RESUMEN
There is strong evidence that the patched (PTCH) gene is a gene for susceptibility to the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PTCH has also been shown to mutate in both familial and sporadic basal cell carcinomas. However, mutations of the gene seem to be rare in squamous cell carcinomas. In order to characterize the role of the gene in the broader spectrum of sporadic skin malignant and pre-malignant lesions, we performed a polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of genomic DNA extracted from 105 adult patients (46 females and 59 males). There were 66 patients with basal cell carcinomas, 30 with squamous cell carcinomas, 2 with malignant melanomas and 7 patients with precancerous lesions. Two tissue samples were collected from each patient, one from the central portion of the tumor and another from normal skin. Using primers that encompass the entire exon 1, exon 8 and exon 18, where most of the mutations have been detected, we were unable to demonstrate any band shift. Three samples suspected to present aberrant migrating bands were excised from the gel and sequenced directly. In addition, we sequenced 12 other cases, including tumors and corresponding normal samples. A wild-type sequence was found in all 15 cases. Although our results do not exclude the presence of clonal alterations of the PTCH gene in skin cancers or mutations in other exons that were not screened, the present data do not support the presence of frequent mutations reported for non-melanoma skin cancer of other populations.
Asunto(s)
Exones/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Mutación/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Adulto , Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , ADN de Neoplasias/genética , ADN de Neoplasias/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma/genética , Receptores Patched , Receptor Patched-1 , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Receptores de Superficie CelularRESUMEN
There is strong evidence that the patched (PTCH) gene is a gene for susceptibility to the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PTCH has also been shown to mutate in both familial and sporadic basal cell carcinomas. However, mutations of the gene seem to be rare in squamous cell carcinomas. In order to characterize the role of the gene in the broader spectrum of sporadic skin malignant and pre-malignant lesions, we performed a polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of genomic DNA extracted from 105 adult patients (46 females and 59 males). There were 66 patients with basal cell carcinomas, 30 with squamous cell carcinomas, 2 with malignant melanomas and 7 patients with precancerous lesions. Two tissue samples were collected from each patient, one from the central portion of the tumor and another from normal skin. Using primers that encompass the entire exon 1, exon 8 and exon 18, where most of the mutations have been detected, we were unable to demonstrate any band shift. Three samples suspected to present aberrant migrating bands were excised from the gel and sequenced directly. In addition, we sequenced 12 other cases, including tumors and corresponding normal samples. A wild-type sequence was found in all 15 cases. Although our results do not exclude the presence of clonal alterations of the PTCH gene in skin cancers or mutations in other exons that were not screened, the present data do not support the presence of frequent mutations reported for non-melanoma skin cancer of other populations
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Exones , Mutación , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Carcinoma Basocelular , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , ADN de Neoplasias , Melanoma , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-SimpleRESUMEN
In this study we propose a reflection on nursing as an object of history. Our proposal is based on studies which have dealt with the history of nursing in Brazil and with the new perspectives of history studies. Our reflection is guided by an analysis of the history of nursing in Brazil and the social circumstances which determined the development of this profession in this context. This research adopted methodological proposals which are usually used in historical studies. The data collection was done through oral history and the analysis of documentary sources. The review of the social phenomenon, through the data collected, showed the importance of studies of historic nature and how much these can help on the understanding of the nursing professional identity as well as on the strengthening of this category. We hope that this project motivates the production of other works on this subject and calls the attention for the importance of preserving our historical memory.
Asunto(s)
Historia de la Enfermería , Brasil , Recolección de Datos , Historia del Siglo XXRESUMEN
The present study analyses the themes proposed by research projects in nursing. It focuses on the projects that were sent to a Brazilian governmental research fomentation agency--CNPq--in the period of time between November 1998 and November 2000. The objective of this work is to identify the recurrent themes proposed in nursing research projects, and discuss its adherence to lines of research under study by nursing professionals which have the support of CAPES. It also relates these themes to the priorities of research established by CNPq. In order to achieve the objectives mentioned, an exploratory and descriptive study was carried out. The primary sources were evaluation grids of research projects. The secondary sources were studies, written and statistics reports from CNPq. Results show that most of the scholarships awarded by CNPq are in the southeast region of Brazil, where a larger number of researchers and post-graduation programs are concentrated. It also reveals that there is a diversity of themes being explored and that there is a relation between the themes and the parameters adopted for the studies.
Asunto(s)
Investigación en Enfermería/normas , Brasil , Agencias Gubernamentales , Adhesión a Directriz , Investigación en Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
This study is a part of a research that comments the relation between Nursing Knowledge and AIDS. The actual period of time is treated like a period of transition between the modern science and one new paradigm. This is called post-modern science. It brings the dynamics of AIDS in Brazil after the registration of 79,908 cases from 1980 to 1996. The main objective is to describe nursing knowledge that has based nursing care to seropositive and aidetic patients in an University-Hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.