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BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common chronic sleep-related breathing disorder. Drug therapy is a recent approach to treating OSA, and no data is available regarding its effects on a couple's life. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact on couples' lives of a novel drug treatment for OSA. METHODS: Participants of a trial on new drug therapy (reboxetine plus oxybutynin) for OSA were interviewed. The study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach by Sundler et al. Results: Ten patients and six of their partners were recruited through a purposive sampling between February and April 2021. The results indicate that drug treatment of OSA had a favourable impact on the couples' lives. Pharmacotherapy improved self-reported sleep quality, as the absence of CPAP allows people to sleep closer to the bed partner and because the patient does not have to sleep in a forced position. Moreover, the couples developed teamwork from the beginning which appeared to be crucial during the trial, especially when some difficulties and adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the presence of a positive closed loop that could be considered a predictor of adherence to drug therapy.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Procedural pain during Peripheral Venous Catheterization (PVC) is a significant issue for patients. Reducing procedure-induced pain improves the quality of care and reduces patient discomfort. We aimed to compare a non-pharmacological technique (distraction) to anaesthetic cream (EMLA) for the reduction of procedural pain during PVC, in patients undergoing Computerized Tomography (CT) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) with contrast. METHODS: This is a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. The study was carried out during the month of October 2015. A total of 72 patients undergoing PVC were randomly assigned to the experimental group (distraction technique, n=36) or control group (EMLA, n=36). After PVC, pain was evaluated by means of the numeric pain-rating scale (NRS). Pain perception was compared by means of Mann-Whitney Test. RESULTS: The average pain in the distraction group was 0.69 (SD±1.26), with a median value of 0. The average pain in the EMLA group was 1.86 (SD±1.73), with a median value of 2. The study showed a significant improvement from the distraction technique (U=347, p<.001, r=.42) with respect to the local anaesthetic in reducing pain perception. Conclusions/Implication for practice: Distraction is more effective than local anaesthetic in reducing of pain-perception during PVC insertion. This study is one of few comparing the distraction technique to an anaesthetic. It confirms that the practitioner-patient relationship is an important point in nursing assistance, allowing the establishment of trust with the patient and increasing compliance during the treatment process.

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OBJECTIVE: analyse students, clinical nurse preceptors and academic tutors' perception and experience further to the implementation of a Dedicated Education Unit (DEU) in a pulmonary medicine ward. METHOD: The study follows a qualitative descriptive method. Data have been collected through focus groups (FGs). We have organized four different FGs, a specific focus group for each stakeholder (students, nurses and tutors) and a closing one with everybody. Each FG followed a qualitative content analysis method. Students had to fill in the CLES+T questionnaire to confirm qualitative data. RESULTS: Participants: 6 tutors, 7 nurses and 10 students (i.e. 6 first-year, 2 second-year and 2 third-year students). The experience has been positive. We have found four different themes, both cross-sectional and specific, in relation to positive aspects. 1. Briefing and debriefing as discussion and learning opportunities (cross-sectional); 2. Peer education potentialities (cross-sectional); 3. Global and holistic care (students); 4. Academic tutors as ward resources (cross-sectional). In relation to critical aspects, instead, we have highlighted a macro-theme, which refers to "Organizational peculiarities" and is composed of three subthemes: 1. Workload (tutors and nurses); 2. Inhomogeneity in nurses and tutors' behaviour/attitude (cross-sectional); 3. Lack of a personal relationship between students and training assistants (students). All the ameliorative proposals are related to organizational peculiarities. CONCLUSION: This study reports the first Italian experimentation of the DEU training organization model. The experience has been very positive: it has not only promoted a moment's reflection but also provided the opportunity for both the Clinical and the Academic setting to discuss and collaborate to reach the common goal, i.e. best student learning.

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AIM: The aim of this study was investigating, analysing and evaluating which aspects of the clinical training would be most useful to newly degreed nurses in carrying out their work activities post-graduation, based on their experience. METHODS:  This is a phenomenological qualitative study, with semi-structured, face-to-face, in depth interviews. We used purposive sample. Recruiting of interviewees stopped at achievement of data saturation. Interviews were all audio recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed in double blind, in order to identify the main themes that emerged. The Van Kaam method was used to analyse interview content. RESULTS: Fourteen nurses, just graduated from Milan University, were involved in the study. Five themes emerged: the relation between theory-practice and the development of clinical thinking, the "time factor" in clinical training duration, the clinical nurse teacher as a professional model, the first days as a nurse: beautiful, traumatic and with loads of responsibility, and finally improvement strategies for a continuously evolving profession. CONCLUSION: Clinical training is confirmed as a key moment in the link of theory with practice and to infuse the newly qualified professional with the necessary autonomy, self-confidence and practical knowledge. Novice nurses highlighted many positive aspects of their training obtained by means of the clinical training experience, but also that they need time in order to develop confidence and learn to handle responsibility; in this respect, the clinical nurse teacher is seen as a fundamental figure.

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