RESUMEN

Angelica sinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with significant economic and medicinal value. However, early bolting and flowering can occur during the second year of the vegetative growth period, rendering the roots unviable for medicinal use and resulting in substantial economic losses. Consequently, the growing interest in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying early bolting or increased root lignification in A. sinensis. Here, we conducted whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and observed an increase in whole-genome DNA methylation levels on chromosomes after bolting in A. sinensis. Comparative analysis revealed methylation patterns in the upstream, gene body, and downstream regions in the context of CG, CHG, and CHH, suggesting a possible association between CHH-type methylation of promoters and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, joint analysis of transcriptomic and methylomics data revealed a positive correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression. We identified the hyperDMR gene in the CHH background within the promoter region; this gene is also a key gene (AsCOMT1), exhibiting dual catalytic activity and facilitating the synthesis of both ferulic acid and lignin. Enzyme kinetic analysis demonstrated that AsCOMT1 preferentially catalyzes the synthesis of lignin monomer precursors. These findings highlight the important regulatory role of DNA methylation in bolting and the synthesis of secondary metabolites in A. sinensis, providing valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, as DNA methylation plays an important regulatory role in A. sinensis bolting and secondary metabolite synthesis, it has potential significance in the analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism.

RESUMEN

Angelica sinensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been primarily reported due to its nutritional value. Pigmentation in this plant is an important appearance trait that directly affects its commercial value. To understand the mechanism controlling purpleness in A. sinensis, hormonal and transcriptomic analyses were performed in three different tissues (leave, root and stem), using two cultivars with contrasting colors. The two-dimensional data set provides dynamic hormonal and gene expression networks underpinning purpleness in A. sinensis. We found abscisic acid as a crucial hormone modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. sinensis. We further identified and validated 7 key genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and found a specific module containing ANS as a hub gene in WGCNA. Overexpression of a candidate pigment regulatory gene, AsANS (AS08G02092), in transgenic calli of A. sinensis resulted in increased anthocyanin production and caused purpleness. Together, these analyses provide an important understanding of the molecular networks underlying A. sinensis anthocyanin production and its correlation with plant hormones, which can provide an important source for breeding.

Asunto(s)

Angelica sinensis , Antocianinas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Angelica sinensis/genética , Angelica sinensis/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/genética , Pigmentación/genética , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

NHC-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of 2H-azirine-2-carbaldehydes with ketimines and isocyanates has been developed, providing straightforward synthetic protocols for constructing structurally intriguing pyrimido[1,2-a]indolediones and pyrimidinediones under mild conditions with excellent yields. This protocol can be used to synthesize the core skeleton of pharmaceutically important drugs and pyrimido[1,2-a]indoledione-containing natural products, making it potentially valuable for creating biologically active derivatives.

RESUMEN

The burning loss of Al and Ti elements in superalloys during electroslag remelting has become a prevalent issue. And the existing slag system is not suitable for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new slag system for smelting the ATI 718PlusTM alloy. To mitigate this issue, a thermodynamic model of the oxidation reaction of Al and Ti at the slag and alloy interface was established based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). The thermodynamic model was used to investigate the correlation between the equilibrium content of Al and Ti, slag composition, smelting temperature, and initial Al and Ti content of the electrode. The results indicate that while increasing the smelting temperature can effectively inhibit the burning loss of Al, it will exacerbate the burning loss of Ti. Increasing CaO and Al2O3 contents can inhibit the Al burning loss, while an increase in the TiO2 content can inhibit the Ti burning loss. Although an increase in the MgO content results in the burning loss of Al, its impact on the Al is minimal. The burning loss of Al and Ti was not affected by the change in the CaF2 content. The high Al content in ATI 718PlusTM makes it prone to burning loss of Al during the electroslag remelting. The combustion loss of Al can be reduced by increasing the Ti content in the electrode or adding a suitable amount of aluminum powder to the slag system. The accuracy of the model had been validated through experimental verification.

