RESUMEN
A thin-foil infrared bolometer has been developed to measure the plasma radiation quantitatively during plasma disruptions in the KSTAR tokamak. We present analytic solutions of a 0D heat transfer model, which enable the estimation of the plasma radiation from the bolometer signal. The analytical solutions for the linear response regime give practical ways by which the radiation power and energy can be estimated from the cooling time scale of the bolometer signal. A useful way of evaluating the linear response of the system is also introduced. The analysis is complemented by 2D heat transfer simulations. The bolometer signals from the shattered pellet injection experiments in the 2020 KSTAR campaign are analyzed and interpreted according to the heat transfer models.
RESUMEN
For patients with kyphosis of the cervical spine, laminoplasty is usually incapable of improving neurological symptoms as it worsens kyphotic alignment. Thus, laminoplasty is not recommended in the presence of kyphotic alignment. Nevertheless, laminoplasty may be selected for myelopathy due to multiple-segment intervertebral disc herniation or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament despite kyphotic alignment. This study examined whether cervical alignment influences surgical outcomes. Cervical alignment before the surgery was classified into lordosis and non-lordosis, and the non-lordosis group was subclassified into reducible and non-reducible groups to determine the change in cervical alignment before and after the surgery and to analyze its relationship with spinopelvic parameters. The lordosis group showed an increase in upper cervical motion (C0-2 Range of Motion (ROM), C0-2ROM/C0-7ROM) after surgery, while the non-lordosis group exhibited a decrease in C2-7ROM and C0-7ROM. The C0-2ROM was maintained without any reduction in the reducible group, while there was no significant change in cervical alignment and ROM of the non-reducible group. None of these changes showed significant association with the spinopelvic parameters of other sites. However, having a non-reducible type non-lordosis is not a proper indication for laminoplasty, as it does not change the alignment after surgery. Therefore, cervical alignment and reducibility should be identified before surgery.
RESUMEN
Epidemiologic studies of pediatric bone and joint infection have been done mostly by developed Western countries, and such results could be expected to be biased. Therefore, an epidemiologic study to identify the distinct features of an Eastern country would be beneficial to improve their health outcomes and to reduce health care cost. A study was planned to investigate the epidemiology of pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in South Korea and to find out epidemiologic factors related with the occurrence of surgery.We conducted a cross-sectional study among hospitalized pediatric patients (<18 years old) with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis using nationwide cohort based on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2008 to 2016. Percentage of hospitalization was additionally calculated according to several epidemiologic factors including age, month, site of infection, and region of residence. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the association between epidemiologic factors and occurrence of surgeryAnnual hospitalization rates (per 100,000) in our country were 7.8 to 9.1 for osteomyelitis, and 11.9 to 20.8 for septic arthritis. Frequent sites of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis were pelvis and lower extremity. The hospitalization rates of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis showed increasing trend with age. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender, children, and adolescents rather than infants, rural area rather than urban area were associated with significantly increased odd ratios for surgery.The hospitalization rate of septic arthritis (11.9 to 20.8 per 100,000) in South Korea was higher than the Western countries (1.1 to 11 per 100,000), and the hospitalization rate of osteomyelitis (peak at 12 years) and septic arthritis (peak at 17 years) showed increasing trend with age, which was different from those of the developed Western countries showing higher incidence in children aged under 5 years. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, our study identified female gender, higher age group including children, and adolescents, and rural residence as epidemiologic risk factors associated with surgery.