RESUMEN

This study presents a framework for enabling autonomous pick-place operations, addressing the need for efficiency in complex logistics environments using a direct multi-target teaching interface. First, tag and segmentation information were combined to recognize products in a complex warehouse, and a camera was installed on the rack to allow workers to remotely see the work environment, allowing workers to view the work environment in real time through a tablet. Workers can access the camera view showing the rack containing the target product through a swiping action and select the target product through direct teaching action. When the target product is finally selected, an optimal path is created through task planning, and an autonomous pick-place operation is performed based on the generated path. As a result of conducting a usability evaluation using the SUS (System Usability Scale) with six users on the interface that enables these tasks, it was confirmed that high user satisfaction was achieved with an average of 77.5 points. In conclusion, the proposed interface enhances operational efficiency and provides a user-friendly solution for complex warehouse tasks.

RESUMEN

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease characterized by inflammation, pain, articular cartilage damage, synovitis, and irreversible disability. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP), a herbal medicine traditionally used in East Asia for its anti-inflammatory properties, was investigated for its potential to modulate OA pathology and symptoms. This study evaluated GP's efficacy in inhibiting pain, functional decline, and cartilage destruction in monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA and acetic acid-induced writhing models. Additionally, the effects of GP on OA-related inflammatory targets were assessed via mRNA and protein expression in rat knee cartilage and lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The GP group demonstrated significant pain relief, functional improvement, and cartilage protection. Notably, GP inhibited key inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 and MMP-13, cyclooxygenase-2, and prostaglandin E receptor 2, surpassing the effects of active controls. These findings suggest that GP is a promising candidate for disease-modifying OA drugs and warrants further comprehensive studies.

Asunto(s)

Analgésicos , Antiinflamatorios , Gynostemma , Osteoartritis , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Gynostemma/química , Ratones , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/patología , Osteoartritis/inducido químicamente , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos/farmacología , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Cartílago Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago Articular/patología , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with many complications and a poor prognosis that imposes a significant burden on individuals and society. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) represents a cost-effective non-drug therapeutic intervention for psoriasis. East Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) is currently being investigated for its potential as a safe and effective psoriasis treatment. Consequently, it has the potential to be employed as a combination therapy with NB-UVB. The objective was to ascertain the efficacy and safety of the EAHM with NB-UVB combination therapy and to identify important drugs for further research. In this study, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from ten databases in Korea, China, and Japan. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software version 4.3.0. The primary outcomes were the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and the incidence rate of adverse events (AEs), while the secondary outcomes were hematologic markers and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), which reflect the immune-mediated inflammatory pathology of psoriasis. The analysis of 40 RCTs, including 3521 participants, demonstrated that EAHM with NB-UVB combination therapy exhibited a statistically significant superiority over NB-UVB monotherapy with respect to primary and secondary outcomes. The Bayesian network meta-analysis revealed that Investigator Presciption 3 and Ziyin Liangxue Decoction exhibited a consistent relative advantage with respect to each PASI-based efficacy metric. The network analysis estimated the potential influence ranking for all individual herbs according to PageRank centrality. The findings of this study suggest that EAHMs co-administered with NB-UVB may provide additional efficacy and safety-related benefits for patients with psoriasis. However, the quality of evidence is still low, and further high-quality trials are needed to reach more definitive conclusions.

Asunto(s)

Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , Psoriasis , Terapia Ultravioleta , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Administración Oral , Teorema de Bayes , Terapia Combinada , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental/métodos , Metaanálisis en Red , Psoriasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Psoriasis/radioterapia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Terapia Ultravioleta/métodos , Terapia Ultravioleta/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of pathologies that affect the cerebral blood vessels. CSVD accounts for 25% of strokes and contributes to 45% of dementia. However, the pathogenesis of CSVD remains unclear, involving a variety of complex mechanisms. CSVD may result from dysfunction in the glymphatic system (GS). The GS contains aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), which is in the perivascular space, at the endfeet of the astrocyte. The GS contributes to the removal of waste products from the central nervous system, occupying perivascular spaces and regulating the exchange and movement of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. The GS involves astrocytes and aquaporin channels, which are components of the blood-brain barrier, and problems with them may constitute the pathogenesis of CSVD. Vascular risk factors, including diabetes, dilate the perivascular space, disrupting the glymphatic system and the active regulation of AQP-4. CSVD exacerbation due to disorders of the GS is associated with multiple vasculopathies. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system and AQP-4 interferes with the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which exacerbates CSVD. In a long-term follow-up of CSVD patients with microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and white matter hyperintensity, several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, increased the risk of ischemic stroke. Dysfunction of the GS may be the cause of CSVD; however, the underlying treatment needs to be studied further.

