RESUMEN
En la actualidad cada vez más familias optan por seguir una alimentación basada en plantas (ABP). Es fundamental que pediatras y agentes de salud conozcan estos tipos de patrones alimentarios para asesorar adecuadamente a sus pacientes y derivarlos oportunamente a especialistas capacitados con el objetivo de garantizar un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo principalmente en la edad pediátrica, evitando posibles consecuencias negativas sobre la salud. La mayoría de las sociedades científicas del mundo considera a las dietas vegetarianas apropiadas para todas las etapas de la vida si están correctamente planificadas, suplementadas y con un seguimiento adecuado por especialistas capacitados. Con respecto a las dietas veganas existen controversias por parte de las distintas sociedades con respecto a si son adecuadas o no en pediatría. Recientemente se han revisado las descripciones respecto a las tipificaciones de una ABP y se ha propuesto una definición estándar de estos tipos de dieta. Los riesgos más significativos asociados a la mala planificación de estas dietas son las deficiencias de calcio, vitamina D y vitamina B12, aunque también se debe tener en cuenta el estado del zinc, selenio, yodo y los ácidos grasos Omega 3. Es importante la planificación diaria de un plato nutricionalmente completo y es incuestionable que quienes siguen estos patrones alimentarios reciban suplementos con vitamina B12 adecuados para cada etapa de la vida. Se requieren más estudios en pediatría para evaluar los efectos de las distintas ABP sobre la ingesta de nutrientes, el estado nutricional, el crecimiento, desarrollo y la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles (AU)
Currently, an increasing number of families are choosing to follow a plant-based diet (PBD). It is essential that pediatricians and healthcare agents know these types of dietary patterns in order to properly advise their patients and refer them to trained specialists to ensure adequate growth and development, especially in the pediatric age, avoiding possible negative health consequences. Most of the world's scientific societies consider vegetarian diets appropriate for all stages of life if they are adequately planned, supplemented and monitored by trained specialists. However, there is controversy among different societies regarding the appropriateness of vegan diets for children. Recently, there has been a review of descriptions concerning the characteristics of a plant-based diet, leading to a proposed standard definition for these types of diets. The most significant risks associated with poorly planned diets are calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 deficiencies, although zinc, selenium, iodine and omega-3 fatty acid status should also be considered. The daily planning of a nutritionally complete meal is important and it is imperative that those who follow these dietary patterns receive vitamin B12 supplementation appropriate for each stage of life. Further studies in children are needed to evaluate the effects of different PBDs on nutrient intake, nutritional status, growth, development, and prevention of noncommunicable diseases (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Dieta Vegetariana , Dieta Vegana , Dieta Saludable , Dieta a Base de Plantas/efectos adversos , Dieta a Base de Plantas/tendenciasRESUMEN
Cryptococcal meningitis affects normal hosts and immunocompromised patients exhibiting high mortality rates. The objective of this study was to design two molecular assays, visible microarray platforms and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), to identify Cryptococcus spp. and the species neoformans and gattii from the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). To identify Cryptococcus and the two species, we designed two microarrays DNA platforms based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and CAP59 gene and LAMP assays specific for Cryptococcus species. The assays were tested using CSF from patients with cryptococcal meningitis. CSF from patients with cryptococcal meningitis was cultured in Sabouraud culture medium, and the Cryptococcus spp. grown in the culture medium were also tested for LAMP and microarray platforms. The results were compared to DNA sequencing of the same genetic regions. A total of 133 CSF samples were studied. Eleven CSFs were positive for Cryptococcus (9 C. neoformans and 2 C. gattii), 15 were positive for bacteria, and 107 were negative. The CAP59 platform correctly identified 73% of the CSF samples, while the ITS platform identified 45.5%. CAP59 platform correctly identified 100% of the Cryptococcus isolates, and ITS platform identified 70%. The two sets of LAMP primers correctly identified 100% of the Cryptococcus isolates. However, for CSF samples, the amplification occurred only in 55.5% of C. neoformans. The methodologies were reliable in the identification of Cryptococcus species, mainly for isolates from culture medium, and they might be applied as adjunctive tests to identify Cryptococcus species.
