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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer has a poor prognosis; the number of long-term survivors (LTSs) is small compared with that of other cancers. Few studies have focused on late recurrence in LTSs with lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for survival and late recurrence in LTSs after disease-free period of 5 years. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients with a disease-free survival of at least 5 years after surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between January 1998 and December 2012 was conducted. Patients who underwent neo-adjuvant therapy, had an incomplete resection, or had advanced stage (stages IIIb and IV) cancer were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 1,254 (53.2%) of 2,357 patients were enrolled. Of these, 759 (60.5%) were men, and the mean patient age was 61.9±10.1 (range, 10-87 years) years. Pathologic N0 (997 patients, 79.5%) and stage I (860 patients, 68.6%) were the dominant stages. Late recurrence occurred in 22 patients (1.8%) 5 years postoperatively. On multivariate analysis, male sex, older age, node-positive status, and late recurrence were found to be independent risk factors for overall survival (OS), while a node-positive status was the only independent risk factor for disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) =3.824; P=0.002; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.658-8.821]. CONCLUSIONS: The nodal stage at the time of surgical resection was found to be an independent risk factor for both OS and disease-free survival 5 years after initial treatment in patients with completely resected NSCLC.

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BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has become the major surgical option for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Endoscopic instruments such as stapler cartridges are essential for VATS procedures. In this study, we investigated the factors that affect the number of stapler cartridges used in VATS lobectomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients who underwent complete VATS lobectomy for NSCLC from January 2013 to December 2015. RESULTS: In total, 596 patients underwent complete VATS lobectomy. The average number of stapler cartridges used for VATS lobectomy was 5.3±1.9. The number of stapler cartridges used for VATS lobectomy was higher in men (5.5±1.9 vs. 5.0±18, p=0.006), those aged older than 70 years (5.5±2.1 vs. 5.1±1.7, p=0.038), those who underwent upper or middle lobectomy procedures (5.7±1.9 vs. 4.1±1.2, p<0.001), those with a higher fissure sum average (p<0.001), and those in whom surgery was performed by a surgeon with a preference for staplers (5.6±2.0 vs. 4.9±1.6, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The number of stapler cartridges required to perform VATS lobectomy in NSCLC patients appears to be influenced by sex, age, the location of the tumor, the degree of fissure development, and the surgeon's preference.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used for hemodynamic support during lung transplantation (LTx). We evaluated the risk factors associated with failure of weaning from ECMO in the operating room during LTx. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 74 consecutive patients who had undergone LTx from March 2013 to February 2016. Patients who underwent single LTx, multiorgan transplantation, and LTx for pulmonary hypertension were excluded. All operations were performed under ECMO support. Clinical data of donor, recipient, and intraoperative parameters were reviewed. RESULTS: Younger donors (40 ± 11 versus 45 ± 10 years, p = 0.047), donors with shorter mechanical ventilation (125 ± 74 versus 160 ± 80 minutes, p = 0.066) and donors with higher Pao2 at 100% oxygen (455 ± 87 mm Hg versus 399 ± 88 mm Hg, p = 0.008) were significantly different in the ECMO weaning group than in the weaning failure group. Of the recipients, the number of patients who had preoperative ECMO support were significantly fewer in the successful weaning group than in the weaning failure group (11.9% versus 34.4%, p = 0.061). The operation time was significantly shorter in the weaning group than in the weaning failure group (392 ± 66 versus 435 ± 82 minutes, p = 0.014). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors for ECMO weaning were donor age (odds ratio 1.101, 95% confidence interval: 1.030 to 1.177, p = 0.005), donor Pao2 (odds ratio 0.992, 95% confidence interval: 0.984 to 0.999, p = 0.034), and operation time (odds ratio 1.010, 95% confidence interval: 1.000 to 1.019, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that younger donor age, high Pao2, and shorter operation time were factors related to successful ECMO weaning in the operating room after LTx.

Asunto(s)

Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea , Cuidados Intraoperatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Trasplante de Pulmón , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Privación de Tratamiento

