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The analysis of the enthalpy changes for vaporization (ΔHvap) of Al-based metallic glass (MG) can provide insight into the origin of the MG's glass forming ability (GFA). The ΔHvap of three Al-based MGs, Al84.5 ± x(Y10Ni5.5)15.5 ± x, Al85 ± x(Y8Ni5Co2)15 ± x, and Al86 ± x(Y4.5Ni6Co2La1.5)14 ± x, (hereafter referred to as AYNx, AYNCx, and AYNCLx, respectively), is analyzed by measuring their weight losses below their glass transition temperatures. The relationship between ΔHvap and aluminum concentration exhibit minimum values in the range of 83-85 at.% of Al, and the ΔHvap increases, becoming saturated at 320-350 kJ/mol, as the percentage of Al deviates from this range. The depth of the enthalpy well, referring to the bottom of the parabolic graph of ΔHvap against the Al concentration, is proportional to the viscosity of clusters showing liquid-like behavior. The amount of weight loss is proportional to the concentration of these clusters. The cluster viscosity and concentration influences the overall viscosity of the MGs, and thus determines the GFA.

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A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped (0.6-0.9 × 0.7-1.2 µm), motile marine bacterium, designated MEBiC06554(T), was isolated from seawater collected from the East Sea, Korea (also known as the Sea of Japan). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MEBiC06554(T) was affiliated to the order Kordiimonadales and showed high similarity to Kordiimonas gwangyangensis GW14-5(T) (95.4 %), but formed a distinct phyletic line. Growth was observed at 10.5-35.0 °C (optimum 20 °C), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0-13 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0-3.5 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0) (14.9 %), iso-C(17 : 1)ω9c (44.6 %), iso-C(17 : 0) (6.3 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)ω7c; 13.9 %). The DNA G+C content was 50.3 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified glycolipids, six unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified lipids and one unidentified aminophospholipid were detected as major polar lipids. On the basis of the data from our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain MEBiC06554(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Kordiimonas, as Kordiimonas aquimaris sp. nov. The type strain is MEBiC06554(T) (= KCCM 42940(T) = JCM 16665(T)). Emended descriptions of the genus Kordiimonas and of its species Kordiimonas gwangyangensis and Kordiimonas lacus are also proposed.

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UNLABELLED: Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM; also called a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode) is a promising semiconductor photosensor in PET and PET/MRI because it is intrinsically MRI-compatible and has internal gain and timing properties comparable to those of a photomultiplier tube. In this study, we have developed a small-animal PET system using SiPMs and lutetium gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (LGSO) crystals and performed physical evaluation and animal imaging studies to show the feasibility of this system. METHODS: The SiPM PET system consists of 8 detectors, each of which comprises 2 × 6 SiPMs and 4 × 13 LGSO crystals. Each crystal has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 × 7 mm. The crystal face-to-face diameter and axial field of view are 6.0 cm and 6.5 mm, respectively. Bias voltage is applied to each SiPM using a finely controlled voltage supply because the gain of the SiPM strongly depends on the supply voltage. The physical characteristics were studied by measuring energy resolution, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Various mouse and rat images were obtained to study the feasibility of the SiPM PET system in in vivo animal studies. Reconstructed PET images using a maximum-likelihood expectation maximization algorithm were coregistered with animal CT images. RESULTS: All individual LGSO crystals within the detectors were clearly distinguishable in flood images obtained by irradiating the detector using a (22)Na point source. The energy resolution for individual crystals was 25.8% ± 2.6% on average for 511-keV photopeaks. The spatial resolution measured with the (22)Na point source in a warm background was 1.0 mm (2 mm off-center) and 1.4 mm (16 mm off-center) when the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization algorithm was applied. A myocardial (18)F-FDG study in mice and a skeletal (18)F study in rats demonstrated the fine spatial resolution of the scanner. The feasibility of the SiPM PET system was also confirmed in the tumor images of mice using (18)F-FDG and (68)Ga-RGD and in the brain images of rats using (18)F-FDG. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that it is possible to develop a PET system using a promising semiconductor photosensor, which yielded reasonable PET performance in phantom and animal studies.

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This study was performed to identify clinical factors that facilitate the diagnosis of typical cow's milk protein-induced enterocolitis (CMPIE). Data from 142 consecutive patients (aged 15 to 45 days, cow's milk formula- or cow's milk and breast milk mixed-fed) admitted due to vomiting and/or diarrhea were retrospectively analyzed. These 142 subjects were divided into three groups: the CMPIE, infection, and non-infection group. Each group was composed of 16 (11.3%), 102 (71.8%), and 24 (16.9%) patients, respectively. On admission, poor weight gain (p=0.003), hypoalbuminemia (p=0.035), peripheral leukocytosis (p=0.012), and metabolic acidosis (p=0.015) were found to be more significant in the CMPIE group than those in other two groups. In CMPIE, serum albumin levels decreased from 3.3+/-0.9 g/dL on admission to 2.6+/-0.3 g/dL during admission (p<0.05), and methemoglobinemia was observed in 3 patients (18.8%) (p=0.012). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of CMPIE versus the infection group were failure to gain weight (OR, 10.75 [95% CI, 1.53-66.12]) (p= 0.014) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 9.53 [95% CI, 1.62-49.01]) (p=0.010). The early recognition of indexes of suspicion for CMPIE may be of help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

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