RESUMEN
Massage therapy increases muscle blood flow and heat, relieving pain, improving immune function, and increasing vagal activity. The mechanisms are unclear. Muscles release cytokines and other peptides called myokines. These myokines exert their effects on different tissues and organs in para-, auto-, and endocrine fashion. The aim of this intervention study was to investigate if massage therapy affects circulating myokine levels. A total of 46 healthy, normal-weight subjects (15 men) aged 18-35 were recruited. Forty-five minutes of massage Swedish therapy was applied to the back and hamstrings. Blood samples via cannula were taken at the baseline, during the massage (30 min), end of the massage (45 min), and 30 min and 1 h after the massage. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured as surrogate markers by ELISAs. There was a significant increase in IL-6 from 1.09 pg/mL to 1.85 pg/mL over time (Wilks' Lambda Value 0.545, p < 0.000; repeated measures ANOVA). Pair-wise comparisons showed a significant increase after 1 h of massage. No significant increase was observed in IGF-1 levels. The change in myokine levels was not correlated with muscle mass (p = 0.16, 0.74). The increase in IL-6 suggests that there might be anti-inflammatory effects, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism pathways via IL-6 signaling to muscles, fat tissue, and the liver.
Asunto(s)
Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Interleucina-6 , Masaje , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Masaje/métodos , Masculino , Interleucina-6/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Suecia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Péptidos Similares a la InsulinaRESUMEN
The strategy of combining biomolecules and synthetic components to develop biohybrids is becoming increasingly popular for preparing highly customized and biocompatible functional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) benefit from bioconjugation, allowing their excellent properties to be applied to biomedical applications. This study reviews the state-of-the-art research in biomolecule-CNT conjugates and discusses strategies for their self-assembly into hierarchical structures. The review focuses on various highly ordered structures and the interesting properties resulting from the structural order. Hence, CNTs conjugated with the most relevant biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, and lipids are discussed. The resulting well-defined composites allow the nanoscale properties of the CNTs to be exploited at the micro- and macroscale, with potential applications in tissue engineering, sensors, and wearable electronics. This review presents the underlying chemistry behind the CNT-based biohybrid materials and discusses the future directions of the field.