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AIM: The aim was to explore 1) the relationship between nursing faculty attributes and their experiences with workplace incivility and 2) the impact of experiences with workplace incivility on the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty. BACKGROUND: Qualitative evidence suggests that workplace incivility impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty. This has not been explored in a quantitative manner. METHOD: A cross-sectional, correlational survey was distributed to nursing faculty teaching in the southeastern United States. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and hierarchical multivariate multiple regression. RESULTS: Faculty age, full-time status, highest degree earned, orientation programs, and program type were significantly related to experiences with workplace incivility. Workplace incivility was significantly related to an increase in headaches, sleep disturbances, and digestive problems and a decrease in subjective well-being. CONCLUSION: Workplace incivility significantly impacts the physical and psychological health of nursing faculty.
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Incivilidad , Estudios Transversales , Docentes de Enfermería , Humanos , Salud Mental , Sudeste de Estados UnidosRESUMEN
AIM: The purpose of this study was to describe nursing faculty experiences with workplace incivility and the effect it has on their health. This article reports results of the qualitative portion of a larger study. BACKGROUND: Nursing faculty have reported the physical and psychological impact of incivility on their lives. The negative effects that workplace incivility, specifically, has on nursing faculty require ongoing research and attention. METHOD: Using an electronic survey, 249 nursing faculty from one Southeastern US state responded to two open-ended questions about workplace incivility and its effects. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories related to experiences with workplace incivility emerged: the experience; personal and professional impact; a reciprocal, organizational culture problem; and survival. CONCLUSION: Nursing faculty experiences with workplace incivility constitute an organizational culture problem with both personal and professional implications.
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Incivilidad , Docentes de Enfermería , Humanos , Cultura Organizacional , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Self-evaluation is required for institutions of higher learning and the nursing programs within them. The literature provides information on evaluation models and instruments, and descriptions of how specific nursing education programs are evaluated. However, there are few discussions in the nursing education literature of the practical aspects of nursing education program evaluation: how to get started, how to keep track of data, who to involve in data collection, and how to manage challenging criteria. This article discusses the importance of program evaluation in the academic setting and provides information on practical ways to organize the evaluation process and aggregate data, and strategies for gathering data from students, graduates, alumni, and employers of graduates.
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Bachillerato en Enfermería/organización & administración , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería/métodos , Docentes de Enfermería , Humanos , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
Nurse educators are concerned about legal implications of teaching students in clinical settings. Although literature is available about legal issues in working with students in the classroom, there is little recent information on clinical nursing faculty's legal liability when working with students and ways to reduce the risk of becoming involved in a lawsuit. This article discusses the major issues in clinical settings that contribute to lawsuits against faculty and offers suggestions to reduce legal liability with students in clinical settings.
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Educación en Enfermería/legislación & jurisprudencia , Docentes de Enfermería , Responsabilidad Legal , Preceptoría/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gestión de Riesgos/métodos , Humanos , Relaciones Interprofesionales , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Enseñanza/métodosRESUMEN
The purpose of this article is to share the growing body of literature on Internet use by childbearing women and to present findings of our pilot study done to learn more about this population's information-seeking behaviors. In our sample of 42 women, 97 percent used the Internet to seek health information. They searched for the purposes of decision making, anticipatory guidance, connecting and for general information. Nurses and other health care providers should anticipate that women are using the Internet for health information and should be proactive in referring them to reputable websites and helping them identify trustworthy websites as part of routine prenatal care and childbirth education. Because so many women use the Internet, this is also a feasible venue for nursing research recruitment and potential intervention delivery.
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Conducta en la Búsqueda de Información , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Madres/educación , Enfermeras Clínicas/educación , Investigación en Enfermería/métodos , Parto , Toma de Decisiones , Femenino , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Embarazo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Cultural competence is a stated value of nursing and nursing education. However, some institutional and traditional practices in nursing education can unintentionally impede nurses from achieving cultural competence. Both the literature and interviews with nurse educators show that despite educators' intentions to treat all students the same, nontraditional students may feel singled out and may in fact be singled out for closer scrutiny because of their difference from the demographic norms of nursing students. To ensure that the nursing profession reflects the composition of the patient population it serves, nurse educators must first acknowledge the Eurocentric culture of nursing education and, then, work to change the environment in which students are recruited, learn, and take on the role of beginning practicing nurses.
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Competencia Cultural , Educación en Enfermería/organización & administración , Estudiantes de EnfermeríaRESUMEN
Making the decision to pass or to fail a nursing student is difficult for nurse educators, yet one that all educators face at some point in time. To make this decision, nurse educators draw from their past experiences and personal reflections on the situation. Using the qualitative method of critical incident technique, the authors asked educators to describe a time when they had to make a decision about whether to pass or fail a student in the clinical setting. The findings describe student and faculty factors important in clinical evaluation decisions, demonstrate the benefits of reflective practice to nurse educators, and support the utility of critical incident technique not only as research methodology, but also as a technique for reflective practice.
