Asunto(s)
Leucemia/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Radiación Ionizante , Niño , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Pediatría/historia , Monitoreo de Radiación , Protección Radiológica , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Establishment of a consistent bedtime routine (the activities that occur right before lights out) is often recommended as part of healthy sleep habits. However, no studies have investigated the dose-dependent association of a bedtime routine with sleep outcomes, especially in young children for whom they are particularly recommended. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of a consistent bedtime routine with sleep outcomes in young children (ages 0 through 5 y) in a large global sample and assess whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of a bedtime routine both concurrently and retrospectively with sleep outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Mothers of 10,085 children (Australia-New Zealand, Canada, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States) completed the Brief Infant/Child Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS: A consistent bedtime routine was associated with better sleep outcomes, including earlier bedtimes, shorter sleep onset latency, reduced night wakings, and increased sleep duration. Decreased parent-perceived sleep problems and daytime behavior problems were also related to institution of a regular bedtime routine. Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent relationship, with better outcomes associated with increased "doses" of having a bedtime routine, both currently and retrospectively, and was found within both predominantly Asian and predominantly Caucasian cultural regions. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that having a regular nightly bedtime routine is associated with improved sleep in young children, and suggests that the more consistently a bedtime routine is instituted and the younger started the better.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Infantil/fisiología , Sueño/fisiología , Pueblo Asiatico/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Conducta del Lactante/fisiología , Recién Nacido , Internacionalidad , Masculino , Madres/psicología , Medicina del Sueño/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo , Estados Unidos , Vigilia/fisiología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and correlates of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in primary school children, and to compare the prevalence of NE in children with and those without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN: Parents of children aged 6-11 years completed a questionnaire eliciting information on sleep-related symptoms, demography, and family and past medical history. Children screened due to high risk for OSA, along with a randomly chosen low-risk group, underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). RESULTS: A total of 6147 children (3032 girls) were studied. The overall prevalence of NE (≥1 wet night/month) was 4.6% (6.7% of boys and 2.5% of girls). Boys had a significantly greater prevalence across all age groups. In 597 children (215 girls) who underwent PSG, the prevalence of NE was not greater in children with OSA, but was increased with increasing severity of OSA in girls only. Boys with NE had longer deep sleep duration. Sex and sleep-related symptoms were associated with NE. CONCLUSIONS: This community-based study demonstrated a sex-associated prevalence of NE in relation to increasing OSA severity.
Asunto(s)
Enuresis Nocturna/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Enuresis , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hong Kong/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Enuresis Nocturna/etiología , Enuresis Nocturna/fisiopatología , Polisomnografía , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Sueño/fisiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To compare ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in nonoverweight, prepubertal children with and without primary snoring (PS), and to investigate whether PS is a part of the dose-response relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and BP in children. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional community-based study involving 190 children age 6 to 13 years. Each participant underwent an overnight sleep study and ABP monitoring after completing a validated sleep symptoms questionnaire. Individual systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial BP were calculated for wake and sleep periods. Subjects were hypertensive if mean SBP or DBP was > 95th percentile (relative to sex and height) of reference. RESULTS: A total of 56 nonsnoring controls, 46 children with PS, 62 children with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 1 to 3, and 26 children with an AHI > 3 were identified. The daytime and nighttime BP increased across the severity spectrum of SDB. The dose-response trends for the proportion of subjects with nighttime systolic and diastolic hypertension also were significant. Nighttime DBP was significantly higher in the children with PS compared with controls after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: PS was demonstrated to be an aspect of the dose-response relationship between SDB and BP in children and should not be considered completely benign.