RESUMEN
The quality of starchy foods is highly correlated with their amylose content. After boiling or roasting, the amylose content in cooked chestnut starch decreased to 16.6-26.8%, which was significantly lower than that of raw chestnut starch (26.6-28.1%). After cooking, the pasting temperature and peak time increased, while the breakdown, peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback of starches decreased. The amylose content showed a negative correlation with the pasting characteristics of the starch gel of cooked chestnut. The amylose content negatively affected the springiness and chewiness of starch gel, and positively correlated with its cohesiveness and stringiness. The freeze-thaw stability of starch from cooked chestnut was lower than that of raw chestnut. The amylose content was negatively correlated with freeze-thaw stability and positively correlated with the solubility of starch. The results demonstrated that amylose plays an important role in the pasting and gel texture properties of starch during cooking.
Asunto(s)
Amilosa/química , Fagaceae/química , Almidón/química , Amilosa/metabolismo , Fagaceae/metabolismo , Congelación , Geles/química , Nueces/química , Nueces/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Almidón/metabolismo , Temperatura , ViscosidadRESUMEN
The characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), based on similarity of caculation on public peaks by MATLAB software, and the feasibility of new dairy technology of microwave method was explored between XRD and the dissolution rate in artificial simulation gastric juices. The result showed that similarity of shared peak in XRD of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was > 95%, This XRD characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi had strong specificity, could be used to provide a reference for identification and quality evaluation. This study also showed that the similarity of microware dairy products and conventional dairy products was good, and the sample of microwave 15 min was the best, and new dairy method by the microwave could replace the traditional method.
Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Leche/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Química Farmacéutica/instrumentación , Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Microondas , Control de Calidad , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
Streak tube imaging lidar (STIL) is an active imaging system using a pulsed laser transmitter and a streak tube receiver to produce 3D range and intensity imagery. The STIL has recently attracted a great deal of interest and attention due to its advantages of wide azimuth field-of-view, high range and angle resolution, and high frame rate. This work investigates the signal-to-noise performance of STIL systems. A theoretical model for characterizing the signal-to-noise performance of the STIL system with an internal or external intensified streak tube receiver is presented, based on the linear cascaded systems theory of signal and noise propagation. The STIL system is decomposed into a series of cascaded imaging chains whose signal and noise transfer properties are described by the general (or the spatial-frequency dependent) noise factors (NFs). Expressions for the general NFs of the cascaded chains (or the main components) in the STIL system are derived. The work presented here is useful for the design and evaluation of STIL systems.
RESUMEN
In the preceding paper (referred to here as paper I), we presented a general signal-to-noise performance analysis of a streak tube imaging lidar (STIL) system within the framework of linear cascaded systems theory. A cascaded model is proposed for characterizing the signal-to-noise performance of a STIL system with an internal or external intensified streak tube receiver. The STIL system can be decomposed into a series of cascaded imaging chains whose signal and noise transfer properties are described by the general (or the spatial-frequency dependent) noise factors (NFs). Equations for the general NFs of the cascaded chains (or the main components) in the STIL system are derived. This work investigates the signal-to-noise performance of an external intensified STIL system. The implementation of the cascaded model for predicting and evaluating the signal-to-noise performance of the external intensified STIL system is described. Some factors that limit the signal-to-noise performance of the external intensified STIL system are analyzed and discussed.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence and angiographic features of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in patients without prior myocardial infarction. METHODS: Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation occurred in 15 out of 4601 consecutive patients without prior myocardial infarction underwent treadmill exercise testing during a 2-year period. The coronary angiographic features of the 15 patients (13 males, aged between 40 - 75 years) were analyzed. RESULTS: Coronary angiography revealed one hemodynamically relevant stenotic vessel in 6 patients, two hemodynamically relevant stenotic vessels in 6 patients, three hemodynamically relevant stenotic vessels in 3 patients. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was affected in 12 patients. Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis was evidenced in 1 patient and right coronary artery stenosis in 7 patients. Severe (90% - 100%) occlusions were visualized in 8 out of 13 patients with LAD or LMCA lesions. Elevated ST-segment leads were consistent with the ischemic area where the blood supply of myocardium was affected by diseased vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of exercise induced ST-segment elevation in patients without prior myocardial infarction is very low and mostly due to severe fixed coronary artery stenosis, especially in LAD. The location of ischemic myocardium can be suggested by ST-segment elevation leads during exercise.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/fisiopatología , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Adulto , Anciano , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cathepsin B is a prominent lysosomal protease and is involved in apoptosis as well as degradation of myofibrillar proteins in myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate myocardial cathepsin B expression in failing and non-failing human hearts. METHODS: Tissue samples were taken from transplanted left ventricles from 20 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 5 non-failing donor hearts that could not be transplanted for technical reasons. Myocardial cathepsin B expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Positive cathepsin B staining was found in failing and non-failing hearts. The expression of cathepsin B at mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher in failing hearts compared with non-failing hearts. Correlation analysis revealed that cathepsin B at mRNA and protein levels negatively correlated with EF (r=0.66, p=0.002 and r=0.492, p=0.028, respectively) in patients with heart failure. The apoptotic index was 0.015+/-0.006 in failing hearts and 0.002+/-0.001 in non-failing hearts (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased myocardial expression of cathepsin B was found in patients with heart failure suggesting that cathepsin B might play a role in the genesis and development of heart failure.