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Competencia Clínica , Toma de Decisiones , Bachillerato en Enfermería , Evaluación Educacional , Docentes de Enfermería , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to examine how culture influenced breast-feeding decisions in African American and white women, using the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality as a framework. One hundred eighty-six participants responded to the following: The word culture means beliefs and traditions passed down by your family and friends. How has culture affected how you plan to feed your baby? Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Four categories of responses were identified: influences of family, known benefits of breast-feeding, influences of friends, and personal choice. The findings suggest that race alone may not be as influential in infant feeding decisions as other factors. Although some women acknowledged the effect of their cultural background and experiences, most women reported that their culture did not affect their infant feeding decision. In this population, breast-feeding decisions were based on the influences of family, friends, self, and the perceived knowledge of breast-feeding benefits. Although breast-feeding statistics are commonly reported by race, cultural influences on infant feeding decisions may transcend race and include the influence of family and friends, learned information from impersonal sources, and information that is shared and observed from other people.
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Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Lactancia Materna , Diversidad Cultural , Conducta Materna , Población Blanca/psicología , Adulto , Lactancia Materna/etnología , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta de Elección , Comparación Transcultural , Demografía , Relaciones Familiares/etnología , Femenino , Amigos/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Conducta Materna/etnología , Conducta Materna/psicología , North Carolina , Investigación Cualitativa , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
This study describes the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful clinical performance in prelicensure nursing students. Clinical evaluation is an important role of nurse educators; however, many feel uncomfortable with its subjective nature, and commonly used criteria for successful and unsuccessful clinical performance are not available in the literature. Using a qualitative descriptive design, we analyzed telephone interviews with 24 nurse educators. Educators indicated successful students were positive and eager to learn, built relationships, communicated well, think critically, prepared for the clinical experience and showed progress, accepted feedback, and adapted to the clinical setting. Unsuccessful students were unprepared for the clinical experience, were unable to function in the clinical area, were unsafe, violated legal-ethical principles, and had difficulty with communication skills. Specific characteristics differentiated students who are considered satisfactory in the clinical area and those who are not. These behaviors may identify students at risk of failure in clinical courses.
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Competencia Clínica/normas , Preceptoría , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Logro , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Comunicación , Ética en Enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad , North Carolina , Seguridad del Paciente , PensamientoRESUMEN
In 1972, Mary Lou Moore wrote about the importance of nurses in the United States becoming aware of childbirth traditions of other countries. In 2010, North America has become more culturally diverse, and the dominant culture related to childbirth has become the hospital culture. Nurses must acknowledge this unique culture and work to make women of all cultures comfortable in this setting to ensure a safe and satisfying childbearing experience.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Características Culturales , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud/etnología , Conducta Materna/etnología , Parto/etnología , Diversidad Cultural , Femenino , Humanos , Partería/métodos , Embarazo , Medio Social , Apoyo Social , Valores Sociales , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore issues related to initiating and sustaining breastfeeding in African American women. DESIGN: Qualitative design using focus groups, guided by Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality. SETTING: Three different regions of a southeastern state in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen self-identified African American women who had recently breastfed were recruited by lactation consultants and by word of mouth. METHODS: Three focus groups were conducted with initial guiding questions. New ideas that emerged were fully explored in the group and included as a guiding question for the next group. RESULTS: Categories identified from the data were reasons to start and stop breastfeeding, advice about breastfeeding that was useful or not useful, and cultural issues related to breastfeeding that were perceived to be unique among African Americans. Three overall themes were identified that cut across categories: perceived lack of information about benefits and management of breastfeeding, difficulties breastfeeding in public, and lack of a support system for continued breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Women need to be taught early in their pregnancies about the benefits of breastfeeding and offered continuing support and teaching once breastfeeding is established. Peer support groups for breastfeeding African American women should be established.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/etnología , Características Culturales , Partería/métodos , Madres/educación , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Conducta de Elección , Consejo/métodos , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Recién Nacido , Madres/psicología , Rol de la Enfermera , Factores Socioeconómicos , Sudeste de Estados Unidos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Many schools of nursing are hiring part-time clinical instructors with little or no teaching experience. Although they contribute greatly to student nurses' clinical experience, many do not realize the commitment they are making when they accept such a position. If key issues are addressed before new part-time clinical instructors begin teaching, the transition could be made more smoothly. An in-depth orientation, awareness of the need for preparation for clinical rotations, and strategies to assist students in achieving course objectives can guide new instructors as they begin this venture. Preparing new part-time clinical instructors from the beginning will give them a more accurate picture of clinical education, increasing their recruitment and retention and providing students with quality learning experiences.
