RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pork provides higher levels of several nutrients important for cognitive maintenance in older adults. A pilot clinical study suggests the addition of moderate amounts of pork to a Mediterranean-style diet improves cognition in older adults. There is an absence of observational research that isolates effects of pork from other red meats. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of pork intake on cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles were used in these analyses. Pork intake was assessed using data from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive function was assessed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning, CERAD Delayed Recall, Animal Fluency, and Digital Substitution tests. Statistical analyses were adjusted for sample weighting and survey design variables to account for the complex design. Student t-tests (continuous variables) and Pearson chi-squared tests (categorical variables) were employed to compare participant characteristics between the low and normal cognitive performance groups. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of pork intake (low, medium, and high) with prevalence of low cognitive performance, with the non-consumer group as the referent category. RESULTS: Pork intake was not beneficially or detrimentally associated performance on the any of the cognitive tests in both the crude and multivariate models (pâ>â0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective cohort investigations and larger/longer-term clinical trials are needed to fully elucidate effects of pork intake on cognition in older adults.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Carne de Cerdo , Carne Roja , Animales , Humanos , Porcinos , Anciano , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , CogniciónRESUMEN
Pork has the potential to provide several macro and micronutrients to the diet, as it is a commonly consumed protein in the United States and across many cultures worldwide. There is an absence of clinical and observational studies that isolate the nutritional contribution of various types of pork intake from that of other red and/or processed meats. The objective of this study was to assess consumption patterns and the nutritional contribution of total, processed, fresh, and fresh-lean pork to the diets of participants aged 2+ years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 data cycles. The recent National Cancer Institute method was used to disaggregate fresh and processed pork intake from the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database. The mean intake of total pork among consumers was estimated to be 79.5 ± 0.82, 54.2 ± 0.69, 54.6 ± 0.93, and 45.9 ± 0.73, g/d for men, women, boys, and girls, respectively. Total pork consumption subtly increased intakes of total energy and several macro and micronutrients, decreased diet quality (HEI-2015) scores (adults only), and consumption of other "healthful" food groups. Only subtle but clinically insignificant effects of pork intake on biomarkers of nutritional status were shown. These trends were largely driven by processed pork consumption and the co-consumption of foods such as condiments. Increasing the availability and education around fresh-lean cuts may help to increase intake of protein and other key nutrients across certain subpopulations, without adversely affecting diet quality and biomarkers of health status.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Carne de Cerdo , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ingestión de Energía , Conducta Alimentaria , Micronutrientes , Encuestas Nutricionales , Porcinos , Estados Unidos , NiñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a well-known cause of anterior circulation stroke, but its association with posterior circulation stroke has been less commonly reported. The latter situation can arise when there is persistent fetal circulation of the posterior cerebral artery and has, to our knowledge, never been reported in the setting of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving the ICA. METHODS: A 52-year-old man awoke with severe headache and noted visual loss. Examination confirmed a congruous left homonymous hemianopsia. A head computed tomography scan revealed an acute right posterior parietal infarct. Carotid ultrasonography demonstrated complete occlusion of the right ICA. Conventional angiography confirmed this and was diagnostic of FMD with dissection. A right-sided persistent fetal circulation was also noted. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed right parietal and right occipital infarctions. RESULTS: The patient received ASA and clopidogrel and his visual deficit resolved within days. One year later, he remained asymptomatic and there was no suggestion of FMD in other vascular beds. CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequently reported, carotid disease, including dissection, can be responsible for posterior circulation infarcts. Cervical artery dissection can be related to underlying arteriopathies such as FMD, which must be differentiated from vasculitis and vasospasm.