RESUMEN
The detection of antibody to the Borrelia burgdorferi C6 peptide by use of enzyme-linked immunoassays is a widely accepted method for the diagnosis of Lyme disease spirochete infection in dogs and in humans. Antibody to the C6 peptide is highly specific for B. burgdorferi and declines following treatment of dogs and humans exposed to B. burgdorferi. A quantitative assay for determining C6 antibody levels was developed and used to measure changes in antibody levels following antibiotic treatment of B. burgdorferi antibody-positive nonclinical dogs. One hundred thirty-two client-owned dogs were used in the study; 64 were negative, 53 of 68 positive animals received treatment, and 15 were untreated controls. Test sera were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months from seropositive dogs receiving treatment and untreated controls. Dogs in the treated group were assigned to moderate-to-high (> or =29 U/ml)- and low (<29 U/ml)-C6-level groups because the change in the C6 level after treatment was dependent on the level prior to treatment. There were significant declines in the 30 dogs with moderate-to-high initial C6 levels that exceeded the maximal declines of the untreated control dogs in all cases at 6 months (16 data points) and 12 months (29 data points) posttreatment. There was little change in C6 level following antibiotic therapy in the 23 dogs with low initial C6 levels. The quantitative C6 antibody test can be used to measure changes in C6 antibody levels following treatment of antibody-positive nonclinical dogs.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Borrelia burgdorferi/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Lipoproteínas/inmunología , Enfermedad de Lyme/inmunología , Enfermedad de Lyme/veterinaria , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Enfermedad de Lyme/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Lyme/microbiología , Oligopéptidos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
One group of eight beagles was treated with a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin 7 days before exposure to Ixodes scapularis ticks that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A second group of eight beagles was not treated and was also exposed to infected ticks. Seven of eight non-treated dogs--but none of the treated dogs--developed specific antibodies to A. phagocytophilum. Results of this study indicate that a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin can prevent transmission of A. phagocytophilum to dogs if administered before exposure to infected ticks.
Asunto(s)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Vectores Arácnidos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Insecticidas/uso terapéutico , Ixodes/microbiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/transmisión , Perros , Ehrlichiosis/prevención & control , Ehrlichiosis/transmisión , Femenino , Imidazoles/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Neonicotinoides , Nitrocompuestos , Permetrina/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The efficacy of a commercially available in-office kit (SNAP 3Dx, IDEXX Laboratories) for detection of antibodies directed against an invariable region (IR6) of the B. burgdorferi surface protein VlsE (Vmp-like sequence, Expressed), a surface antigen of the spirochete recognized during active infection has been evaluated in dogs. The present study was conducted to determine whether this in-office test could be useful for detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in cats. Cats owned by clients of a veterinary hospital located in an area hyperendemic for Lyme disease were included in the study. When possible, cats with an outdoor lifestyle, bite wounds, or current tick infestation were recruited for the study to help ensure that animals with a likelihood of exposure to natural infection by B. burgdorferi would be included in the test group. Of the 24 cats tested, 17 samples were positive for antibodies to B. burgdorferi by the C6 ELISA kit. For all 17 of these samples, a duplicate sample tested by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was in agreement with the ELISA. Five samples were negative by both assays. Two samples that were negative by the C6 ELISA test had low IFA titers (1:100). One of these two discrepant samples was negative and one was positive for antibodies to B. burgdorferi by the Western blot test. It was concluded that the C6 ELISA test performed with good agreement with the IFA and Western blot tests for detection of antibody to B. burgdorferi in the majority of cats tested. The test offers the advantages of producing a result rapidly (approximately 8 minutes), and it requires only two drops of serum, plasma, or whole blood.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Enfermedad de Lyme/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Borrelia burgdorferi/inmunología , Borrelia burgdorferi/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/patología , Gatos , Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/normas , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente/veterinaria , Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnóstico , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico/normas , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico/veterinariaRESUMEN
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with a purified recombinant 44-kDa protein and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining methods incorporating whole-cell antigens of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent were used to detect antibodies to Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup organisms in cattle sera. The cattle lived in tick-infested areas of Connecticut, USA and were healthy at the times blood samples were collected in 1990, 1999 and 2000. Of the 339 serum samples analysed, 40 (12%) and 15 (4%) were positive by ELISA and IFA, respectively. Western immunoblots of a subset of sera verified antibody reactivity of six serum samples, positive by ELISA with titres of 640-2,560, to a protein with a molecular mass of c. 44 kDa. Although seroprevalence rates were low, cattle were exposed to the HGE agent at different sites and should be monitored for anaemia, leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, especially if there is evidence of unexplained decreased milk production. Different serological testing methods should be used to detect immunoglobulins.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Ehrlichia/inmunología , Ehrlichiosis/veterinaria , Animales , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Connecticut/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano/sangre , Ehrlichia/genética , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiología , Ehrlichiosis/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estaciones del Año , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
A commercially available C6 ELISA kit was used to detect antibodies induced by natural infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs that lived in an area endemic for Lyme disease. Rates of infection were determined both for nonvaccinated dogs and those that had been vaccinated with a whole-cell B. burgdorferi bacterin (Lyme Vax, Fort Dodge Animal Health) before 6 months of age and were boostered annually. Vaccinated dogs had an infection rate of 5% (8 of 163), whereas 64% (25 of 39) of the non-vaccinated dogs were positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies. The preventable fraction, determined by comparing infection rates in unvaccinated and vaccinated dogs, was 92.2% (95% confidence interval: 84.3% to 96.3%). In addition, screening of nonvaccinated dogs at six Connecticut clinics (Middletown, Portland, Essex, Old Lyme, Durham, and Marlborough) with the C6 ELISA test revealed infection rates ranging from 41% to 73%, demonstrating a high level of infected dogs in the area. It was concluded that emphasis should be placed on vaccinating young dogs at risk for Lyme disease before they are exposed to infected ticks. Results of this study support the value of immunization with this whole-cell Lyme disease bacterin for dogs at risk for infection by B. burgdorferi.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Vacunas Bacterianas/uso terapéutico , Borrelia burgdorferi/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Lyme/veterinaria , Animales , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Connecticut/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/sangre , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Enfermedad de Lyme/prevención & control , Masculino , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vacunación/veterinariaRESUMEN
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with separate preparations of 10 purified recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto were used to test sera from 36 dogs not vaccinated with whole cells of this agent and from five dogs vaccinated with whole-cell B. burgdorferi bacteria. All dogs lived in tick-infested areas of Connecticut and south-eastern New York state, USA. The non-vaccinated dogs had limb or joint disorder, lameness and fever during the period 1984-1991 and had antibodies to B. burgdorferi, as determined by a polyvalent ELISA with whole-cell antigen. In re-analyses of sera for total immunoglobulins in ELISAs with recombinant antigens, reactions were most frequently recorded when outer-surface protein (Osp) F, protein (p)35, p37, p39 and p-41G (a flagellin component) were tested separately. Western immunoblots of a subset of 16 sera, positive by ELISA with whole-cell antigen and representing a range of antibody titres (640-40960), verified immune responses to these or other lysed whole-cell antigens. Sera from vaccinated dogs contained antibodies to OspA, OspB, p22, p37 and p41-G. Therefore, serological reactions to OspF, p35 and p39 were the most important indicators of natural exposure to B. burgdorferi. Serum reactivities to these recombinant antigens in ELISAs can be used to help identify possible natural infections of canine borreliosis in dogs not vaccinated with whole-cell B. burgdorferi and to provide information on the geographic distribution of this bacterium.