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INTRODUCTION: Whole body PET CT is an important investigation tool in malignancy patients and helps in ascertaining the metabolic activity and exact stage of the disease. However, like any other investigation, false positive results do exist and certain diseases other than cancer may show increased uptake. Hence, a careful evaluation of PET CT and clinical correlation in malignancy patients is a must to accomplish the suitable treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, seven cases of cancer with concomitant tuberculosis were included. All the patients were proven malignancy patients with advanced or metastatic stage. On clinical suspicion, a tissue diagnosis was obtained which led to change in staging as well as management of the patients. RESULTS: Seven patients were having primary diagnosis of carcinoma breast, carcinoma esophagus, coepidermoid carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland, carcinoma tongue, squamous cell carcinoma skin, carcinoma cervix and carcinoma endometrium. They showed FDG uptake at distant sites leading to upstaging of disease. On histopathological examination, lymph nodal mass reported granulomatous lymphadenitis, leading to change of overall staging and management of the patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Whole Body PET CT scan may produce false positive results and upstage the disease. It should be evaluated and interpreted with caution in cases of doubtful findings and any abnormal FDG accumulation in PET CT scan at unusual locations should be evaluated carefully and confirmed histopathologically.

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BACKGROUND: The incidence of cancer survivors is increasing, but these individuals, unfortunately, face the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). This increasing incidence can be credited to increased survival rates of cancer patients, environmental factors, host factors, and genetic predispositions. Hence, vigilance on the part of the patient as well as clinician for the development of new signs and symptoms is mandatory. AIMS: Retrospective analysis of the pattern of incidence and clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with SPM and to review the literature. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A hospital-based retrospective collection of prospective data of patients diagnosed with SPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with histopathologically proven SPM from January 2009 to July 2015 were included in this study. Factors such as age, sex, site, stage, histology, treatment received, and outcome were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Basic statistical tools have been used for analyzing the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of occurrence of second malignancy, either synchronous or metachronous, should always be kept in mind while evaluating a cancer patient. Appearance of new signs and symptoms during the initial evaluation as well as during follow-up should raise a suspicion, and both patient and oncologist should have a low threshold for further assessment. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce morbidity and mortality and lead to better survival outcome.

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BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has been the gold standard for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but the side effects of dysphagia and bloating have lead to interest in partial fundoplication as an alternative. AIM: To compare the symptomatic and objective parameters after LNF and laparoscopic anterior partial fundoplication (LAPF) in patients with GERD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Division of Minimal Access Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College from June 2008 to October 2016. Patients with GERD with high score on 24-hour pH monitoring were selected for surgery (LAPF) and were compared with our historical control of 25 patients who underwent LNF. The preoperative and postoperative symptom score and objective parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 50 GERD patients, 20 patients underwent surgery (LAPF) and these were compared with 25 patients who underwent LNF. Demester score, modified Visick grade decreased from 4.12, 3.23 in LNF; 4.35, 3.35 in LAPF to 0, 1 in both groups. There was significant and similar increase in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) length, intra-abdominal LES length, LES pressure. The 24-h pH) decreased from 10.18% and 8.08% to 0.85% and 1.09% in LNF and LAPF, respectively. At 1 year and 5 years of follow-up, symptom scores, manometric analysis, and pH metry evaluation remained to be improved in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS: LAPF is as effective as LNF for GERD, with less dysphagia.

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Cancer of the oral cavity makes up approximately 30% of all head and neck region tumors. Skin metastasis is rare with an incidence ranging between 0.7% and 2.4%. Skin metastasis usually occurs in the neck, scalp, and over the skin near the primary site. We report a patient with carcinoma left buccal mucosa who presented with distant skin metastases to the right side chest wall.

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AIM: To assess outcome of chemoradiotherapy for organ preservation in muscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 patients treated between January 2010 to January 2015 were evaluated in the present study. All patients T staged ranging from cT2-T4a and had undergone maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). After maximum bladder tumour resection patients were treated with Radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. 8 weeks after completion of treatment response was assessed by check cystoscopy, urine cytology and CECT scan Abdomen. Data regarding the toxicity profile, initial complete response rates at 3 months, occurrence of loco regional or distant failure and survival was recorded. RESULTS: Age ranged between 45- 84 years, (mean age 65.44). Radiotherapy dose planned ranged from 60 Gy/30fr to 70.3 Gy/37 fractions to primary target and 59.2 Gy/37fractions to the nodal disease. PTV volume ranged from 69-548.9 cc. 23 patients received concurrent chemotherapy weekly. 11 patients have cystitis (5 Gr 1, 4 Gr II and 2 Gr III). 5 patients have myelosuppression. 10 patients have acute gastrointestinal toxicity (5 Gr-I, 4 Gr-II, 1 Gr-III). At the time of analysis follow up ranged from 3-42 months (median follow 1 year).The DFS at 42 months was 54%. Out of 39 patients 3 were lost to follow up (2 in partial bladder group and 1 in whole bladder group). Out of 36 patients 24 (66.6%) are disease free, 4 (11.1%) patients had recurrence for which 2 underwent salvage cystectomy whereas 2 patients received palliative chemotherapy. Five patients developed distant metastases (4 bone and 1 brain metastasis). CONCLUSION: Bladder-preservation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a valid substitute in selected cases with long-term efficacy similar to radical cystectomy, with the additional advantage of preserving excellent bladder function in the majority of long-term survivors.