Asunto(s)

Acuaporina 4 , Barrera Hematoencefálica , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales , Sistema Glinfático , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/patología , Enfermedades de los Pequeños Vasos Cerebrales/etiología , Humanos , Sistema Glinfático/metabolismo , Sistema Glinfático/patología , Acuaporina 4/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/patología , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Astrocitos/patología , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Bone health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, and disorders such as osteoporosis pose significant challenges worldwide. East Asian Herbal Medicine (EAHM), with its rich history and holistic approach, offers promising avenues for enhancing bone regeneration. In this critical review article, we analyze the intricate mechanisms through which EAHM compounds modulate bone health. We explore the interplay between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, dissect signaling pathways crucial for bone remodeling and highlight EAHM anti-inflammatory effects within the bone microenvironment. Additionally, we emphasize the promotion of osteoblast viability and regulation of bone turnover markers by EAHM compounds. Epigenetic modifications emerge as a fascinating frontier where EAHM influences DNA methylation and histone modifications to orchestrate bone regeneration. Furthermore, we highlight EAHM effects on osteocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells, unraveling the holistic impact in bone tissue. Finally, we discuss future directions, including personalized medicine, combinatorial approaches with modern therapies and the integration of EAHM into evidence-based practice.

RESUMEN

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant and CNS tumor, accounting for 47.7% of total cases. Glioblastoma has an incidence rate of 3.21 cases per 100,000 people. The regulation of autophagy, a conserved cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components, has been found to play an important role in GBM pathogenesis and response to therapy. Autophagy plays a dual role in promoting tumor survival and apoptosis, and here we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and GBM. We summarize the mechanisms underlying autophagy dysregulation in GBM, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which is most active in brain tumors, and EGFR and mutant EGFRvIII. We also review potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy for the treatment of GBM, such as autophagy inhibitors used in combination with the standard of care, TMZ. We discuss our current understanding of how autophagy is involved in TMZ resistance and its role in glioblastoma development and survival.

Asunto(s)

Autofagia , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Glioblastoma , Temozolomida , Humanos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Glioblastoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/patología , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Temozolomida/farmacología , Temozolomida/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales

RESUMEN

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by chronic pain and joint degradation, is a progressive joint disease primarily induced by age-related systemic inflammation. Angelica gigas Nakai (AG), a medicinal plant widely used in East Asia, exhibits promising results for such conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of AG as a drug candidate for modulating the multifaceted pathology of OA based on its anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the efficacy of AG in pain relief, functional improvement, and cartilage erosion delay using monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rats and acetic acid-induced writhing mice, along with its anti-inflammatory effects on multiple targets in the serum and cartilage of in vivo models and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated significant analgesic and chondroprotective effects of AG, along with functional recovery, in model animals compared with the active controls. AG dose-dependently modulated inflammatory OA pathology-related targets, including interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-13, and cyclooxygenase-2, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, AG could be a potential drug candidate for modulating the multifaceted pathology of OA. Nevertheless, further comprehensive investigations, involving a broader range of compounds, pathologies, and mechanisms, are warranted to validate these findings.

Asunto(s)

Angelica , Antiinflamatorios , Osteoartritis , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Angelica/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Ratones , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratas , Analgésicos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We evaluated changes in the smartphone use rate and time among Korean adolescents and their awareness of associated health problems. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2020-2023) conducted by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The total number of enrolled adolescents aged 12-18 years was 214,526. RESULTS: The weekly smartphone usage rate increased from 96.4% to 97.1% (p = 0.03), with no significant changes observed in weekend usage. The average smartphone use time was 4.7 h on weekdays (p = 0.17) and 6.6 h on weekends (p = 0.37). Middle school adolescents had a higher weekday use rate than high school adolescents, but the average smartphone use time was significantly less. By 2023, the proportion of adolescents with overdependence was 28% (n = 14,672). Additionally, 11.8% (n = 6255) responded that they had experienced health problems due to smartphone use. CONCLUSIONS: The longer they used their smartphones for on the weekends, the more likely they considered their health to be worse. In conclusion, our youth population needs to be educated on the proper use of smartphones.

