RESUMEN

The powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) technique was used to investigate fourteen kinds of Ranunculaceae herbal decoction pieces(RHDP) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and to explore a novel PXRD quality control method for RHDP. The results indicated that only three RHDP-Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Moutan Cortex, contained calcium oxalate monodydrate(COM), whereas no COM existed in other eleven kinds of RHDP. The difference in PXRD for Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra from different growing areas were investigated. The quantitative analysis method for COM was discussed by considering the water-boiling manufacturing process of herbal decoction pieces. The water-boiling experiments revealed that the PXRD peaks from COM crystals in RHDP were enhanced significantly after boiling. Paeoniae Radix Alba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Aconiti Radix, Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, and Anemone Raddeanae Rhizoma exhibited a similar series of broader peaks in the 2θ region of 15° to 35°, whose origins were discussed on the basis of chemical constituents RHDP reported by other researchers. These diffraction broader peaks most likely originated from periodic orientation of benzene ring in organic molecular crystals of aconitine-and paeonolum-based alkaloids and glycosides chemical constituents, subsequently, possibly from some other organic constituents. The PXRD technique can be used to rapidly identify Cimicifuga heracleifolia with an amorphous dispersion peak and C. dahurica with a sharp-peak feature. Climatidis Radix et Rhizoma exhibited a series of sharp PXRD peaks. The PXRD method can provide a valuable quality control method for RHDP.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Ranunculaceae/química , Aconitum/química , Paeonia/química , Rizoma/química , Difracción de Rayos X

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of schizandrins on the learning and memory disorder in mice, and explore its mechanism. METHOD: The memory impairment model was established by using the pentobarbital sodium (20 mg x kg(-1)) intraperitoneally injected in mice. Schizandrins (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g x kg(-1)) were administered through intragavage for consecutive 14 days. Morris Water Maze test was used to evaluate the impairment of learning and memory. The energy of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT) of brain tissue were measured. And the positive expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB p65 (NF-kappaB p65), caspase-3 in the hippocampus CA1 region were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. At the cellular level, 24 h after schizandrins (0.062 5, 0.125, 0.25 g x L(-1)) were pre-administered, the apoptosis model of PC12 cell was induced by H2O2, and activity of PC12 cell was detected by MTT colorimetric assay, the energy of NO in cell serum were measured. The expression of Bcl-2 was determined by the combination of immunocytochemical staining and image analysis software. RESULT: Morris Water Maze test showed that the model group mice took shorter searching time and distance on the previous flat area than those in the control group (P < 0.05), which could be prolonged after schizandrins treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the level of NO increased while the activity of SOD, CAT decreased in the model group (both P < 0.01). After treated with schizandrins, the level of NO significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the activity of SOD increased (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the protein expression of NF-kappaB p65, Caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region significantly increased after modeling, while schizandrins (1.0 g x kg(-1)) can significantly inhibit the protein expression of NF-kappaB p65, Caspase-3 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the H2O2, model group, schizandrins (0.125, 0.25 g x L(-1)) can significantly increased PC12 cell activity and decreased the NO level (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the expression of Bcl-2 in the schizandrins group (0.125, 0.25 g x L(-1)) was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Schizandrins could improve the learning-memory dysfunction induced by the sodium pentobarbital in mice, and its protective mechanism is related to the lowering oxidative damage and inhibiting the cell apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2.

Asunto(s)

Ciclooctanos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/tratamiento farmacológico , Lignanos/farmacología , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos Policíclicos/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Región CA1 Hipocampal/metabolismo , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Ciclooctanos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/inducido químicamente , Discapacidades para el Aprendizaje/metabolismo , Lignanos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Células PC12 , Compuestos Policíclicos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratas , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The title complex, [Ni(C(13)H(20)N(2)O(2))(2)](NCS)(2), consists of a centrosymmetric mononuclear four-coordinate nickel(II) complex cation and two thio-cyanate anions. The Ni atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by two phenol O atoms and two imine N atoms from two equivalent Schiff base ligands, in a square-planar geometry. In the crystal structure, the amino H atoms are involved in N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the phenol and meth-oxy O atoms of the ligand, and in N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds with the N atoms of the thio-cyanate anions, which sit above and below the Ni atom.

RESUMEN

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(20)H(18)N(2)O(4), the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the naphthyl ring system is 8.5 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked through inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the b axis.