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This is the second case report in English literature of a primary non-cutaneous non mucosal melanoma (NCNM) originating from Infratemporal fossa (ITF). A 21 year woman who was previously treated for craniopharyngioma 14 years back with surgery and radiation, presented with left ITF swelling which after excision was histologically confirmed to be NCNM. She has been disease free till date. Therapeutic difficulties and diagnostic dilemmas in such a case are discussed. We propose the term of non cutaneous non mucosal melanoma (NCNM) for this rare entity.

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Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a rare benign tumour of the breast. However inadequate surgery of this tumour, which is notorious for its pseudopod like extension into adjacent tissue, results in recurrence. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the breast that has been excised at a local hospital and then referred to a tertiary care hospital for definite management. The diagnostic dilemmas and optimal management, of such cases where dependable pathology report and details of primary surgery are often not available, are discussed.

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BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) worldwide. However, unfavourable postoperative sequel, including gas bloat and dysphagia, has encouraged surgeons to perform alternative procedures such as laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF). This prospective nonrandomized study was designed to compare LNF with LTF in patients with GERD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred and ten patients symptomatic for GERD were included in the study after having received intensive acid suppression therapy for a minimum of 8 weeks. A 24-hour pH metry was done on all patients. Fifty patients having reflux on 24-hour pH metry were taken up for the surgery. Patients were further divided into group-A (LNF) and group-B (LTF). RESULTS: The median percentage time with esophageal pH < 4 decreased from 10.18% and 12.31% preoperatively to 0.85% and 1.94% postoperatively in LNF and LTF-groups, respectively. There was a significant and comparable increase in length of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), length of intraabdominal part of LES and LES pressure at respiratory inversion point in both the groups. In LNF-group, five patients had early dysphagia that improved afterwards. There were no significant postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: LNF and LTF are highly effective in the management of GERD with significant improvement in symptoms and objective parameters. LNF may be associated with significantly higher incidence of short onset transient dysphagia that improves with time. Patients in both the groups showed excellent symptom and objective control on 24-hour pH metry on short term follow-up.

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BACKGROUND: Surgical management for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is indicated for reflux uncontrolled on medical therapy. Few studies have been reported from the Indian subcontinent evaluating laparoscopic fundoplication in GERD. The study was designed to evaluate laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in proven cases of GERD and to evaluate the procedure from using detailed symptomatic, objective parameters. METHODS: Forty-nine patients symptomatic for GERD and with esophagitis on endoscopy were included in the study. Symptoms were evaluated by DeMeester's score (DS) and modified Visick grade (MVG). All patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy, ultrasound abdomen, Barium swallow, esophageal manometry, and 24-hour pH metry. Twenty-five of 49 patients showing reflux on 24-hour pH metry underwent LNF. They were followed-up postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 weeks. Esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH metry were repeated at 6 weeks. The data were compared from using Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Student's t-test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: At 6 weeks postoperatively, percentage time with esophageal pH <4 decreased from 10.18% preoperatively to 0.85%. Length of lower esophageal sphincter (LES), length of intra-abdominal part of LES and LES pressure at the respiratory inversion point increased significantly from 2.08 cm, 0.85 cm, and 7.82 mm Hg to 3.36 cm, 2.13 cm, and 22.00 mm Hg, respectively. Median DS and MVG decreased from 4.00 and 3.35 preoperatively to 0 and 1, respectively. There was no conversion to open surgery and no mortality. Five patients developed temporary dysphagia to solids, which was relieved before 6 weeks postoperatively. Mean time to return to work was 12.60 days. CONCLUSIONS: LNF proved highly effective in the management of Indian patients with GERD who have failed medical therapy and provides significant symptomatic improvement postoperatively with a low incidence of side effects.

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BACKGROUND: This is an unusual case of a 26-year-old P2L2 lady who presented with chief complaints of pain abdomen and irregular bleeding p/v with history of post-coital bleeding. CASE REPORT: On per speculum examination, cervix was replaced by an irregular friable growth, which was bleeding on touch. A clinical diagnosis of carcinoma cervix was made but the cervical biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with presence of acid-fast bacilli on cervical smear consistent with tuberculosis. The patient responded to six months of anti-tubercular therapy. CONCLUSION: To conclude, cervical tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma cervix in young women with suspicious cervix.