Asunto(s)
Cryptococcus neoformans , Meningitis Criptocócica , Cryptococcus neoformans/genética , Humanos , Meningitis Criptocócica/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Cryptococcal meningitis affects normal hosts and immunocompromised patients exhibiting high mortality rates. The objective of this study was to design two molecular assays, visible microarray platforms and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), to identify Cryptococcus spp. and the species neoformans and gattii from the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). To identify Cryptococcus and the two species, we designed two microarrays DNA platforms based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and CAP59 gene and LAMP assays specific for Cryptococcus species. The assays were tested using CSF from patients with cryptococcal meningitis. CSF from patients with cryptococcal meningitis was cultured in Sabouraud culture medium, and the Cryptococcus spp. grown in the culture medium were also tested for LAMP and microarray platforms. The results were compared to DNA sequencing of the same genetic regions. A total of 133 CSF samples were studied. Eleven CSFs were positive for Cryptococcus (9 C. neoformans and 2 C. gattii), 15 were positive for bacteria, and 107 were negative. The CAP59 platform correctly identified 73% of the CSF samples, while the ITS platform identified 45.5%. CAP59 platform correctly identified 100% of the Cryptococcus isolates, and ITS platform identified 70%. The two sets of LAMP primers correctly identified 100% of the Cryptococcus isolates. However, for CSF samples, the amplification occurred only in 55.5% of C. neoformans. The methodologies were reliable in the identification of Cryptococcus species, mainly for isolates from culture medium, and they might be applied as adjunctive tests to identify Cryptococcus species.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Meningitis Criptocócica/diagnóstico , Cryptococcus neoformans/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
The newly discovered Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type 2 (CiLV-C2) is one of the causal virus of citrus leprosis disease complex; which leads to substantial loss of citrus production in the states of Meta and Casanare of Colombia. Specific and sensitive detection methods are needed to monitor the dissemination of CiLV-C2 in Colombia, and to prevent introduction of CiLV-C2 to other citrus growing countries. Toward this end, putative coat protein gene (CPG) of CiLV-C2 was amplified from CiLV-C2 infected citrus tissues. The CPG was cloned, expressed and purified a recombinant coat protein of â¼31kDa which used to generate monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera. Four monoclonal antibodies and two polyclonal antisera were selected as being specific following Western blotting. The monoclonal antibody MAb E5 and polyclonal antiserum PAb UF715 were selected testing with an extract of CiLV-C2 infected leaves using triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA). In addition, an immunocapture RT-PCR was standardized using MAb E5 for specific and sensitive detection of CiLV-C2. The standardized TAS-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR were able to detect CiLV-C2 in the extracts of symptomatic citrus leprosis tissues up to the dilutions of 1:160 and 1:2580, respectively. Result demonstrated that CiLV-C2 is present in citrus orchards in Meta and Casanare citrus growing areas of Colombia. TAS-ELISA could be used for routine detection of CiLV-C2, epidemiological studies, and for border inspections for quarantine purposes. IC-RT-PCR could be valuable for CiLV-C2 validation and viral genome analysis.
Asunto(s)
Citrus/virología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Rhabdoviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Colombia , Rhabdoviridae/inmunología , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Certain populations with a large proportion of indigenous American (IA) genetic ancestry may be evolutionarily adapted to traditional diets high in legumes and complex carbohydrates, and may have a detrimental metabolic response to US diets high in refined carbohydrates and added sugars. We tested whether IA ancestry modified the metabolic response to a US versus traditional Mexican diet in a controlled dietary intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: First and second generation Mexican immigrant women (n=53) completed a randomized crossover feeding trial testing the effects of a US versus traditional Mexican diet. The metabolic response to the diets was measured by fasting serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and computed homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAIR). Blood collected at baseline was used for genotyping, and estimation of African, European and IA ancestries with the use of 214 ancestry informative markers. RESULTS: The genetic ancestral background was 56% IA, 38% European and 6% African. Women in the highest IA ancestry tertile (>62%) were shorter in height, less educated and less acculturated to the US lifestyle, and tended to have higher waist-to-hip ratio compared with women in the middle and lowest IA ancestry tertiles, respectively. Compared with the US diet, the traditional Mexican diet tended to reduce glucose, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and HOMAIR among women in the middle IA ancestry group (IA ancestry ⩽45-62%), whereas having no effect on biomarkers related to inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: We observed modest interactions between IA ancestry and the metabolic response to a US versus traditional Mexican diet among Mexican immigrant women.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/etnología , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Grupos Raciales/genética , Adiponectina/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta Occidental/etnología , Femenino , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Proteína 3 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/sangre , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/análisis , Interleucina-6/sangre , Estilo de Vida , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamaño de la Muestra , Estados Unidos , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C), a causal agent of the leprosis disease in citrus, is mostly present in the South and Central America and spreading toward the North America. To enable better diagnosis and inhibit the further spread of this re-emerging virus a quantitative (q) real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay is needed for early detection of CiLV-C when the virus is present in low titer in citrus leprosis samples. Using the genomic sequence of CiLV-C, specific primers and probe were designed and synthesized to amplify a 73 nt amplicon from the movement protein (MP) gene. A standard curve of the 73 nt amplicon MP gene was developed using known 10(10)-10(1) copies of in vitro synthesized RNA transcript to estimate the copy number of RNA transcript in the citrus leprosis samples. The one-step qRT-PCR detection assays for CiLV-C were determined to be 1000 times more sensitive when compared to the one-step conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) CiLV-C detection method. To evaluate the quality of the total RNA extracts, NADH dehydrogenase gene specific primers (nad5) and probe were included in reactions as an internal control. The one-step qRT-PCR specificity was successfully validated by testing for the presence of CiLV-C in the total RNA extracts of the citrus leprosis samples collected from Belize, Costa Rica, Mexico and Panama. Implementation of the one-step qRT-PCR assays for CiLV-C diagnosis should assist regulatory agencies in surveillance activities to monitor the distribution pattern of CiLV-C in countries where it is present and to prevent further dissemination into citrus growing countries where there is no report of CiLV-C presence.
