant AiGSTz1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was able to metabolize phoxim. Furthermore, AiGSTz1 displayed antioxidant activity to protect against oxidative stress. Knockdown of AiGSTz1 by RNA interference significantly increased the mortality rate of A. ipsilon larvae in response to phoxim. In addition, the transcription factor AiCncC can bind to the cap 'n' collar isoform C: muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (CncC:Maf) binding site in the putative promoter of the AiGSTz1 gene. Silencing of AiCncC resulted in a dramatic downregulation of AiGSTz1. These results indicated that AiGSTz1 is involved in phoxim tolerance and is potentially regulated by AiCncC. These findings provide valuable insights into the defense mechanisms used by A. ipsilon against phoxim.
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Glutatión Transferasa , Proteínas de Insectos , Insecticidas , Mariposas Nocturnas , Compuestos Organotiofosforados , Factores de Transcripción , Animales , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/genética , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/farmacología , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/toxicidad , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Mariposas Nocturnas/efectos de los fármacos , Mariposas Nocturnas/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a los Insecticidas/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
One of the main factors in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is oxidative stress. Mangiferin (MF), a natural plant polyphenol, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of MF in the hSOD1-G93A ALS cell model. Our result revealed that MF treatment reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased oxidative damage, and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, it was observed that MF significantly increased the synthesis of the antioxidant genes hemeoxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, which are downstream of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and increased the expression and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 knockdown greatly promoted apoptosis, which was reversed by MF treatment. To summarize, MF promoted the Nrf2 pathway and scavenged MDA and ROS to protect the ALS cell model.
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Apoptosis , Neuronas Motoras , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Estrés Oxidativo , Transducción de Señal , Xantonas , Xantonas/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Animales , Neuronas Motoras/metabolismo , Neuronas Motoras/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas Motoras/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/metabolismo , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/metabolismo , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/genéticaRESUMEN
Ferroptosis is a predominant contributor to graft kidney ischemiaâreperfusion injury (IRI), resulting in delayed graft function (DGF). However, much less is known about the early predicting biomarkers and therapeutic targets of DGF, especially aiming at ferroptosis. Here, we propose a precise predicting model for DGF, relying on the Akirin1 level in extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from recipient urine 48 h after kidney transplant. In addition, we decipher a new molecular mechanism whereby Akirin1 induces ferroptosis by strengthening TP53-mediated suppression of SLC7A11 during the graft kidney IRI process, that is, Akirin1 activates the EGR1/TP53 axis and inhibits MDM2-mediated TP53 ubiquitination, accordingly upregulating TP53 in two ways. Meanwhile, we present the first evidence that miR-136-5p enriched in EVs secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UM-EVs) confers robust protection against ferroptosis and graft kidney IRI by targeted inhibition of Akirin1 but knockout of miR-136-5p in UM sharply mitigates the protection of UM-EVs. The functional and mechanistic regulation of Akirin1 is further corroborated in an allograft kidney transplant model in wild-type and Akirin1-knockout mice. In summary, these findings suggest that Akirin1, which prominently induces ferroptosis, is a pivotal biomarker and target for early diagnosis and treatment of graft kidney IRI and DGF after kidney transplant.
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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their substitutes are prevalent in the environment, especially near industrial point sources. In non-point source pollution areas, it is crucial to investigate the seasonal pollution characteristics to identify the pollution sources. In this study, compositional profiles, seasonal variations, and ecological risks of legacy BFRs and novel BFRs (NBFRs) in the water and sediment from the Tuojiang River located in southwest China were investigated. The results indicated that ΣBFRs ranged from not detected (n.d.) to 42.0 ng/L in water and from 0.13 to 17.6 ng/g in sediment, while ΣNBFRs ranged from n.d. to 15.8 ng/L in water, and from 0.25 to 6.82 ng/g in sediment. A significant seasonal variation was observed in water and sediments with high proportions of legacy BFRs (median percentage of 68.8% and 51.3% in water and sediment) in the dry season, while NBFRs (median percentage of 53.2% and 71.6% in water and sediment) exhibited predominance in the wet season. This highlighted the importance of surface runoff and atmospheric deposition as important sources of NBFRs in aquatic environments. Moreover, there were high ratios of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and BDE-209 (average: 1.38 and 2.76 in dry and wet season) in sediments adjacent to the residual areas, indicating a consumption shift from legacy BFRs to NBFRs in China. It was observed that legacy BFRs showed higher ecological risks compared to NBFRs in both water and sediment environments, with BDE-209 posing low to medium risks to sediment organisms. This study provides better understanding of contamination characteristics and sources of legacy BFRs and NBFRs in non-point source pollution areas.
