RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out. METHODOLOGY: The scale was applied to 50 patients that suffered traumatic knee injuries between 2016 and 2021 and underwent surgical interventions. The validation process of the scale was carried out after a pilot test, cross-cultural adaptation of words into Spanish, translation-retranslation, statistical, determination of internal consistency of the instrument, intraclass correlation, test-retest and evaluation of data dispersion. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the evaluated instrument is good according to the Gregory scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 The intraclass correlation was considered substantial (0.624) and the test-retest correlation, showed a coefficient of 0.91. The Bland-Altman graph showed a low dispersion among the data. CONCLUSION: The Pedi-IKDC scale can be a useful tool to assess functionality in children who have undergone knee surgery, it is considered valid, with adequate reliability and with the advantage of easy application.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out. METHODOLOGY: The scale was applied to 50 patients that suffered traumatic knee injuries between 2016 and 2021 and underwent surgical interventions. The validation process of the scale was carried out after a pilot test, cross-cultural adaptation of words into Spanish, translation-retranslation, statistical, determination of internal consistency of the instrument, intraclass correlation, test-retest and evaluation of data dispersion. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the evaluated instrument is good according to the Gregory scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 The intraclass correlation was considered substantial (0.624) and the test-retest correlation, showed a coefficient of 0.91. The Bland-Altman graph showed a low dispersion among the data. CONCLUSION: The Pedi-IKDC scale can be a useful tool to assess functionality in children who have undergone knee surgery, it is considered valid, with adequate reliability and with the advantage of easy application.
RESUMEN
Determinar la frecuencia de enfermedad periodontal auto percibida en escolares de 12 años de edad, en Machángara Cuenca 2016. Estudio cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, observacional transversal. La muestra se calculó mediante fórmula en base a una población de 231 escolares obteniendo una muestra de 192 pacientes de 12 años de edad que dieron su asentimiento y que contaron con el consentimiento del padre o apoderado, los examinadores fueron capacitados para realizar las preguntas de auto percepción y ayudar con las dudas a los encuestados. Se utilizaron 11 preguntas de auto reporte de la salud periodontal validadas por Miller en el año 2007 y se realizó la adaptación transcultural a Ecuador. El 86% percibió tener enfermedad periodontal; la mayor prevalencia de autopercepción se dio en las mujeres, con 87%, no teniendo diferencia estadística con el sexo opuesto. Se encontró diferencia significativa en la prevalencia entre los diferentes tipos de gestión educativa (fisco misional-público). A la pregunta sobre el estado de salud bucal autopercibida, 38 % respondieron que percibían un estado regular seguido de bueno, con 31% y no sé con un 18%. Así, los porcentajes más bajos fueron de 3% para los estados excelente y malo. Existe una alta frecuencia de personas que autoperciben la presencia de enfermedades periodontales (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Servicios de Odontología Escolar , Autoimagen , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Distribución por Sexo , Ecuador , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) affects behavior, language, and personality. This study aims to explore functional connectivity changes in three FTD variants: behavioral (bvFTD), semantic (svPPA), and nonfluent variant (nfvPPA). Seventy-six patients diagnosed with FTD by international criteria and thirty-two controls were investigated. Functional connectivity from resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was estimated for the whole brain. Two types of analysis were done: network basic statistic and topological measures by graph theory. Several hubs in the limbic system and basal ganglia were compromised in the behavioral variant apart from frontal networks. Nonfluent variants showed a major disconnection with respect to the behavioral variant in operculum and parietal inferior. The global efficiency had lower coefficients in nonfluent variants than behavioral variants and controls. Our results support an extensive disconnection among frontal, limbic, basal ganglia, and parietal hubs.
