RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor in the immunoglobulin superfamily. RAGE is localized throughout ascending sensory pathways (skin, peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglion, spinal cord), and in cell types interacting with sensory neurons (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes and macrophages). Neuronal RAGE expression increases in pathological pain states in humans and rodents, and soluble RAGE attenuates thermal hypoalgesia in diabetic mice. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological modulation of RAGE could attenuate mechanical allodynia in rodent pain models. METHODS: We developed an anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody (11E6) that binds to the C2 immunoglobulin domain of human RAGE, binds to mouse RAGE, and presumably to the same domain in mouse RAGE. The antinociceptive activity of 11E6 was investigated in mouse models of inflammatory (complete Freund's adjuvant) and neuropathic (chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve) pain. Mice were dosed intraperitoneally with 11E6 or IgG (negative control). RESULTS: Increased mechanical thresholds were observed following a single dose of 11E6 in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Similar treatment with IgG did not alter nociceptive sensitivity. Repeated dosing with 11E6 significantly attenuated established mechanical hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model in a dose-related fashion. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that specific modulation of RAGE effectively attenuates nociceptive sensitivity associated with chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain states.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Neuralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Adyuvante de Freund , Ganglios Espinales/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neuralgia/etiología , Neuronas Aferentes/metabolismo , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/inmunología , Nervio Ciático/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIMS: To correlate microbial community composition and water quality changes within wetland cells containing varying plant densities and composition in a free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. METHODS AND RESULTS: Water chemistry was monitored weekly for nitrate, orthophosphate, and suspended solids, at various sites throughout the wetland for 6 months. Treatment ponds with 50% plant cover had about a 96.3% nitrate removal. The average change between the influent and effluent was 50-60% nitrate removal and 40-50% orthophosphate removal. Community profile of total DNA, generated by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), was used to determine the major microbial composition associated with the wetland sediment, rhizosphere, and surface water. Bacterial cloned libraries were constructed, and 300 clones were analysed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 35, 31, and 36 different OTU were obtained from sediment, rhizosphere, and surface water, respectively. The bacterial members within the dominant group of our clone library belonged to unclassified taxa, while the second predominant group consisted of members of the phylum Proteobacteria. The dominant organisms within the class were in the gamma, beta, and delta classes. CONCLUSION: Microbial diversity as determined by Shannon-Weaver index (H) was higher in the wetland cells with 50% plant density than the 100%. This was in agreement with the most efficient wetland contaminant removal units. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study provides evidence that wetlands with 50% plant cover may promote the growth of diverse microbial communities that facilitate decomposition of chemical pollutants in surface water, and improve water quality.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Nitratos/análisis , Microbiología del Agua , Humedales , California , Nitratos/químicaRESUMEN
In a multicentre, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 50 dogs were treated for 28 days with either phenylpropanolamine or a placebo control. Each was given at a dose of one drop per 2 kg orally three times daily, equivalent to 1 mg/kg three times daily of phenylpropanolamine. Dogs that presented with clinical signs consistent with urinary sphincter mechanism incontinence were included in the study. They were examined on three occasions by the investigating veterinary surgeon. The frequency and volume of unconscious urination were scored by veterinary surgeons according to a pre-established scoring system. Phenylpropanolamine proved to be more effective than the placebo in regard to several parameters. At day 28, 85.7 per cent of phenylpropanolamine-treated cases had no episodes of unconscious urination compared with 33.3 per cent of placebo-treated cases. This was statistically significant. Few, mild side effects were seen in either group.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenilpropanolamina/uso terapéutico , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/veterinaria , Administración Oral , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Femenino , Fenilpropanolamina/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Uretra/fisiopatología , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/tratamiento farmacológico , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
The ground state rotational bands of the N = Z nuclei (72)Kr, (76)Sr, and (80)Zr have been extended into the angular momentum region where rotation alignment of particles is normally expected. By measuring the moments of inertia of these bands we have observed a consistent increase in the rotational frequency required to start pair breaking, when compared to neighboring nuclei. (72)Kr shows the most marked effect. It has been widely suggested that these "delayed alignments" arise from np-pairing correlations. However, alignment frequencies are very sensitive to shape degrees of freedom and normal pairing, so the new experimental observations are still open to interpretation.
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Salud Holística , Valores Sociales , Espiritualismo , Actitud , Canadá , Catolicismo , Economía , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Sistemas Políticos , Religión y Psicología , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
Pseudomonas putida 54g grew on mineral salts with toluene and exhibited catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) activity, indicating a meta pathway. After 10 to 15 days on toluene, nondegrading (Tol-) variants approached nearly 10% of total CFU. Auxotrophs were not detected among variants, suggesting selective loss of catabolic function(s). Variant formation was substrate dependent, since Tol- cells were observed on neither ethylbenzene, glucose, nor peptone-based media nor when toluene catabolism was suppressed by glucose. Unlike wild-type cells, variants did not grow on gasoline, toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, benzoate, or catechol, suggesting loss of meta pathway function. Catabolic and C23O activities were restored to variants via transfer of a 78-mDa TOL-like plasmid from a wild-type Tol+ donor. Tests for reversion of variants to Tol+ were uniformly negative, suggesting possible delection or excision of catabolic genes. Deletions were confirmed in some variants by failure to hybridize with a DNA probe specific for the xylE gene encoding C23O. Cells grown on benzoate remained Tol+ but were C23O- and contained a plasmid of reduced size or were plasmid free, suggesting an alternate chromosomal catabolic pathway, also defective in variants. Cells exposed to benzyl alcohol, the initial oxidation product of toluene, accumulated > 13% variants in 5 days, even when cell division was repressed by nitrogen deprivation to abrogate selection processes. No variants formed in identical ethylbenzene-exposed controls. The results suggest that benzyl alcohol mediates irreversible defects in both a plasmid-associated meta pathway and an alternate chromosomal pathway.
Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasas , Mutagénesis , Pseudomonas putida/genética , Tolueno/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Derivados del Benceno/farmacología , Benzoatos/farmacología , Alcohol Bencilo , Alcoholes Bencílicos/farmacología , Biodegradación Ambiental , Catecol 2,3-Dioxigenasa , División Celular , Variación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxigenasas/genética , Oxigenasas/metabolismo , Pseudomonas putida/enzimología , Pseudomonas putida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pseudomonas putida/metabolismo , Selección Genética , Eliminación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
Injury prohibiting continued athletic participation has been hypothesized to have a predictable emotional impact on athletes (Rotella & Heyman, 1986). However, the psychological impact of injury has not been well documented. This study examined the psychological reactions to injury among 343 male collegiate athletes participating in 10 sports. All athletes were assessed using measures of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem during preseason physical examinations. Injured athletes along with matched controls were later assessed within one week of experiencing an athletic injury and 2 months later. A 4 x 3 (Injury Status x Time of Testing) repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (DM MANOVA) revealed that injured athletes exhibited greater depression and anxiety and lower self-esteem than controls immediately following physical injury and at follow-up 2 months later. These findings supported the general observation that physically injured athletes experience a period of emotional distress that in some cases may be severe enough to warrant clinical intervention.
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Traumatismos en Atletas/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/psicología , Emociones , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/psicología , Análisis Multivariante , Inventario de Personalidad , Autoimagen , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
Vocal fold nodules are a common cause of dysphonia generally attributed to vocal abuse. Anterior commissure microwebs have been reported as an incidental finding in surgical patients with nodules. In a series of 105 nodule patients evaluated at the University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center voice laboratory (1987-1992), 11 microwebs were identified. Ten of these microweb patients were among the 20 nodule patients who did not respond to voice therapy and underwent microsurgery. In patients with nodules whose hoarseness is refractory to voice therapy, symptoms that occur early in life suggest the presence of occult vocal fold pathology. Microweb detection requires a high index of suspicion, observation during maximal vocal fold abduction, and clearance of secretions from the anterior commissure. Definitive identification is facilitated by gentle separation of the anterior vocal folds during direct microlaryngoscopy. The presence of these tiny shelves of tissue might be coincidental, or they might represent another expression of the tissue response to traumatic factors known to produce vocal nodules. We found little difference in vocal function parameters between two similar groups of nodule patients, one with and one without associated microwebs. Further work is needed to determine the significance of microwebs.
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Pliegues Vocales/patología , Trastornos de la Voz/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Ronquera/diagnóstico , Ronquera/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Enfermedades de la Laringe/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Laringe/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Laringe/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Laringe/cirugía , Laringoscopía , Luz , Masculino , Microcirugia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Grabación de Cinta de Video , Pliegues Vocales/fisiopatología , Pliegues Vocales/cirugía , Trastornos de la Voz/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Voz/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Voz/cirugía , Entrenamiento de la VozRESUMEN
We have studied the natural history of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and the part that irradiation plays in the management of this devastating and fatal disease. The radioresponsiveness of the two most common malignancies associated with AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and malignant lymphoma (ML), has been demonstrated. We have documented satisfactory time-dose relationships for the management of multiple manifestations of KS, including cutaneous and deep subcutaneous extremity involvement, visceral lesions, and AIDS-associated lymphadenopathy. A similar time-dose construct has been documented for ML, involving the brain and both central and peripheral lymph nodes. Irradiation can provide good to excellent palliation with only minimal side effects, and will produce a lesser impact on the hematological and immunological systems than chemotherapy. Therefore, we advocate the liberal employment of palliative radiation therapy in patients with AIDS.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/radioterapia , Linfoma/radioterapia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/radioterapia , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Homosexualidad , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Neoplasias Cutáneas/radioterapia , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
We have assessed the analytical and clinical performance of five thyroid-function tests by commercially available radioimmunoassays in which antibodies attached to paramagnetic micro-particles are used (Corning MAGIC assays). We evaluated the methods for measuring thyroxin, triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine uptake, thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and free thyroxin. Precision, patients' results, and clinical correlation of the MAGIC assays were similar to those of the well-established RIAs used as the comparative methods in this study; the MAGIC assays, however, are much faster and easier to perform.
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Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides/métodos , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertiroidismo/sangre , Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Magnetismo , Microesferas , Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Radioinmunoensayo/métodos , Valores de Referencia , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangreRESUMEN
Los objetivos del programa maternoinfantil se cumplen a través de acciones sanitario asistenciales, que en lo fundamental se concreta a un examen médico periódico y completo de la ejmbarazada, parto institucional, crecimiento normal del niño, proporcionando inmunizaciones, necesarias, visitas domiciliarias y educación a madres y grupos familiares, así como el programa de saneamiento ambiental. Aquíi se analiza el cumplimiento de estas actividades en seis Centros de Caracas