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The PowerPlex® 35GY System (Promega, USA) is an advanced eight-dye multiplex STR kit, incorporating twenty-three autosomal STR loci, eleven Y chromosome STR loci, one sex determining marker Amelogenin, and two quality indicators. This multiplex system includes 20 CODIS loci and up to 15 mini-STR loci with sizing values less than 250 bases. In this study, validation for PowerPlex® 35GY System was conducted following the guidelines of SWGDAM, encompassing sensitivity, precision, accuracy, concordance, species specificity, stutter, mixture, stability, and degraded DNA. The results from experiments demonstrated that the PowerPlex® 35GY System could effectively amplify DNA samples, with complete allele detection achieved at 125 pg. Moreover, over 90% of alleles from minor contributors were detected at a mixed ratio of 1:4. Additionally, the system was found to yield full profiles even in the presence of hematin, humic acid, and indigo. The PowerPlex® 35GY System demonstrated superior performance in the sensitivity and degraded DNA studies compared to a six-dye STR kit. Hence, it is evident that the PowerPlex® 35GY System is well-suited for forensic practice, whether in casework or for database samples. These findings provide strong support for the efficacy and reliability of the PowerPlex® 35GY System in forensic applications.
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Objective: This study reviews the development of rhubarb processing and the current status of pharmacological research. We summarized the effects of different processing methods on the active compounds, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of rhubarb, as well as the clinical application of different concoctions, providing reference for further pharmacological research and clinical application of rhubarb. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Pubmed, Embase, National Science and Technology Library, Web of science, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, SinoMed, and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Search terms included "rhubarb", "raw rhubarb", "wine rhubarb", "cooked rhubarb", "rhubarb charcoal", "herbal processing", "compounds", "pharmacological effects", "inflammation", "gastrointestinal bleeding", and "tumor". Results: Historical records of rhubarb processing date back to the Han Dynasty, with continual innovations. Currently, the types of rhubarb used in traditional Chinese medicine have stabilized to three species: Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. and Rheum officinale Baill. Common concoctions include raw rhubarb, wine rhubarb, cooked rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal. The active compounds of rhubarb are known to defecation, exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, regulate coagulation, protect the digestive system, and possess anti-tumor activities. Guided by Chinese medicine theory, the use of different rhubarb concoctions can enhance specific effects such as purgation to eliminate accumulation, clearing heat and toxins, cooling blood to stop hemorrhages, activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and inducing dampness to descend jaundice, thereby effectively treating various diseases. The therapeutic impact of these concoctions on diseases reflects not only in the changes to the active compounds of rhubarb but also in the formulations of traditional Chinese medicine. Processing has also shown advantages in reducing toxicity. Conclusion: Different processing methods alter the active compounds of rhubarb, thereby enhancing its various pharmacological effects and meeting the therapeutic needs of diverse diseases. Selecting an appropriate processing method based on the patient's specific conditions can maximize its pharmacological properties and improve clinical outcomes.
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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are the origin of multiple mammal influenza viruses. The genetic determinants of AIVs adapted to humans have been widely elucidated, however, the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission and adaptation of AIVs to canines are still poorly understood. In this study, two H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from a live poultry market (A/environment/Guangxi/13431/2018, GX13431) and a swab sample from a canine (A/canine/Guangdong/0601/2019, GD0601) were used to investigate the possible molecular basis that determined H3N2 AIV adapting to canine. We found that GD0601 exhibited more robust polymerase activity in cells and higher pathogenicity in mice compared with its evolution ancestor H3N2 AIV GX13431. A series of reassortments of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex showed that the PB2 subunit was the crucial factor that conferred high polymerase activity of GD0601, and the substitution of I714S in the PB2 subunit of GD0601 attenuated the replication and pathogenicity in mammal cells and the mouse model. Mechanistically, the reverse mutation of I714S in the PB2 polymerase subunit which was identified in AIV GX13431 reduced the nuclear import efficiency of PB2 protein and interfered with the interactions of PB2-PA/NP that affected the assembly of the viral RNP complex. Our study reveals amino acid mutation at the position of 714 in the nuclear localization signal (NLS) area in PB2 plays an important role in overcoming the barrier from poultry to mammals of the H3N2 canine influenza virus and provides clues for further study of mammalian adaptation mechanism of AIVs.
