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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the second most frequent malignant tumor in the head and neck, squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent. NHL often appears in extranodal localisations. In the head and neck, two distinct extranodal sites are recognised: extranodal lymphatic localisations or involvement of the ring of Waldeyer, and extranodal extralymphatic localisations. In this study we reviewed the imaging features of 55 patients who showed extranodal NHL-localisations to investigate whether we could find specific imaging characteristics. There are no pathognomonic signs. However, if more than one extranodal mass is detected, if the mass appears huge without necrosis or ulceration, if the mass is associated with large, non-necrotic nodes, the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be suggested; however, it is usually not possible to exclude other pathological processes with absolute certainty.

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A case of congenital agenesis of the cervical internal carotid artery with rerouting via the inferior tympanic artery and the embryonic hyoid artery to the horizontal internal carotid artery is presented. At otoscopy the anomaly simulated a glomus tumor. CT scan, by demonstration of the absence of the vertical portion of the carotid canal, the enlargement of the inferior tympanic canaliculus, and the soft tissue mass within the middle ear in continuity with the horizontal internal carotid artery, diagnosed the anomaly very accurately.

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We report two cases of extranodal extralymphatic non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as a mandibular swelling. In one case the masseter muscle was involved, suggestive of a non-epithelial process. In the other case the mandible was involved by a mixed osteolytic bone process. Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma should be considered when dealing with a mass lesion in the masticator space.

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Pathology in the head and neck region is now often examined using MR imaging. However, CT remains a very valuable tool for staging of tumors and lymph nodes in the pre- and postoperative periods. In cases of sinusitis, CT has completely replaced conventional radiography. Moreover, CT helps in differentiating hypointense spots seen in the paransal sinuses on MR. In dental radiology, CT is superior to pantomography in detecting root resorption due to impacted teeth. Thanks to the development of new scanners, three-dimensional reconstructions are possible and scanning times are reduced.

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Computed tomography (CT) is a well-established aid in the preoperative assessment of the dimension of mandible and maxilla for endo-osseous implant installation. CT is a valuable tool for the measurement of the alveolar ridge and recognition of the course of the inferior alveolar nerve canal. In the present study, three different techniques were examined: normal CT images with coronal and sagittal slices, standard reconstructions based on axial slices, and multiplanar reconstruction and display (MPR/MPD), also based on axial slices. Six dissected human jaw bones were examined with these three techniques. Afterwards, these jaws were sawn, and the real values were measured. Comparing these scores with the radiological measurements, the standard reconstruction technique seemed the most reliable method in the preoperative examination of the jaw bone quality and bone proportion.

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A retrospective study of 26 patients with ethmoid adenocarcinoma is presented. CT proves to be of great diagnostic value in demonstrating the location and extension of these tumors. The only interpretation problem that may exist is the overestimation of the tumor extension due to the occurrence of retro-obstructive sinusitis.

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The author stresses the importance of CT scanning in diagnosing branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) and in differentiating them from other cystic masses of the neck and parotid region. The CT examinations of 40 patients with neck or parotid cystic lesions suspected of being BCCs have been reviewed and correlated with the histological diagnosis. Sixteen BCCs (12 of the second and 4 of the first cleft) and 24 BCC mimics were evaluated. A definitive CT diagnosis of second BCC was possible in 83% of the cases. Exclusion of this diagnosis was possible in 94% of BCC mimics. The total accuracy of CT was 90%. Differentiation of first BCCs from their mimics is more difficult. Most first BCCs are located juxta-parotidal and at the lower pole of the parotid gland.

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We describe two cases of solitary localized plasmacytoma in the lateral orbital wall, equally interesting for their localization and for their evolution under therapy. With CT we not only visualized the osteolytic bone lesion with greater accuracy than with conventional radiology but we also demonstrated the existence and extension of the concomitant soft tissue mass. We would like to emphasize the role of CT scanning for the evaluation of the lesion before and after treatment.

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Thirty-one patients with pathology of the external auditory canal (EAC) were examined with high resolution CT. In this retrospective study we found that CT plays an important role in the diagnosis and especially in the determination of the extent of the disease. CT also offered us a good evaluation of the contiguous bone and it was the best method to visualize the middle ear when complete occlusion of the external auditory canal (EAC) occurred.

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Primary cervical neuroblastomas are rare and account for less than 2.3% of all neuroblastomas. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance provide good staging of the primary site and are extremely helpful in the differential diagnosis. They also allow a better planning of therapy by showing involvement of the surrounding structures and the exact extension of this solid tumor.

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The purpose of this report is to document an additional case of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint and to present its radiological features with emphasis on the CT findings. It should be stressed that the value of the radiologic examination primarily depends on the extent of calcification of the loose, intraarticular particles.

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