RESUMEN

Free fatty acids (FFA) are a known risk factor in the development of sudden cardiac death. However, the relationship between FFA and the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between FFA and neurological outcomes in OHCA patients. This prospective observational study included adult (≥18 years) OHCA patients between February 2016 and December 2022. We measured serial FFA levels within 1 hour after ROSC and at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The primary outcome was neurological outcome at 6 months. A poor neurological outcome was defined by cerebral performance categories 3, 4, and 5. A total of 147 patients were included. Of them, 104 (70.7%) had poor neurological outcomes, whereby the median FFA levels within 1 hour after ROSC (0.72 vs 1.01 mol/L), at 6 hours (1.19 vs 1.90 mol/L), 12 hours (1.20 vs 1.66 mol/L), and 24 hours (1.20 vs 1.95 mol/L) after ROSC were significantly lower than in good outcome group. The FFA levels at 6 hours (odds ratio, 0.583; 95% confidence interval, 0.370-0.919; P = .020), and 12 hours (odds ratio, 0.509; 95% confidence interval, 0.303-0.854; P = .011) after ROSC were independently associated with poor neurological outcomes. The lower FFA levels at 6 hours and 12 hours after ROSC were associated with poor neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA. FFA may reflect oxidative metabolism as well as oxidative stress.

Asunto(s)

Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados , Paro Cardíaco Extrahospitalario , Humanos , Paro Cardíaco Extrahospitalario/sangre , Masculino , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Retorno de la Circulación Espontánea

RESUMEN

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus was detected in the South American sea lions found dead in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in October 2023. Whole genome sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis were conducted to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potentials of the H5N1 viruses. The H5N1 viruses belonged to the genotype B3.2 of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus, which was identified in North America and disseminated to South America. They have acquired new amino acid substitutions related to mammalian host affinity. Our study provides insights into the genetic landscape of HPAI H5N1 viruses in Brazil, highlighting the continuous evolutionary processes contributing to their possible adaptation to mammalian hosts.

Asunto(s)

Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Filogenia , Leones Marinos , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Animales , Leones Marinos/virología , Brasil , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Orthomyxoviridae/virología , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Variación Genética

RESUMEN

The analysis of histopathology images with artificial intelligence aims to enable clinical decision support systems and precision medicine. The success of such applications depends on the ability to model the diverse patterns observed in pathology images. To this end, we present Virchow, the largest foundation model for computational pathology to date. In addition to the evaluation of biomarker prediction and cell identification, we demonstrate that a large foundation model enables pan-cancer detection, achieving 0.95 specimen-level area under the (receiver operating characteristic) curve across nine common and seven rare cancers. Furthermore, we show that with less training data, the pan-cancer detector built on Virchow can achieve similar performance to tissue-specific clinical-grade models in production and outperform them on some rare variants of cancer. Virchow's performance gains highlight the value of a foundation model and open possibilities for many high-impact applications with limited amounts of labeled training data.

RESUMEN

The most widely used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), causes stunted growth in children when used excessively or for long periods of time; however, there are still plenty of pediatric patients require long-term treatment with DEX. As an alternative, growth hormone is used in combination, but it has side effects, a high cost, and psychological factors, and it is not satisfactory in terms of effectiveness. It is necessary to develop a safe and affordable treatment that can replace it. The Korean Food and Drug Administration approved HT042, a standardized functional food ingredient, with the claim that it can help height growth of children. In this study, it was found that HT042 activated the Indian hedgehog/parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling pathway and enhanced the number of growth hormone receptors and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors on the growth plate surface, which were reduced by DEX treatment, and restored growth retardation. In metatarsal bone and primary chondrocyte models, it was found that HT042 can promote the length of growth plate and recover DEX-induced growth retardation. It was also found that HT042 promotes cell proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays; moreover, we verified increased expression of GHR/IGF-1R and Ihh/PTHrP pathway activity using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and siRNA analyses to verify its direct action on the growth plate. The anti-apoptotic effect of HT042 was identified by regulating the expression of apoptotic factors such as caspase-3, Bcl2, Bclx, and Bax. These results were identified using both ex vivo and in vitro models. Our study verified that co-administration of HT042 could recover the DEX induced growth retardation.