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Docentes de Enfermería , Capacitación en Servicio , Enfermeras Clínicas , Práctica del Docente de Enfermería , Docentes de Enfermería/provisión & distribución , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Health care providers face many challenges when providing prenatal care. This article reports on a program called Prenatal Care: the Beginning of a Lifetime (PCBL), to implement standardized prenatal care in central North Carolina. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if there were differences in patient outcomes between a control group and 3 groups (A, B, and C) of increasing levels of intervention in standardized prenatal care. A total of 150 patients were enrolled and followed through delivery. There were no significant differences between the groups in cigarette smoking status, weight gain, genetic screening, sexually transmitted infection screening, diabetes screening, domestic violence assessment, 17P candidacy assessment, gestational age at delivery, or infant birth weight. However, a significant difference was found in depression screening. An association between intervention group membership and likelihood of being screened for depression was found in each trimester. As the level of intervention increased, the number of participants screened for depression increased significantly.
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PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this study was to revise and test an instrument to identify, during the early postpartum period, women at risk for early breast-feeding attrition. This study was completed in two phases: the first phase tested a revision of the Breast-Feeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT); the second, a new instrument, the Breast-Feeding Attitude Scale (BrAS), which was adapted from the BAPT. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The two phases of this study involved 415 pregnant and postpartum women. Women answered questions either by phone (pregnant women) or in their hospital rooms after delivery (postpartum women). Data were analyzed using t tests and reliability analysis. RESULTS: The BAPT did not predict early breast-feeding attrition; however, the BrAS did differentiate between the attitudes of breast-feeding women and those of formula-feeding women and had adequate reliability. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Women at risk for early breast-feeding attrition should be identified early so nursing interventions can be directed toward preventing early unintended weaning. Although the BrAS did not reliably identify women at risk in this sample, it did highlight important differences between breast-feeding and formula-feeding women that can be used in designing preconceptional or prenatal educational assessments and interventions.
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Lactancia Materna/psicología , Madres/psicología , Evaluación en Enfermería/métodos , Cooperación del Paciente/psicología , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Alimentación con Biberón/psicología , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Familia/psicología , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Conducta Materna , Madres/educación , Negativismo , North Carolina , Evaluación en Enfermería/normas , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Cooperación del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Medición de Riesgo/normas , Apoyo Social , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the types of help women received with breastfeeding both in the hospital and at home and the reasons why women stopped breastfeeding earlier than intended. DESIGN: A descriptive design with open-ended questions. SETTING: After participant recruitment in the postpartum hospital room, data were collected by phone 8 weeks after delivery. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred seventy-nine women planning to breastfeed for at least 8 weeks after uncomplicated delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Breastfeeding status at 8 weeks postpartum; report of help with breastfeeding in the hospital and at home. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of women were still breastfeeding at 8 weeks, although 37% of those reported supplementing with formula. Of those who had stopped, the most common reason was insufficient milk supply. Other reasons included painful nipples and latch problems, personal reasons, returning to work or school, and drugs/illness of the mother or baby. Most women received help with breastfeeding in the hospital, but only 55% received help with breastfeeding after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The primary reasons for early cessation of breastfeeding are amenable to nursing intervention. Every opportunity should be taken to address these issues both in the hospital and through follow-up calls.
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Actitud Frente a la Salud , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Madres/psicología , Apoyo Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuidados Posteriores , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/psicología , Femenino , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Intención , Trastornos de la Lactancia/psicología , Madres/educación , Rol de la Enfermera , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/organización & administración , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Dolor/psicología , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Atención Posnatal/métodos , Atención Posnatal/psicología , Investigación Cualitativa , Sudeste de Estados Unidos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Few women breastfeed for 6 months or longer, and many who stop breastfeeding do so in the early postpartum period. To increase the number of breastfeeding mothers, health-care providers need to identify women at greatest risk for early breastfeeding attrition. This integrative review describes instruments used to assess breastfeeding in the early postpartum period and reports the results of studies using these tools. The instruments are then evaluated for similarities in variables and usefulness for clinical practice.
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This article addresses responses from two open-ended questions, describing the healthy behaviors and sources of health information in 150 low-income pregnant women. Data for this exploratory study were collected as part of a larger descriptive correlational study. Qualitative content analysis was used in the analysis. One hundred fifty English-speaking pregnant women aged 18 and over were interviewed at a public prenatal clinic in the Southeastern United States at their first prenatal visit. Health behaviors were placed into seven mutually exclusive categories: food-related behaviors, substance-related behavior, exercise/rest/activity, self-awareness/appearance, learning, focus on baby, and no specific behaviors. Sources of information questions were placed into seven mutually exclusive categories: family, health personnel, reading, hearing, other people, self-intuitive, and no response. Low-income pregnant women are aware of healthy behaviors and report practicing them during their pregnancies. Because family members are a common source of information for health practices, they should be included in health education efforts.
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Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Difusión de la Información , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Concienciación , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Medicamentos sin Prescripción , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermería en Salud Pública/organización & administración , Fumar/epidemiología , Sudeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Faculty stress is a factor in the current shortage of nursing faculty. New faculty members in schools of nursing are subject to stress from many sources. This article reports on an innovative strategy that decreases stress for new faculty while facilitating faculty tenure success.