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Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN , Ribonucleoproteínas , Proteínas Virales , Animales , Perros , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H3N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Ratones , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/metabolismo , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Humanos , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular , Replicación Viral , Mutación , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Células HEK293 , Virus Reordenados/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have indicated that radiomics may have excellent performance and clinical application prospects in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model is rarely used in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant VCFs, and is limited to lumbar. Herein, this study intends to develop and validate MRI radiomics models for differential diagnoses of benign and malignant VCFs in patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 151 adult patients diagnosed with VCF in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in 2016-2021. The study was conducted in three steps: (i) the original MRI images were segmented, and the region of interest (ROI) was marked out; (ii) among the extracted features, those features with Pearson's correlation coefficient lower than 0.9 and the top 15 with the highest variance and Lasso regression coefficient less than and more than 0 were selected; (iii) MRI images and combined data were studied by logistic regression, decision tree, random forest and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models in training set and the test set (ratio of 8:2), respectively; and the models were further verified and evaluated for the differential diagnosis performance. The evaluated indexes included area under receiver (AUC) of operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The AUCs were used to assess the predictive performance of different machine learning modes for benign and malignant VCFs. RESULTS: A total of 1144 radiomics features, and 14 clinical features were extracted. Finally, 12 radiomics features were included in the radiomics model, and 12 radiomics features with 14 clinical features were included in the combined model. In the radiomics model, the differential diagnosis performance in the logistic regression model with the AUC of 0.905 ± 0.026, accuracy of 0.817 ± 0.057, sensitivity of 0.831 ± 0.065, and negative predictive value of 0.813 ± 0.042, was superior to the other three. In the combined model, XGBoost model had the superior differential diagnosis performance with specificity (0.979 ± 0.026) and positive predictive value (0.971 ± 0.035). CONCLUSION: The multimodal MRI-based radiomics model performed well in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant VCFs, which may provide a tool for clinicians to differentially diagnose VCFs.
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The objective of this study was to explore the preservation of food products through the co-fermentation of whole-plant cassava and Piper sarmentosum (PS) without additives. We assessed fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, bacterial community structure, function profile, and microbial ecological network features. Our results demonstrate that co-fermentation of whole-plant cassava with 10% PS significantly improves food quality. The co-fermented samples exhibited enhanced lactic acid concentrations and increased antioxidant activity, with reduced pH values and concentrations of acetic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia-N(NH3-N) compared to whole-plant cassava fermented alone. In addition, PS addition also optimized microbial community structure by elevating the total abundance of lactic acid bacteria and influenced bacterial predicted functions. Furthermore, our analysis of co-occurrence networks reveals that co-fermentation impacts microbial network features, including module numbers and bacterial relative abundances, leading to altered complexity and stability of the networks. Moreover, out study also highlights the impact of ferment undesirable bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and unclassified_Muribaculaceae playing crucial roles in microbial network complexity and stability. These findings provide valuable insights into the anaerobic fermentation process and offers strategies for regulating food fermentation quality.
