RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Acne is a significant problem in young people. At present, most acne treatment products are topically applied cosmetics, whose efficacy is limited by the stratum corneum. The dissolving microneedle technique can effectively deliver drug molecules into the body. In this study, dissolving microneedles containing anti-acne ingredients were tested for human efficacy and safety. METHODS: We conducted a 28-day clinical efficacy and safety trial on 30 individuals with visible facial acne. During the trial, anti-acne microneedle (AA-DMN) patches were applied to designated skin areas once daily for 28 consecutive days. Skin pigmentation was measured using a Courage + Khazaka skin melanin and hemoglobin test probe Mexameter MX18. Acne volume was measured using a Canfieldsci skin rapid optical imaging system PRIMOS. In addition, skin irritation was evaluated via self-report and dermatologist's examination. RESULTS: The AA-DMN patches showed good efficacy including improvement of skin pigmentation and reduced acne volume. Acne volume was reduced by 12.34% after 3 days of patch use and further reduced by 10.01% after 7 continuous days of use. After 28 days of treatment, skin melanin decreased by 5.88% and heme decreased by 7.83%. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-acne microneedle patches showed an excellent effect in reducing acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), without adverse skin reactions. The novel AA-DMN patch is a safe and effective anti-acne treatment.
Asunto(s)
Acné Vulgar , Hiperpigmentación , Adolescente , Humanos , Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Hiperpigmentación/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperpigmentación/etiología , Melaninas , Agujas/efectos adversos , Piel/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of clinical research in the Chinese market concerning dissolving microarray (DMA) patches in cosmetic applications. In this study, the clinical efficacy and safety tests of DMA patch technology were performed on Chinese consumers. METHODS: A 4-week clinical efficacy and safety evaluation was conducted on 30 Chinese female subjects with crow's feet and eye bags. DMA patches loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA-DMA) were applied under the eyes and corners of the eyes of the subjects three times a week over four consecutive weeks. Skin firmness and dermal layer strength were measured using ultrasound, and changes in skin wrinkles were detected using VISIA-CR and Primos Lite. Eye bag ratings were evaluated by professional dermatologists based on the 0-6 grades of eye bags in the "Skin Aging Atlas Volume 2: Asian Type." RESULTS: HA-DMA patches produced good clinical improvements on both crow's feet and eye bags in the study participants. HA-DMA effectively increased skin firmness while reducing the number, area, and volume of crow's feet, along with reducing eye bag ratings. The reductions in all metrics were statistically significant with positive effects evident in as little as 1 week of treatment. There were no adverse effects related to the treatments observed during the test period. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical efficacy trial of 30 Chinese female subjects, HA-DMA showed excellent therapeutic benefits without adverse effects while reducing crow's feet and eye bags. HA-DMA is expected to be a safe, effective, and novel cosmetic for improving the appearance of aging skin.
Asunto(s)
Cosméticos , Ácido Hialurónico , Envejecimiento de la Piel , China , Cosméticos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/efectos adversos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
TRP1 is a frequently used auxotrophic marker for genetic modifications and selections in trp(-) budding yeast strains, including the commonly used wild-type strain W303a. However, we found that introduction of the TRP1 gene into a trp(-) strain significantly affected vegetative growth at low and high temperatures. Therefore, caution should be needed when working in a trp(-) background strain and using the TRP1 marker to study stress response phenotypes, particularly when analyzing temperature sensitivities.
Asunto(s)
Isomerasas Aldosa-Cetosa/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomycetales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saccharomycetales/genética , Isomerasas Aldosa-Cetosa/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Clonación Molecular , Frío , Calor , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Coordination and cross talks of MAPK pathways are critical for signaling efficiency, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Slt2, the MAP kinase of cell wall integrity pathway (CWI), is activated by heat stress even in the absence of upstream components of this pathway, suggesting a supplementary input for Slt2 activation. Here, we identify a new interaction of Ste11 and Mkk1, mediated by Nst1 that connects the high-osmolarity glycerol and pheromone pathways directly to CWI pathway in response to heat and pheromone. We suggest that Ser(407) and Thr(411) are novel residues of Mkk1 activated by these MAPK pathways.
Asunto(s)
MAP Quinasa Quinasa 1/metabolismo , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Pared Celular/enzimología , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Eliminación de Gen , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/química , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Hemaglutininas Virales/química , Hemaglutininas Virales/genética , Hemaglutininas Virales/metabolismo , Calor/efectos adversos , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 1/química , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 1/genética , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/química , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/genética , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/química , Quinasas de Proteína Quinasa Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/química , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Mutación , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Feromonas/farmacología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/agonistas , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This paper presents a new on-line algorithm for creating a self-organizing fuzzy neural network (SOFNN) from sample patterns to implement a singleton or Takagi-Sugeno (TS) type fuzzy model. The SOFNN is based on ellipsoidal basis function (EBF) neurons consisting of a center vector and a width vector. New methods of the structure learning and the parameter learning, based on new adding and pruning techniques and a recursive on-line learning algorithm, are proposed and developed. A proof of the convergence of both the estimation error and the linear network parameters is also given in the paper. The proposed methods are very simple and effective and generate a fuzzy neural model with a high accuracy and compact structure. Simulation work shows that the SOFNN has the capability of self-organization to determine the structure and parameters of the network automatically.