Asunto(s)
Citrus/virología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Virus de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Virus ARN/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , América Central , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Sondas de Oligonucleótidos/genética , Proteínas de Movimiento Viral en Plantas/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/normas , Estándares de Referencia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/normas , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Citrus leprosis in Colombia was previously shown to be caused by cytoplasmic Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV-C). In 2011, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based diagnostic methods failed to identify CiLV-C from citrus samples with symptoms similar to citrus leprosis; however, virions similar to CiLV-C were observed in the cytoplasm of the symptomatic leaves by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the causal organism was transmitted by the false spider mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis, to healthy citrus seedlings. A library of small RNAs was constructed from symptomatic leaves and used as the template for Illumina high-throughput parallel sequencing. The complete genome sequence and structure of a new bipartite RNA virus was determined. RNA1 (8,717 nucleotides [nt]) contained two open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encoded the replication module, consisting of five domains: namely, methyltransferase (MTR), cysteine protease-like, FtsJ-MTR, helicase (Hel), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp); whereas ORF2 encoded the putative coat protein. RNA2 (4,989 nt) contained five ORFs that encode the movement protein (MP) and four hypothetical proteins (p7, p15, p24, and p61). The structure of this virus genome resembled that of CiLV-C except that it contained a long 3' untranslated terminal region and an extra ORF (p7) in RNA2. Both the RNA1 and RNA2 of the new virus had only 58 and 50% nucleotide identities, respectively, with known CiLV-C sequences and, thus, it appears to be a novel virus infecting citrus. Phylogenetic analyses of the MTR, Hel, RdRp, and MP domains also indicated that the new virus was closely related to CiLV-C. We suggest that the virus be called Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type 2 (CiLV-C2) and it should be unambiguously classified as a definitive member of the genus Cilevirus. A pair of CiLV-C2 genome-specific RT-PCR primers was designed and validated to detect its presence in citrus leprosis samples collected from the Casanare and Meta states in Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Vectores Arácnidos/virología , Citrus/virología , Ácaros/virología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Virus ARN/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Citrus/ultraestructura , Colombia , Frutas , Biblioteca de Genes , Genoma Viral/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/virología , Virus ARN/clasificación , Virus ARN/genética , ARN Viral/genética , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , Plantones/ultraestructura , Plantones/virología , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
In a screening for antifungal metabolites, two indole compounds of mixed biogenesis, 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl) methyl ester and 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-(2,3-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethylpropyl) methyl ester were isolated from a culture of the basidiomycete Aporpiums caryae. The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished by spectroscopic methods.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/química , Alcaloides/química , Indoles/química , Estructura Molecular , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
A procedure was developed for the detection and determination of bixin and norbixin in human plasma by reversed-phase HPLC with a sensitivity limit of 5 micrograms l-1. A group of seven volunteers ingested a single dose of 1 ml of a commercial Annatto Food Color (16 mg of cis-bixin in soybean oil). The presence of bixin (cis and trans) and norbixin (cis and trans) was demonstrated in the plasma at average levels of 11.6, 10.1, 2.8 and 0 micrograms l-1 of bixin and 48, 58, 53 and 29 micrograms l-1 of norbixin after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. Considerable individual variations were observed. Complete plasma clearance generally occurred for bixin by 8 h and for norbixin by 24 h after ingestion of cis-bixin.
