RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of pregnancies with documented fetal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with and without abnormal findings on ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: In this prospective cohort study of pregnant women with documented fetal CMV infection, vertical CMV transmission occurred during the first and second trimesters following primary maternal infection. Patients underwent serial prenatal ultrasound scans and fetal MRI. All neonates underwent ocular fundus examination, ultrasound brain scan and hearing evaluation, and were then followed periodically by a pediatrician. RESULTS: Primary CMV infection occurred during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in 71 and 74 patients, respectively. Seven patients (4.8%) decided to terminate pregnancy because of prenatal findings and one neonate died because of CMV complications. Patients with first-trimester infection had infants with significantly more associated sequelae (either auditory damage or neurodevelopmental disabilities) than did patients with second-trimester infection (19.7% vs 5.6%, respectively; P = 0.01). Abnormal prenatal findings on ultrasound examination were associated with increased risk of sequelae. When both ultrasound and MRI findings were normal, the rate of sequelae was decreased to 15.6% for first-trimester infections and to 2.0% for second-trimester infections, partial hearing loss being the sequela in most cases. In the presence of abnormal ultrasound and/or MRI findings the risk was 25% and 16%, respectively, and in most cases the sequelae were deafness and neurodevelopmental delay. The rate of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the study group was 11.7% and was not affected by the time of onset of maternal infection. Isolated IUGR was not associated with increased risk of sequelae. CONCLUSION: The risk of sequelae is higher following first-than second-trimester CMV infection. However, the risk of severe sequelae is significantly reduced in the presence of normal prenatal ultrasound and MRI findings.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/transmisión , Enfermedades Fetales/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Aborto Inducido , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva/embriología , Humanos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Ultrasonografía PrenatalAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Protaminas/efectos adversos , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Peroxidases have been detected in the membrane of the ejaculated normal spermatozoon; their distribution on the different zones of the gamete has been determined. This distribution is similar to that of the N-linked glycoprotein-containing oligosaccharides. Their resemblance and similarity to the plant peroxidases, which are glycoproteins with N-type oligosaccharides, suggest that the sperm peroxidases might be, at least partially, identical to concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ lectin glycoprotein-containing receptors.
Asunto(s)
Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Receptores de Concanavalina A/metabolismo , Receptores Mitogénicos/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/enzimología , Humanos , Masculino , Semen/enzimología , Espermatozoides/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Incorporation of hemoglobin into vesicles and its oxidation were studied as a function of composition of the vesicular membrane containing erythrocyte membrane lipids as main components. The addition of negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, was shown to considerably increase the extent of hemoglobin binding, while sphingomyelin did not produce such an effect. Cholesterol and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine stabilized oxyHb.