Asunto(s)

Proliferación Celular , Dexametasona , Placa de Crecimiento , Huesos Metatarsianos , Extractos Vegetales , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Dexametasona/farmacología , Huesos Metatarsianos/efectos de los fármacos , Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Masculino , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Proteína Relacionada con la Hormona Paratiroidea/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Somatotropina/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatotropina/genética , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/metabolismo , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/inducido químicamente

RESUMEN

Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) can be associated with disease severity. However, studies on RDW for the prognosis of elderly patients with non-traumatic coma (NTC) are lacking. This study aims to examine the relationship between RDW and outcomes in elderly patients with NTC. This observational cohort study included elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with NTC between January 2022 and December 2022. We measured RDW upon patient arrival at the emergency department (ED). We conducted a multivariable analysis using logistic regression of relevant covariates to predict in-hospital mortality. Survival curves based on 30-day mortality were designed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcome was 30-day mortality. A total of 689 patients were included in the study, and in-hospital mortality was 29.6% (n = 204). Our results found that the RDWs of non-survivors were significantly greater than those of survivors (14.6% vs 13.6%). Multivariable analysis showed that RDWs at ED arrival were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.126; 95% confidence interval, 1.047-1.212; P < .001). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that the survival probability of patients with a low RDW was greater than those with a high RDW. Having a high RDW at ED arrival was associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with NTC.

Asunto(s)

Coma , Índices de Eritrocitos , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Masculino , Coma/mortalidad , Coma/sangre , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pronóstico , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios de Cohortes

RESUMEN

Current chemical treatments for cerebrovascular disease and neurological disorders have limited efficacy in tissue repair and functional restoration. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present a promising avenue in regenerative medicine for addressing neurological conditions. iPSCs, which are capable of reprogramming adult cells to regain pluripotency, offer the potential for patient-specific, personalized therapies. The modulation of molecular mechanisms through specific growth factor inhibition and signaling pathways can direct iPSCs' differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs). These include employing bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß), and Sma-and Mad-related protein (SMAD) signaling. iPSC-derived NSCs can subsequently differentiate into various neuron types, each performing distinct functions. Cell transplantation underscores the potential of iPSC-derived NSCs to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and points to future research directions for optimizing differentiation protocols and enhancing clinical applications.

RESUMEN

Malaria is a global disease affecting a large portion of the world's population. Although vaccines have recently become available, their efficacies are suboptimal. We generated virus-like particles (VLPs) that expressed either apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) or microneme-associated antigen (MIC) of Plasmodium berghei and compared their efficacy in BALB/c mice. We found that immune sera acquired from AMA1 VLP- or MIC VLP-immunized mice specifically interacted with the antigen of choice and the whole P. berghei lysate antigen, indicating that the antibodies were highly parasite-specific. Both VLP vaccines significantly enhanced germinal center B cell frequencies in the inguinal lymph nodes of mice compared with the control, but only the mice that received MIC VLPs showed significantly enhanced CD4+ T cell responses in the blood following P. berghei challenge infection. AMA1 and MIC VLPs significantly suppressed TNF-α and interleukin-10 production but had a negligible effect on interferon-γ. Both VLPs prevented excessive parasitemia buildup in immunized mice, although parasite burden reduction induced by MIC VLPs was slightly more effective than that induced by AMA1. Both VLPs were equally effective at preventing body weight loss. Our findings demonstrated that the MIC VLP was an effective inducer of protection against murine experimental malaria and should be the focus of further development.