Asunto(s)
Afasia Progresiva Primaria/fisiopatología , Conectoma/métodos , Demencia Frontotemporal/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Anciano , Afasia Progresiva Primaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Demencia Frontotemporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Afasia Progresiva Primaria no Fluente/diagnóstico por imagen , Afasia Progresiva Primaria no Fluente/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
We have purified Gal/GalNAc lectin from Entamoeba histolytica by electroelution. The purified protein was used to immunize rabbits and obtain polyclonal IgG's anti-lectin. These antibodies were used as tools to analyze the expression and localization of the amoebic lectin in both virulent (vEh) and non-virulent (nvEh) variants of axenically cultured HM1:IMSS strain. vEh is able to induce liver abscesses in hamsters, whereas nvEh has lost this ability. In vitro, amoebic trophozoites from both variants equally express this protein as shown by densitometric analysis of the corresponding band in Western blots from lysates. In both types of trophozoites, the pattern of distribution of the lectin was mainly on the surface. We have also compared by immunohistochemistry the presence and distribution of lectin in the in vivo liver lesions produced in hamsters. In order to prolong the survival of nvEh to analyze both variants in an in vivo model, hamsters inoculated with nvEh were treated with methyl prednisolone. Our results suggest that the Gal/GalNAc lectin is equally expressed in both nvEh and vEh.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/metabolismo , Entamoeba histolytica/metabolismo , Entamoeba histolytica/patogenicidad , Lectinas/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/inmunología , Antígenos de Carbohidratos Asociados a Tumores/aislamiento & purificación , Western Blotting , Cricetinae , Densitometría , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Inmunohistoquímica , Lectinas/inmunología , Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/inmunología , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/parasitología , Masculino , Conejos , Trofozoítos/inmunología , Trofozoítos/metabolismo , VirulenciaRESUMEN
While the 2005 progress report of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals stresses out the need of a dramatic increase in investment to meet the sanitation target in the third world, it is important to anticipate about some parallel negative impacts that may have this optimistic programme (extension of sewer networks without sufficient treatment works). Research was initiated on Lerma River (Mexico), subjected to many rejects disposal, to design a monitoring network and evaluate the impact of wastewaters on its water quality. The discharges was inventorized, geo-positioned with a GPS and mapped, while the physico-chemical characteristics of the river water, its tributaries and main rejects were evaluated. Microtox system was used as an additional screening tool. Along the 60 km of the High Course of Lerma River (HCLR), 51 discharges, with a diameter or width larger than 0.3 m (including 7 small tributaries) were identified. Based on the inventory, a monitoring network of 21 sampling stations in the river and 13 in the important discharges (>2 m) was proposed. A great similitude was found between the average characteristics of the discharges and the river itself, in both the wet and dry seasons. Oxygen was found exhausted (<0.5 mg/L) almost all along the high course of the river, with COD and TDS average levels of 390 and 1980 mg/L in the dry season, against 150 and 400 mg/L in the wet season. In the dry season, almost all the sites along the river revealed some toxicity to the bacteria test species (2.9 to 150 TU, with an average of 27 TU). Same septic conditions and toxicity levels were observed in many of the discharges. Four of the six evaluated tributaries, as well as the lagoon (origin of the river), were relatively in better conditions (2 to 8 mg/L D.O., TU<1) than for the Lerma, acting as diluents and renewal of the HCLR flow rate. The river was shown to be quite a main sewer collector. The high surface water contamination by untreated wastewaters that is depicted in this research should be taken into account in the Millennium Goals strategies, by promoting treatment plan works simultaneously, when sewer networks in the third world would extend.
Asunto(s)
Ríos , Aguas del Alcantarillado/efectos adversos , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes del Agua/toxicidad , Aliivibrio fischeri/efectos de los fármacos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , México , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Oxígeno/análisis , Temperatura , Contaminación del Agua/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
We have examined the role of inflammatory cells, ischemia and serum complement on the development of acute experimental amoebic liver abscess in hamsters (AEALAH). In hamsters made leukopenic by whole body radiation (800 rad) and daily intraperitoneal glycogen injections, the absence of inflammatory cells and liver tissue damage surrounding the parasites resulted in their rapid (24 h) disappearance from the liver, which showed no lesions. Focal liver ischemia, always present in control AEALAH with inflammation and tissue destruction, was reproduced in radiated hamsters by injection of amoebae mixed with Superdex microspheres, but again in the absence of inflammation, amoebae caused no liver damage and disappeared in 24 h. In hamsters made hypocomplementemic by injection of purified cobra venom factor (CVF), amoebae caused AEALA indistinguishable from controls, but in leukopenic + hypocomplementemic hamsters, amoebae were unable to produce lesions and disappeared from the liver in 48 h. We conclude that inflammation and tissue damage are required for the survival of amoebae in AEALAH and for the progression of the experimental disease.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/inmunología , Entamoeba histolytica/fisiología , Hepatitis/patología , Isquemia/patología , Absceso Hepático Amebiano , Hígado/patología , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Proteínas Inactivadoras de Complemento/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Venenos Elapídicos/farmacología , Entamoeba histolytica/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Cobayas , Hepatitis/inmunología , Hepatitis/parasitología , Isquemia/inmunología , Isquemia/parasitología , Leucocitos/efectos de la radiación , Leucopenia/etiología , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/parasitología , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/inmunología , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/parasitología , Absceso Hepático Amebiano/patología , Masculino , Traumatismos Experimentales por RadiaciónRESUMEN
Se estudio 1580 muestras de esputo durante dos anos y medio, con 8 metodos diferentes de homogenizacion y de contaminacion, se encontro que el mas alto porcentaje de positividad se logro por el metodo de lauril sulfato de sodio, aunque tambien se obtuvo un alto grado de contaminacion. El metodo de mas bajo rendimiento en este estudio fue el de Petroff original. La tecnica mas eficiente para seguridad del operador y para el aislamiento de micobacterias atipicas fue el metodo del acido oxalico. El metodo mas economico que tambien ofrece bastante seguridad para el personal, con un excelente rendimiento de positividad, un buen aislamiento de micobacterias atipicas y un bajisimo porcentaje de contaminacion, fue el metodo modificado de Petroff