RESUMEN

A chiral NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of 3-aminobenzofurans with isatin-derived enals has been documented, furnishing 3,4'-piperidinoyl spirooxindoles bearing a quaternary stereocenter with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Further gram-scale preparation and synthetic transformation of the cycloadducts to δ-amino acid derivative demonstrated good practicality and applicability of this reaction.

RESUMEN

A novel [3+3] annulation reaction of 2-alkenylindoles with hydrazonyl chlorides in the presence of base for the formation of pyridazino[4,5-b]indoles was developed. This approach provided a convenient and efficient way to synthesize a series of functionalized pyridazino[4,5-b]indoles derivatives. The method exhibited a broad substrate scope and provided the corresponding pyridazino[4,5-b]indoles products with excellent yields.

RESUMEN

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) could cause trichomoniasis through sexual transmission, which was globally distributed. In this study, the prevalence and phylogenetic analyses of T. vaginalis among men in Xinxiang were conducted. From October 2018 to December 2019, a total of 634 male clinical samples were collected, including 254 samples of semen, 43 samples of prostate fluid, and 337 samples of urine. These samples were examined by nested PCR and a total of 32 (5.05%) T. vaginalis-positive samples were detected. Among these samples, the positive rates of T. vaginalis in semen, prostate fluid, and urine were 7.87% (20/254), 4.65% (2/43), and 2.97% (10/337), respectively. Three actin genes were successfully isolated and sequenced from the 32 positive DNA samples, and the analysis of the sequence and phylogenetic tree showed that the three actin gene sequences exhibited 99.7%-100% homology to the published actin gene sequence (EU076580) in NCBI, and the T. vaginalis strains in the three positive samples were identified as genotype E. Our results demonstrate a notable genotype of T. vaginalis in the male population and provide insight into the performance of these genetic markers in the molecular epidemiology of trichomoniasis. However, further studies are needed to research the association between the genotype and the pathogenicity of T. vaginalis.

RESUMEN

The radical-radical coupling reaction is an important synthetic strategy. In this study, the iron-catalyzed radical-radical cross-coupling reaction based on the decarboxylation of keto acids and decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes to obtain valuable aryl ketones is reported for the first time. Remarkably, when tertiary aldehydes were used as carbonyl sources, ketone esters were selectively obtained instead of ketones. The gram-scale preparation of aryl ketone through this strategy was easily achieved by using only 3 mol % of the iron catalyst. As a proof-of-concept, the bioactive molecule flurprimidol was synthesized in two steps by using this strategy.

RESUMEN

This study described an efficient and practical approach for amide synthesis. The reaction was conducted under metal- and solvent-free conditions at a mild temperature (40 °C) in air, and readily available formamides were used as an amino source. This reaction can be easily upgraded to the gram level with an excellent yield.

RESUMEN

The MoS2-catalyzed transamidation reaction with high yields using N,N-dimethylformamide and other amides as carbonyl sources is developed here. The protocol is simple, does not require any additive such as acid, base, ligand, etc., and encompasses a broad substrate scope for primary, secondary and heterocyclic amines. Moreover, the acetylation and propanylation of amines also can be achieved with good to excellent yield by this strategy.

RESUMEN

A mild and practical tandem oxidative ring-opening/cyclization reaction mediated by Ce4+ for the synthesis of 1-tetralones is presented. This rapid transformation was completed within 30 s and conducted in an open reactor at 0 °C in a water-acetonitrile mixture. Various cyclobutanol derivatives are transformed into desired products in good to high yields, and this reaction can be easily scaled up to the gram scale.

RESUMEN

A direct, regiospecific, and efficient palladium-catalyzed α-ketoesterification of 8-methylquinoline derivatives to generate α-ketoesters has been discovered. This reaction is conducted at a mild temperature, free of peroxide, and compatible with air, and various α-ketoesters were achieved with good yields. Importantly, this reaction can be easily amplified to gram level using only 1 mol % of the palladium catalyst, indicating that there is the potential for further reduction of the amount of catalyst loading required for large-scale production.