RESUMEN
The consistent association between regular physical exercise and positive health outcomes presents a compelling case for investigating the differences between individuals who exercise regularly and those who do not. Based on a randomized cross-sectional survey of 1,201 households, this study adopts a psychographic framework to investigate the role of health orientation in physical exercise behavior. This study extends the concept of health orientation, operationalized as five psychographic subscales (health information orientation, preventative orientation, exercise orientation, healthy eating orientation, and health information efficacy) as well as three behavioral constructs (sedentary behavior, BMI and cigarette smoking) to understand physical exercise behavior. The results show significant differences between regular exercisers and non-exercisers, and suggest that a psychographic framework based on health orientation could offer a more holistic approach for understanding physical exercise behavior by highlighting the treatment of the whole individual. Physical exercise, as a specific health behavior, is in fact interlinked with other health behaviors through an underlying health orientation toward health issues in general.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Conducta SedentariaRESUMEN
We examine how intrinsic motivations in two health interaction contexts - online and doctor's office visit - influence online health information seeking (OHIS). Many studies have approached OHIS through short-term gratification of informational needs. Our study uses a conceptual framework of intrinsic human motivation to better understand OHIS as a form of sustained behavior. We applied Self Determination Theory's three key constructs (Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness) within a locus of patient-physician relations. Our findings, based on a survey of 993 online health information seekers in India, show that support for Autonomy in the online context explains all three categories of OHIS behaviors: Diagnosis and Treatment Information Seeking, General Health Information Seeking, and Office Visit Information Seeking. Support for Relatedness in the online context explains only Office Visit Information Seeking. However, support for Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in the office visit experience could not explain why people engage in OHIS overall. Motivations for the office visit are not associated with the online experience, suggesting that online and offline are not just two kinds of substitute health interaction contexts.
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Conducta en la Búsqueda de Información , Motivación , Humanos , India , Internet , Autonomía Personal , Relaciones Médico-PacienteRESUMEN
Our paper extends channel complementarity theory, which has focused on evidence of complementarity and patterns of channel use, by elucidating the notion of trust complementarity. We examined trust, an information-carrier characteristic and a core construct in health-focused decision-making to understand cancer information seeking, based on data from two nationally representative surveys in Singapore. Trust is found to be differential, relational, and ecological, with implications for individuals' access to and reliance on doctors, family/friends, newspapers/magazines, radio, TV, and the Internet for cancer prevention information. In an ideal trust complementarity environment, an individual should be able to traverse a range of communication channels seamlessly. Our findings however suggest that although individuals trust different channels complementarily, their trust patterns are limited and fettered. We identified two types of trust ecologies shaped by dual-channel and polymorphic complementarity patterns that suggest that health information seekers are trapped within specific trust ecologies that prevent them from navigating a broader range of communication channels for cancer prevention.
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Información de Salud al Consumidor/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta en la Búsqueda de Información , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Confianza/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Teoría Psicológica , Singapur , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This article seeks to contribute to the literature on health information seeking (HIS) by culturally locating the search for health information within the local contexts of everyday life in Singapore, and within the meaning-making processes that individuals participate in. Based on in-depth interviews with 100 participants selected through stratified sampling, it asks: How do Singaporeans make sense of HIS in the realm of their everyday lived experiences? The study contributes to the literature on the roles familial ties play in information gathering and sharing in a collective context. More importantly, these familial ties provide perspective on the ways in which culture spatio-temporally constitutes HIS. HIS is informed by familial role expectations in a collectivist context where filial piety and "respect for the elderly" are guiding anchors for behavior. Moreover, harmony and community well-being define societal roles and responsibilities of caregiving, directed broadly at communal care. These collective-oriented contexts therefore inform HIS.