Asunto(s)
Carotenoides/análisis , Colorantes de Alimentos/análisis , Absorción Intestinal , Carotenoides/sangre , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Plantas Comestibles , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between resting energy expenditure and body cell mass in a group of children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (SQCP) in comparison with a group of healthy volunteers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Children with SQCP (n = 13) and healthy control subjects (n = 21) participated in the study. Resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry, as well as body composition measurements were obtained. Those included skinfold measurements, isotope dilution methods for total body water and extracellular water (2H2O or H2(18)O and NaBr, respectively), and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Intracellular water was calculated as total body water minus extracellular water. RESULTS: Overall REE in children with SQCP was significantly less than in control subjects or from predicted World Health Organization equations. There was a poor correlation between REE and weight or height for children with SQCP and those for control subjects. Children with SQCP showed a higher variance and small improvement in the correlation between REE and lean body mass or intracellular water in comparison with control subjects. Nine of the thirteen children with SQCP had significantly reduced REE per unit of lean tissue or intracellular water. Furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis was validated against dilution methods as a suitable technique for measuring total body water (r2 = 0.90, r = 0.95) and extracellular water (r2 = 0.84, r = 0.92) in children with SQCP. CONCLUSION: REE in children with SQCP is poorly correlated with body cell mass. We postulate that the central nervous system plays a crucial role in energy regulation. In children with SQCP, individual energy expenditure should be measured so that optimal nutritional status can be achieved. Bioelectrical impedance analysis can be used in this population to measure body water spaces.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Metabolismo Energético , Cuadriplejía/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Antropometría , Niño , Preescolar , Impedancia Eléctrica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
A doença de Lyme é uma moléstia infecto-contagiosa transmitida por carrapatos contaminados pela Borrelia burgodorferi. Caracteriza-se por acometer a pele, coraçäo, articulaçöes e sistema nervos central e periférico. No Brasil ainda näo se descreveu um caso com devida confirmaçäo laboratorial. Os autores apresentam um caso com diagnóstico clínico e sorológico em que o principal acometimento foi o cutâneo. Com este achado, discutem as formas de acometimento cutâneo da doença, bem como o tratamento das formas iniciais
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Lyme/tratamiento farmacológico , Eritema Crónico Migrans/diagnóstico , Eritema Crónico Migrans/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. The clinical spectrum includes manifestations in the skin, heart, joints and nervous system. In Brazil no case has been reported with laboratorial confirmation. We report a suspect case with clinical and laboratorial findings in a young woman who developed cutaneous manifestations. She recovered after tetracycline treatment. The usual manifestations and the treatment of early stage of the illness are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnóstico , Adulto , Eritema Crónico Migrans/diagnóstico , Eritema Crónico Migrans/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedad de Lyme/tratamiento farmacológico , Tetraciclina/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Albuterol/uso terapéutico , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Albuterol/administración & dosificación , Albuterol/sangre , Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Fourteen patients aged 4.9 to 21.5 years with cystic fibrosis and moderate to severe lung disease, malnutrition, or growth failure were given nocturnal supplemental feeding by gastrostomy tube. Mean follow-up was for 1.1 years (range 0.8 to 2.78 years). Patients were studied to observe the effect of nutritional support on body composition, growth, pulmonary function, and quality of life. A contemporary group of patients with CF was retrospectively pair matched to the study group. The supplemental feeding resulted in positive changes in body composition and in growth velocity. Weight, as a percentage of standard in the control group, declined by 3% over 1 year, whereas it increased by 2% in the treatment group (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary function, assessed as a percent of predicted FVC and FEV1, did not change significantly in the treatment group over 1.1 years, whereas FVC declined by 12% (P less than 0.01) and FEV1 declined by 13% (P less than 0.01) in the control group. There was a marked increase in patient ability to participate in activities of daily living, even in those patients in whom pulmonary function deteriorated during the study.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística/fisiopatología , Trastornos Nutricionales/fisiopatología , Peso Corporal , Niño , Preescolar , Nutrición Enteral , Femenino , Gastrostomía , Humanos , Mediciones del Volumen Pulmonar , Masculino , Trastornos Nutricionales/terapia , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
We examined the possibility that the popliteal lymph node serves as the source of the lymphocytes that, together with macrophages, characterize the lesion produced by infection with Mycobacterium marinum in the hind footpad of the mouse...