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Objective: This study evaluates the research developments concerning Rehmanniae Radix in ovarian hypofunction diseases. It explores the processing methods of Rehmanniae Radix, the variations in its compounds before and after processing, the mechanism of Rehmanniae Radix and its active compounds in improving ovarian function, and the advancements in clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound that include Rehmanniae Radix. Methods: Comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database, National Science and Technology Library, the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, Pubmed, and the Web of Science Database. The search utilized the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords: "Rehmanniae Radix," "Drying Rehmannia Root," "Rehmannia glutinosa," "Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata," "Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing," "Pharmacological Effects," "Ovarian Aging," "Diminished ovarian reserve," "Premature ovarian insufficiency," "Premature Ovarian Failure," "Ovarian hypofunction diseases". Results: The ancient Chinese medical books document various processing techniques for Rehmanniae Radix. Contemporary research has identified changes in its compounds processing and the resultant diverse therapeutic effects. When processed into Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, it is noted for its ability to invigorate the kidney. TCM compound containing Rehmanniae Radix is frequently used to treat ovarian hypofunction diseases, demonstrating significant clinical effectiveness. The key changes in its compounds processing include cyclic dilute ether terpene glycosides, phenylethanol glycosides, sugars, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Its pharmacological action is primarily linked to the improvement of granulosa cell proliferation, antioxidative and anti-aging properties, and modulation of the immune and inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, Rehmanniae Radix also offers therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis and cognitive dysfunction caused by low estrogen levels. Thereby Rehmanniae Radix mitigates both the short-term and long-term health risks associated with ovarian hypofunction diseases. Conclusion: Processed Rehmanniae Radix has shown potential to improve ovarian function, and its compound prescriptions have a definite effect on ovarian dysfunction diseases. Therefore Rehmanniae Radix was garnering interest for both basic and clinical research, with promising application prospects as a future therapeutic agent for ovarian hypofunction diseases. However, further studies on its toxicology and the design of standardized clinical trials are necessary to fully establish its efficacy and safety.
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a reactive oxygen species produced by cellular metabolism can be used in antitumor therapy. However, the concentration of intracellular H2O2 limits its application. Some materials could enhance the concentration of intracellular H2O2 to strengthen antitumor therapy. In this review, the recent advances in H2O2-supplying materials in terms of promoting intracellular H2O2 production and exogenous H2O2 supply are summarized. Then the mechanism of H2O2-supplying materials for tumor therapy is discussed from three aspects: reconstruction of the tumor hypoxia microenvironment, enhancement of oxidative stress, and the intrinsic anti-tumor ability of H2O2-supplying materials. In addition, the application of H2O2-supplying materials for tumor therapy is discussed. Finally, the future of H2O2-supplying materials is presented. This review aims to provide a novel idea for the application of H2O2-supplying materials in tumor therapy.
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Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Neoplasias , Microambiente Tumoral , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Hipoxia Tumoral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the psychological characteristics of the individuals with various suicide risks using computerized text analysis, in the hopes of a better understanding of suicide trajectories. METHODS: 627 first-time callers' records were randomly selected from Taiwan An-Shin Hotline database between 2013 and 2018. The voice records were evaluated by two psychologists to determine the levels of suicide risk (156 with uncertainty of risk, 177 with low suicidal ideation, 157 with high suicidal ideation, and 137 with suicide preparation/attempt) and transcribed into text. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program combined with Chinese dictionary were then used to calculate the frequency of word categories. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis identified four mindsets of language characteristics, named "opposition and questioning", "active engagement", "negative rumination", and "focus on death". Psychological descriptions of the mindsets were also obtained through correlation analysis with the LIWC2015 categories and indicators. The four mindsets effectively distinguished the callers with different levels of suicide risk. CONCLUSION: The psychological characteristics of people with various suicide risks can be described and differentiated via the closed-word categories and composite indicators. These results provide useful information for practitioners and researchers.
RESUMEN
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants infected in utero can lead to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, mechanisms underlying altered neurodevelopment in infected infants remain poorly understood. We have previously described a murine model of congenital HCMV infection in which murine CMV (MCMV) spreads hematogenously and establishes a focal infection in all regions of the brain of newborn mice, including the cerebellum. Infection resulted in disruption of cerebellar cortical development characterized by reduced cerebellar size and foliation. This disruption was associated with altered cell cycle progression of the granule cell precursors (GCPs), which are the progenitors that give rise to granule cells (GCs), the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum. In the current study, we have demonstrated that MCMV infection leads to prolonged GCP cell cycle, premature exit from the cell cycle, and reduced numbers of GCs resulting in cerebellar hypoplasia. Treatment with TNF-α neutralizing antibody partially normalized the cell cycle alterations of GCPs and altered cerebellar morphogenesis induced by MCMV infection. Collectively, our results argue that virus-induced inflammation altered the cell cycle of GCPs resulting in a reduced numbers of GCs and cerebellar cortical hypoplasia, thus providing a potential mechanism for altered neurodevelopment in fetuses infected with HCMV.