Asunto(s)

Antígenos de Protozoos , Vacunas contra la Malaria , Proteínas de la Membrana , Plasmodium berghei , Proteínas Protozoarias , Vacunas de Partículas Similares a Virus , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Malaria/prevención & control , Malaria/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Malaria/inmunología , Vacunas contra la Malaria/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de la Membrana/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Parasitemia/inmunología , Parasitemia/prevención & control , Plasmodium berghei/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Vacunas de Partículas Similares a Virus/inmunología , Vacunas de Partículas Similares a Virus/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The whole genome sequence of a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H6N2) was sequenced from a Brazilian teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis) in Brazil, 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome revealed a distinct genome pertaining to South American LPAIV from 2014 to 2016, indicating extensive circulation among South American wild birds.

RESUMEN

Gradient-descent-based optimizers are prone to slowdowns in training deep learning models, as stationary points are ubiquitous in the loss landscape of most neural networks. We present an intuitive concept of bypassing the stationary points and realize the concept into a novel method designed to actively rescue optimizers from slowdowns encountered in neural network training. The method, bypass pipeline, revitalizes the optimizer by extending the model space and later contracts the model back to its original space with function-preserving algebraic constraints. We implement the method into the bypass algorithm, verify that the algorithm shows theoretically expected behaviors of bypassing, and demonstrate its empirical benefit in regression and classification benchmarks. Bypass algorithm is highly practical, as it is computationally efficient and compatible with other improvements of first-order optimizers. In addition, bypassing for neural networks leads to new theoretical research such as model-specific bypassing and neural architecture search (NAS).

RESUMEN

We isolated novel reassortant avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses containing genes from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus and low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in carcasses of whooper swans and bean geese in South Korea during December 2023. Neuraminidase gene was from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6 virus infecting poultry and humans in China.

Asunto(s)

Animales Salvajes , Aves , Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Filogenia , Animales , Gripe Aviar/virología , Gripe Aviar/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Animales Salvajes/virología , Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Virus de la Influenza A/clasificación , Aves/virología , Virus Reordenados/genética , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Neuraminidasa/genética

RESUMEN

We isolated a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from a common pochard (Aythya ferina) that was being attacked by a bird of prey in South Korea in December 2020. Genetic analyses indicated that the isolate was closely related to the clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI viruses found in South Korea and Japan during the winter season of 2020-2021. The histopathological examination revealed multifocal necrotizing inflammation in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Viral antigens were detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, trachea, intestine, and pancreas, indicating the HPAI virus caused a systemic infection. The presence of immunoreactivity for the viral antigen was observed in the cells involved in multifocal necrotic inflammation. Notably, epitheliotropic-positive patterns were identified in the epithelial cells of the trachea, mucosal epithelium of the intestine, and ductular epithelium of the pancreas. These findings provide direct evidence supporting the possibility of HPAI transmission from infected waterfowl to predators.

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Detectado en el acto: Aislamiento y caracterización de un virus de la influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad del clado 2.3.4.4b H5N8 de un porrón común (Aythya ferina) atacado por un halcón peregrino (Falco peregrinus). Se aisló un virus de la influenza aviar (HPAI) de alta patogenicidad de un porrón común (Aythya ferina) que estaba siendo atacado por un ave rapaz en Corea del Sur en diciembre de 2020. Los análisis genéticos indicaron que el aislado estaba estrechamente relacionado con virus de influenza aviar de alta patogenicidad H5N8, clado 2.3.4.4 b encontrados en Corea del Sur y Japón durante la temporada de invierno de 2020­2021. El examen histopatológico reveló inflamación necrotizante multifocal en hígado, riñón y bazo. Se detectaron antígenos virales en el hígado, el riñón, el bazo, la tráquea, el intestino y el páncreas, lo que indica que este virus de alta patogenicidad causó una infección sistémica. Se observó la presencia de inmunorreactividad para el antígeno viral en las células involucradas en la inflamación necrótica multifocal. En particular, se identificaron patrones epiteliotrópicos positivos en las células epiteliales de la tráquea, el epitelio mucoso del intestino y el epitelio ductular del páncreas. Estos hallazgos proporcionan evidencia directa que respalda la posibilidad de transmisión de HPAI de aves acuáticas infectadas a especies depredadoras.

Asunto(s)

Falconiformes , Subtipo H5N8 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Animales , Gripe Aviar/virología , Subtipo H5N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/patogenicidad , Subtipo H5N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Subtipo H5N8 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Falconiformes/virología , República de Corea , Filogenia , Galliformes