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BACKGROUND: The oncologic outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients after robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (RATE) with total mediastinal lymphadenectomy (ML) has not been reported. This study was performed to determine the oncologic outcome of RATE and the effectiveness of total ML for ESCC. METHODS: The 115 patients who underwent RATE without neoadjuvant therapy from 2006 to 2014 were reviewed. The efficacy index (EI) was calculated by multiplying the incidence of metastasis by the 3-year survival rate of the patients for each node station. RESULTS: The majority of patients were male (92.2%), and the mean age was 63.2 ± 0.8 years. Tumor location was the upper esophagus in 12 patients (10.4%), the middle esophagus in 59 patients (51.3%), and the lower esophagus in 44 patients (38.3%). R0 resection was achieved in 110 (95.7%) patients; the mean number of dissected nodes was 49.0 ± 1.9. Operative mortalities were 4 (3.5%) cases; in the remaining 111 patients, the mean follow-up time was 32.4 ± 2.2 months. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free interval (RFI) at 3 years were 85.0% and 79.4%, respectively. The 3-year OS and RFI were 94.4% and 96.2% in patients with stage I disease, 86.2% and 80.1% in stage II disease, and 77.8% and 79.5% in stage IIIA disease, respectively. High EI values were determined in the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) nodes in upper and middle ESCC, and in the left gastric and paracardial nodes in lower ESCC. CONCLUSIONS: The oncologic outcome of RATE was acceptable. Total ML, including dissection of the RLN nodes, is recommended especially in upper or middle ESCC.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagectomía/métodos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Mediastino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In lung transplantation (LTx), patients with thoracic muscle sarcopenia may have to require longer to recovery. We measured thoracic muscle volume by using the cross sectional area (CSA) and assessed its effect on early outcomes after LTx. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of thoracic sarcopenia in patients undergoing LTx between January 2010 and July 2015. The lowest CSA quartile (Q1) was defined as sarcopenia. RESULTS: In total, 109 patients were enrolled. The mean CSA was 58.24±15.82 cm(2). Patients in the highest CSA quartile were more likely to be male (92.6% vs. 17.9%, P<0.001), older (55.2±10.1 vs. 43.2±14.9 years, P=0.001), to have a higher body mass index (BMI) (22.3±4.0 vs. 19.4±3.7 kg/m(2), P=0.007), and to have pulmonary fibrosis (85.2% vs. 35.7%, P=0.003) compared with the lowest CSA quartile. Early outcomes including ventilator support duration [32.9±49.2 vs. 24.5±39.9 days, P= not significant (ns)], intensive care unit (ICU) stay duration (28.4±43.7 vs. 24.4±35.9 days, P= ns) and hospital stay duration (61.4±48.2 vs. 50.8±37.2 days, P= ns) tended to be longer in Q1 than Q4, but the difference was not significant. However, the 1-year survival rate was better in Q1 compared with Q4 (66.6% vs. 46.0%, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although patients with thoracic sarcopenia seem to require a longer post-operative recovery time after LTx, this does not compromise their early outcomes. By contrast, patients with larger thoracic muscle volume (Q4) showed poorer survival times.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fissure differs among patients, but the relationship between pulmonary fissure development and survival in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma has not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the effect of fissure development on prognosis in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2012, data, including pulmonary fissure development, were collected prospectively for all lung cancer, and this was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. In total, 297 patients who had undergone a lobectomy and had pathologic stage I adenocarcinoma were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on fissure sum average (FSA) fissure development scores. Group A patients ranged from complete to 30% incomplete (0 ≤ FSA ≤ 1) while in Group B patients development was more than 30% incomplete (1 < FSA ≤ 3). RESULTS: In univariate analysis, Group B had poorer overall 5 year survival than did Group A (83.1% vs. 96.5%, P = 0.015). Multivariate analysis revealed that the level of fissure development was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 3.905, CI = 1.168-13.057, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival of patients with resected stage I adenocarcinoma was adversely affected by incomplete fissure development. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:848-852. © 2016 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Asunto(s)

Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Pulmón/patología , Neumonectomía , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Pulmón/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neumonectomía/métodos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Análisis de Supervivencia , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The role of tumor matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of tumor MMP-9 expression and other clinicopathologic factors in patients with completely resected NSCLC. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent complete resection of pathological stage I-IIIA NSCLC at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between 1998 and 2009. Tumor samples of 417 patients were stained by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of MMP-9 in tumor cells was evaluated, using the median immunohistochemical score of 10 (range, 0-300) as the cut-off. RESULTS: Tumor MMP-9 expression was observed in 161 (38.6%) of 417 patients. Log-rank analysis showed a significant association of tumor MMP-9 expression with shortened disease-free survival (p = 0.01) but not with overall survival (p = 0.109). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor MMP-9 expression was not an independent prognostic factor of recurrence (p = 0.142) or survival (p = 0.807). However, among patients with adenocarcinoma, tumor MMP-9 expression was associated with relapse (p = 0.003) and poor survival (p = 0.033). Furthermore, tumor MMP-9 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of relapse in patients with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with NSCLC, tumor MMP-9 expression was associated with poor outcomes in those with adenocarcinoma, but not in those with squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, MMP-9 expression was identified as an independent predictor of relapse of completely resected lung adenocarcinoma.

Asunto(s)

Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Neumonectomía , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neumonectomía/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to establish whether pulmonary lobectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) can be safely performed by trainees with limited experience with open lobectomy. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from 251 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy at a single institution between October 2007 and April 2011. The surgical outcomes of the procedures that were performed by three trainee surgeons were compared to the outcomes of procedures performed by a surgeon who had performed more than 150 VATS lobectomies. The cumulative failure graph of each trainee was used for quality assessment and learning curve analysis. RESULTS: The surgery time, estimated blood loss, final pathologic stage, thoracotomy conversion rate, chest tube duration, duration of hospital stay, complication rate, and mortality rate were comparable between the expert surgeon and each trainee. Cumulative failure graphs showed that the performance of each trainee was acceptable and that all trainees reached proficiency in performing VATS lobectomy after 40 cases. CONCLUSION: This study shows that trainees with limited experience with open lobectomy can safely learn to perform VATS lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer under expert supervision without compromising outcomes.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study focused on the association between preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21-1) levels and pathologic parameters in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 527 patients who underwent pulmonary resection of NSCLC were reviewed. The association between preoperative serum CEA and Cyfra 21-1 levels and variables that had p-values of less than 0.05 in a t-test or one-way analyses of variance was analyzed by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean serum CEA and Cyfra 21-1 levels prior to surgery were 6.8±23.1 mg/dL (range, 0.01 to 390.8 mg/dL) and 5.4±12.3 mg/dL (range, 0.65 to 140.2 mg/dL). The serum CEA levels were associated with tumor (T) and lymph node (N) stage and histology. The serum Cyfra 21-1 levels were associated with T stage, tumor size, and histology. Multiple linear regression indicated that serum CEA levels were associated with T (T3/4 vs. T1: ß=8.463, p=0.010) and N stage (N2/3 vs. N0: ß=9.208, p<0.001) and histology (adenocarcinoma vs. squamous cell: ß=6.838, p=0.001), and serum Cyfra 21-1 levels were associated with tumor size (ß=2.579, p<0.001) and histology (squamous cell vs. adenocarcinoma: ß=4.420, p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Serum CEA level was correlated with T and N stage, and Cyfra 21-1 with tumor size. CEA and Cyfra 21-1 showed histologic correlation. CEA is mainly elevated in adenocarcinoma and Cyfra 21-1 in squamous cell carcinoma. These results might be helpful for predicting pathologic status in preoperative NSCLC.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Various procedures have been performed to decrease the incidence of recurrent postoperative pneumothorax after thoracoscopic bullectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and pleural abrasion for prevention of recurrent postoperative pneumothorax. METHODS: From January 2009 to August 2011, 257 patients underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. In group A, 128 patients underwent pleural abrasion. These patients were compared with 129 patients (group B) who underwent a procedure to cover stable lines with an absorbable PGA sheet in addition to pleural abrasion. RESULTS: There was no difference in preoperative demographics, although the age of patients in group A was statistically higher than that of patients in group B (23.67 ± 6.54 versus 21.69 ± 5.65; p = 0.010). In group A, prolonged postoperative air leaks (≥ 3 days) occurred more frequently (7.8% versus 2.3%; p = 0.045). A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that recurrence-free rates were higher in group B (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Coverage with PGA sheet and pleural abrasion after thoracoscopic bullectomy is effective for preventing prolonged postoperative air leaks and reducing postoperative recurrence rates.

Asunto(s)

Pleurodesia/métodos , Neumotórax/cirugía , Ácido Poliglicólico/farmacología , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video/métodos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Neumotórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Prevención Secundaria , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Deep neck infections (DNI) can originate from infection in the potential spaces and fascial planes of the neck. DNI can be managed without surgery, but there are cases that need surgical treatment, especially in the case of mediastinal involvement. The aim of this study is to identify clinical features of DNI and analyze the predisposing factors for mediastinal extension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 56 patients suffering from DNI who underwent cervical drainage only (CD group) and those who underwent cervical drainage combined with mediastinal drainage for descending necrotizing mediastinitis (MD group) from August 2003 to May 2009 and compared the clinical features of each group and the predisposing factors for mediastinal extension. RESULTS: Forty-four out of the 56 patients underwent cervical drainage only (79%) and 12 patients needed both cervical and mediastinal drainage (21%). There were no differences between the two groups in gender (p=0.28), but the MD group was older than the CD group (CD group, 44.2±23.2 years; MD group, 55.6±12.1 years; p=0.03). The MD group had a higher rate of co-morbidity than the CD group (p=0.04). The CD group involved more than two spaces in 14 cases (32%) and retropharyngeal involvement in 12 cases (27%). The MD group involved more than two spaces in 11 cases (92%) and retropharyngeal involvement in 12 cases (100%). Organism identification took place in 28 cases (64%) of the CD group and 3 cases of (25%) the MD group (p=0.02). The mean hospital stay of the CD group was 21.5±15.9 days and that of the MD group was 41.4±29.4 days (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The predisposing factors of mediastinal extension in DNI were older age, involvement of two or more spaces, especially including the retropharyngeal space, and more comorbidities. The MD group had a longer hospital stay, higher mortality, and more failure to identify causative organisms of causative organisms than the CD group.

RESUMEN

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is caused by emotional or physical stressors and mimics acute myocardial infarction, though Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by reversible left ventricular (LV) apical ballooning in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We describe a 51-year-old male who underwent left upper lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, and during which cardiogenic arrest occurred due to stress-induced cardiomyopathy, successfully managed by intra-aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

RESUMEN

A 39-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to a pulsatile mass on her right inner thigh that was evident for two months. She did not exhibit any risk factors of atherosclerosis, no evidence of vasculitis, or any signs of previous trauma history. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed an adult fist-sized aneurysm on the distal superficial femoral artery. The aneurysm was resected and peripheral circulation was restored with the interposition of a saphenous vein graft. The resected aneurysm had three layers that showed atherosclerosis on histological examination.