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Características Culturales , Comunicación en Salud , Conducta en la Búsqueda de Información , Relaciones Intergeneracionales , Internet , Adulto , Anciano , Etnicidad , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , SingapurRESUMEN
This study elucidates the experiential and motivational aspects of online health information beyond the theoretically limited instrumental perspective that dominates the extant literature. Based on a sample of 993 online health information seekers in India, the survey found that online health information seeking offers individuals greater autonomy, competence, and relatedness compared to face-to-face office visits with physicians. According to self-determination theory, individuals are motivated to act by a sense of volition and experience of willingness, validation of one's skills and competencies, and feeling of connection with others who shaped one's decisions. These 3 psychological needs, which motivate individuals to pursue what they innately seek as human beings, help explain why individuals turn online for health information. T tests showed that all 3 self-determination theory constructs -autonomy, competence, and relatedness-were higher for online health information seeking than for face-to-face office visits with physicians. A regression analysis found that 2 variables, autonomy and relatedness, explained online health information seeking. Competence was not a significant factor, likely because of competency issues faced by individuals in interpreting, understanding, and making use of online health information. The findings, which do not suggest that online health information seeking would displace physicians as many have feared, offer promise for an integrated system of care. Office visits with physicians would necessarily evolve into an expanded communicative space of health information seeking instead of an alternative channel for health information.
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Información de Salud al Consumidor , Conducta en la Búsqueda de Información , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Visita a Consultorio Médico/estadística & datos numéricos , Autonomía Personal , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Teoría Psicológica , Análisis de Regresión , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study seeks to understand how public health messages provided by the government in Singapore during an Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic were framed by the news media for the public. News articles were analyzed to explore how the global pandemic was framed as a local event, providing a unique exploration of the dynamic involving public health communication, news media and the state. Thematic analysis (n = 309) included the government-issued press releases disseminating public health information about H1N1 that were directly linked to news stories (n = 56) and news stories about H1N1 generated by the newspaper (n = 253). Four themes were found: (i) imported disease, (ii) war/battle metaphors, (iii) social responsibility and (iv) lockdown policies. Frame analysis revealed that the news coverage during the H1N1 pandemic reflected how the newspaper framed and mediated the information flow, amplified a positive tone for the government response, emphasized individual responsibility and utilized gain frames to construct local messages about the global H1N1 pandemic that reified Singapore as a nation-state.
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Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Difusión de la Información/métodos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Periódicos como Asunto , Pandemias , Agencias Gubernamentales , Comunicación en Salud/métodos , Humanos , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Singapur/epidemiología , Responsabilidad SocialRESUMEN
Pandemics challenge conventional assumptions about health promotion, message development, community engagement, and the role of news media. To understand the use of press releases in news coverage of pandemics, this study traces the development of framing devices from a government public health agency's press releases to news stories about the 2009 H1N1 A influenza pandemic. The communication management of the H1N1 pandemic, an international news event with local implications, by the Singapore government is a rich locus for understanding the dynamics of public relations, health communication, and journalism. A content analysis shows that the evolution of information from press release to news is marked by significant changes in media frames, including the expansion and diversification in dominant frames and emotion appeals, stronger thematic framing, more sources of information, conversion of loss frames into gain frames, and amplification of positive tone favoring the public health agency's position. Contrary to previous research that suggests that government information subsidies passed almost unchanged through media gatekeepers, the news coverage of the pandemic reflects journalists' selectivity in disseminating the government press releases and in mediating the information flow and frames from the press releases.
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Comunicación en Salud/métodos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Difusión de la Información/métodos , Medios de Comunicación de Masas/estadística & datos numéricos , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Agencias Gubernamentales , Humanos , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Salud Pública , Singapur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This study examines the ethical dimensions of public health communication, with a focus on antismoking public service announcements (PSAs). The content analysis of 826 television ads from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Media Campaign Resource Center is an empirical testing of Baker and Martinson's (2001) TARES Test that directly examines persuasive messages for truthfulness, authenticity, respect, equity, and social responsibility. In general, the antismoking ads score highly on ethicality. There are significant relationships between ethicality and message attributes (thematic frame, emotion appeal, source, and target audience). Ads that portrayed smoking as damaging to health and socially unacceptable score lower in ethicality than ads that focus on tobacco industry manipulation, addiction, dangers of secondhand smoke, and cessation. Emotion appeals of anger and sadness are associated with higher ethicality than shame and humor appeals. Ads targeting teen/youth audiences score lower on ethicality than ads targeting adult and general audiences. There are significant differences in ethicality based on source; ads produced by the CDC rate higher in ethicality than other sources. Theoretical implications and practical recommendations are discussed.