RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to register antibody prevalences of HHV-7 in various locations of the world in comparison to the closely related HHV-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera of healthy blood donors from nine countries in five continents were titered by indirect immunofluorescent assays using HHV-6 infected HSB2 and HHV-7 infected SupT1 cells. RESULTS: Antibody prevalence for HHV-7 is high (75-98%) in practically all countries except for Northern Japan (44%), with no simple correlation to elevated HHV-6 antibody titers. There were regions of low, intermediate and high mean antibody titers against HHV-7 such as 78.5-91.3 for Belgium, Israel, Japan, USA and Australia, 175.4-182.6 for Mexico and Cologne/Germany, and 389.2 for South Africa for which geographic characteristics may be responsible. CONCLUSION: HHV-7, similar to HHV-6, is a widespread human herpesvirus with elevated antibody titers in the healthy human population essentially everywhere. The data warrant further studies to evaluate its possible pathologic potential, preferentially in persons with defective immune responses.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 6/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 7/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia/epidemiología , Bélgica/epidemiología , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Israel/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We report a male caucasian German pediatric patient of no Arab or Mediterranean ancestry with virus associated CNS lesions in Griscelli's syndrome (GS; McKusick No. 214450). The boy presented with recurrent infections, and meningitis with subsequent progressive signs of increased intracranial pressure leading to death at 32 weeks of age. At autopsy, various sites of the CNS revealed necroses in gray and white matter. CNS histology revealed numerous and massive predominantly perivascular CD8 positive lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. These findings were associated strictly with the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) genome or the HHV-6 specific late antigen H-AR 3, found in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The search for HHV-6 replication dependent antigen, HHV-7 DNA, CMV, adenovirus, Coxsackie B1, B2, and B4-antigens, and mycobacteria was not successful. Detection of viruses was attempted using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization or nested polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Lymphocyte typing was carried out immunohistochemically. In GS, virus induced CNS damage does not seem to require necessarily active virus replication. It may also appear as a consequence of an immune reaction triggered by antigen expression.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Herpesviridae/complicaciones , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Leucoencefalitis Hemorrágica Aguda/virología , Meningitis Viral/virología , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/virología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/inmunología , Resultado Fatal , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 6/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 6/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Meningitis Viral/inmunología , Síndrome , Proteínas Virales/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The aim of our study in Niger was to compare the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in a rural "normal" population and in a group of patients presenting at the hospital with signs of chronic liver disease: to estimate this seroprevalence, we used 4 second generation ELISA screening and 3 confirmatory tests (LIA, RIBA and PCR); genotyping was performed on PCR positive sera, using Inno-LIPA HCV. We could not find a statistically significant difference (Fisher's exact test) between the two groups of healthy and sick people (2.5 versus 5.4% for seroprevalence and 2.5 versus 3.2% for viremia). Our study didn't find any relationship between hepatitis C infection, blood transfusion or surgery; other major ways of transmission of hepatitis C have to be considered. The predominant genotype detected was 2a.
Asunto(s)
Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatitis C/inmunología , Hepatopatías/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Enfermedad Crónica , Genotipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Niger , Población RuralAsunto(s)
Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , ARN Viral/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Donantes de Sangre , Femenino , Hepatitis C/genética , Hepatitis C/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niger/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Pruebas SerológicasRESUMEN
HHV-6 infected immature T (HSB2) and Hodgkin (HDLM2) cells and biopsy tissues from lymph nodes of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and Kikuchi lymphadenitis (KL) were studied immunohistologically for virus antigen expression and for the oncogene/anti-oncogene products ras, bcl-2 and p53. Cell proliferation and cell death were tentatively monitored in tissue culture by PCNA staining, by viability testing and in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA. PCNA was also used in biopsy samples. KL is characterized by high incidences of focal cell death (i.e. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis), while HD is apparently more a proliferative disease. The techniques used revealed no significant differences in the cellular expression of viral DNA or antigens among cell lines, HD or KL. The HDLM2 cell line with the superior survival after HHV-6 infection showed a significantly lower expression of p53 and PCNA than HSB2 cells. Biopsy samples from patients with KL did not express p53, and ras and PCNA were observed in fewer cells than in HD. Bcl-2, however, was significantly more frequently seen than in HD. The interpretation of the data is difficult; they suggest that there are additional regulatory influences in control of cell proliferation and cell death, such as cytokines and growth factors, which are altered after viral infection. Also, virus-induced cell death probably includes other mechanisms besides apoptosis, such as cell damage caused by oxygen radicals.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/genética , División Celular/genética , Transformación Celular Viral/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Biopsia , Línea Celular Transformada , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/genética , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Linfadenitis/genética , Linfadenitis/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Células Tumorales Cultivadas/patologíaRESUMEN
Thirty patients with AIDS-related complex/Walter-Reed 5 enrolled in a placebo-controlled double-blind study with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin administration were tested by quantitating HIV Western blot and other serological tests for viral antibodies. Furthermore, conventional virus isolation attempts were performed. Absence or loss of p24 antibodies during the study period was associated with progression to AIDS (p = 0.01) and thereby was an earlier prognostic parameter of a poor prognosis than T4 cell count. Neither changes in antibody patterns against other HIV polypeptides, HIV titers in the immunofluorescence test nor demonstration of HIV antigen were significantly associated with progression to AIDS. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) could be isolated from two duodenal biopsies of a patient who developed AIDS at the same time, but a concomitant serological diagnosis of CMV infection was not successful. Though signs in the serology of human herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, CMV, Epstein-Barr virus), possibly indicating a reactivation of latent infections, could be observed in some instances, a correlation with clinical symptoms or the clinical outcome was not feasible, perhaps also because of a poor standardization of some of the test kits used. All patients were positive for IgG antibodies against the three herpesviruses when entering the study. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers was found (83% anti-HBc positive), only 1 patient being chronically infected and highly infectious, as shown by HBV-DNA hybridization. No significant difference between treatment and placebo group was observed with the parameters tested in this study.