RESUMEN
Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287, a surface (S-layer) strain, possesses a variety of functional properties that make it both a potential probiotic and a good vaccine vector candidate. With this in mind, our aim was to study the survival of L. brevis in the porcine gut and investigate the effect of this strain on the growth and immune function of recently weaned piglets during a feeding trial. For this, 20 piglets were divided evenly into a treatment and a control group. Piglets in the treatment group were fed L. brevis cells (1×10(10)) daily for three weeks, whereas those in the control group were provided an equivalent amount of probiotic-free placebo. For assessing the impact of L. brevis supplementation during the feeding trial, health status and weight gain of the piglets were monitored, pre- and post-trial samples of serum and feces were obtained, and specimens of the small and large intestinal mucosa and digesta were collected at slaughter. The results we obtained indicated that L. brevis-supplemented feeding induced a non-significant increase in piglet body weight and caused no change in the morphology of the intestinal mucosa. L. brevis cells were found to localize mainly in the large intestine, but they could not be isolated from feces. To a lesser extent, L. brevis was detected in the small intestine, although there was no specific attachment to the Peyer's patches. Changes in total serum IgG and IgA concentrations were not caused by supplemented L. brevis and no measurable rise in L. brevis-specific IgG was observed. However, analysis of cytokine gene expression in intestinal mucosa revealed downregulation of TGF-ß1 in the ileum and upregulation of IL-6 in the cecum in the L. brevis-supplemented group. Based on the results from this study, we conclude that whereas L. brevis appears to have some intestinal immunomodulatory effects, the ability of this strain to survive and colonize within the porcine gut appears to be limited.
Asunto(s)
Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Intestinos/inmunología , Levilactobacillus brevis/inmunología , Probióticos/farmacología , Porcinos/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Histocitoquímica/veterinaria , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestructura , Intestinos/microbiología , Masculino , Microscopía Fluorescente/veterinaria , ARN Bacteriano/química , ARN Bacteriano/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Aumento de Peso/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Using vaccination and medication, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) was eradicated from a finishing herd without total depopulation. Altogether 3243 feeder pigs originating from Mhyo-free herds were vaccinated once using an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine before transporting them to a Mhyo-infected finishing herd. The Mhyo-infected groups of pigs were medicated with antimicrobial agents at the time of the arrival of the first groups of Mhyo-free, vaccinated feeder pigs. The groups were operated with an all-in-all-out method in rooms with separate ventilation and slurry disposal systems. Thereafter the farmer purchased only non-vaccinated feeder pigs originating from Mhyo-free sow herds. Serology gave no positive results for 5.5 years and it was concluded that the eradication programme had been successful in producing a Mhyo-free herd without total depopulation.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/inmunología , Neumonía Porcina por Mycoplasma/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Porcina por Mycoplasma/prevención & control , Animales , Terapia Combinada/veterinaria , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa/veterinaria , Eutanasia Animal , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Neumonía Porcina por Mycoplasma/transmisión , Porcinos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Bioactive glasses have been developed as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering but combination with reindeer bone protein extract has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of bone protein extract implants (5-40 mg dosages) with bioglass (BG) carrier on the healing of rat femur defects. Bioglass implants and untreated defects served as controls. All doses of extract increased bone formation compared with the control groups, and bone union was enhanced with doses of 10 mg or more. In comparison with untreated defect, mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site was greater when implants with BG + 15 mg of extract or bioglass alone were used, bone density at the defect site was higher in all bioglass groups with and without bone extract, and the BG + 15 mg extract dosage marginally increased bone torsional stiffness in mechanical testing. Bioglass performed well as a carrier candidate for reindeer bone protein extract.