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1.
PLOS Digit Health ; 3(9): e0000597, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39264934

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Situated within a larger project entitled "Exploring the Need for a Uniquely Different Approach in Northern Ontario: A Study of Socially Accountable Artificial Intelligence," this rapid review provides a broad look into how social accountability as an equity-oriented health policy strategy is guiding artificial intelligence (AI) across the Canadian health care landscape, particularly for marginalized regions and populations. This review synthesizes existing literature to answer the question: How is AI present and impacted by social accountability across the health care landscape in Canada? METHODOLOGY: A multidisciplinary expert panel with experience in diverse health care roles and computer sciences was assembled from multiple institutions in Northern Ontario to guide the study design and research team. A search strategy was developed that broadly reflected the concepts of social accountability, AI and health care in Canada. EMBASE and Medline databases were searched for articles, which were reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers. Search results, a description of the studies, and a thematic analysis of the included studies were reported as the primary outcome. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The search strategy yielded 679 articles of which 36 relevant studies were included. There were no studies identified that were guided by a comprehensive, equity-oriented social accountability strategy. Three major themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) designing equity into AI; (2) policies and regulations for AI; and (3) the inclusion of community voices in the implementation of AI in health care. Across the 3 main themes, equity, marginalized populations, and the need for community and partner engagement were frequently referenced, which are key concepts of a social accountability strategy. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that unless there is a course correction, AI in the Canadian health care landscape will worsen the digital divide and health inequity. Social accountability as an equity-oriented strategy for AI could catalyze many of the changes required to prevent a worsening of the digital divide caused by the AI revolution in health care in Canada and should raise concerns for other global contexts.

2.
BMC Med Educ ; 23(1): 456, 2023 Jun 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37340413

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, emerged in December 2019. Shortly after, vaccines against the virus were distributed in Canada for public use, but the remoteness of many northern Indigenous communities in Ontario posed a challenge for vaccine distribution and dissemination. The Ministry of Health partnered with the Northern Ontario School of Medicine University (NOSMU) and the air ambulance service, Ornge, to assist in delivering the vaccination doses to 31 fly-in communities in the Nishnawbe Aski Nation and Moosonee, all within Ontario. These deployments were considered "service-learning electives" for Undergraduate and Postgraduate medical learners from NOSMU who joined the operation in two-week deployments. NOSMU is renowned for its social accountability mandate and gives its medical learners opportunities to participate in service-learning to enhance their medical skills and cultural sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social accountability and medical learners' experiences during a service-learning elective in northern Indigenous communities in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data were collected through a planned post-placement activity completed by eighteen Undergraduate and Postgraduate medical learners, who participated in the vaccine deployment. The activity consisted of a 500-word reflective response passage. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze, and report the themes within the collected data. RESULTS: Two themes were identified by the authors, which formed a concise overview of the collected data: (1) confronting the realities of working in Indigenous communities; and (2) service-learning as a path to social accountability. CONCLUSIONS: These vaccine deployments were an opportunity for medical learners to engage in service-learning and engage with Indigenous communities in Northern Ontario. Service-learning is an exceptional method which provides an opportunity to expand knowledge on the social determinants of health, social justice, and social accountability. The medical learners in this study reiterated the idea that learning medicine through a service-learning model leads to a greater depth of knowledge on Indigenous health and culture, and enhances medical knowledge compared to classroom learning.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Educación de Pregrado en Medicina , Humanos , Pandemias/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Ontario , Aprendizaje
3.
Glob Health Promot ; 26(3_suppl): 54-63, 2019 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30964405

RESUMEN

While land is a nexus for culture, identity, governance, and health, as a concept land is rarely addressed in conversations and policy decisions about Indigenous health and well-being. Indigenous food sovereignty, a concept which embodies Indigenous peoples' ability to control their food systems, including markets, production modes, cultures and environments, has received little attention as a framework to approach Indigenous health especially for Indigenous people living in urban spaces. Instead, discussions about Indigenous food sovereignty have largely focused on global and remote and rural communities. Addressing this gap in the literature, this article presents exploratory work conducted with Waasegiizhig Nanaandawe'iyewigamig and Shkagamik-Kwe Health Centre, two Indigenous-led Aboriginal Health Access Centres in urban service centers located in Northern Ontario, Canada.


Asunto(s)
Características Culturales , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Pueblos Indígenas , Población Urbana , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Ontario , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud
4.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can ; 37(10): 333-341, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés, Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29043760

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: This paper looks at the market food environments of First Nations communities located in the provincial Norths by examining the potential retail competition faced by the North West Company (NWC) and by reporting on the grocery shopping experiences of people living in northern Canada. METHODS: We employed two methodological approaches to assess northern retail food environments. First, we mapped food retailers in the North to examine the breadth of retail competition in the provincial Norths, focussing specifically on those communities without year-round road access. Second, we surveyed people living in communities in northern Canada about their retail and shopping experiences. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent of communities in the provincial Norths and Far North without year-round road access did not have a grocery store that competed with the NWC. The provinces with the highest percentage of northern communities without retail competition were Ontario (87%), Saskatchewan (83%) and Manitoba (72%). Respondents to the survey (n = 92) expressed concern about their shopping experiences in three main areas: the cost of food, food quality and freshness, and availability of specific foods. CONCLUSION: There is limited retail competition in the provincial Norths. In Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Ontario, the NWC has no store competition in at least 70% of northern communities. Consumers living in northern Canada find it difficult to afford nutritious foods and would like access to a wider selection of perishable foods in good condition.


INTRODUCTION: Cet article porte sur l'environnement de la vente d'aliments dans les collectivités des Premières nations du nord des provinces, en particulier sur la concurrence éventuelle dans la vente au détail de la North West Company (NWC) ainsi que sur les expériences d'achats alimentaires de la population vivant dans le Nord canadien. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Nous avons utilisé deux méthodologies pour évaluer l'environnement alimentaire de la vente au détail dans le Nord. D'abord, nous avons cartographié les détaillants en alimentation du Nord afin d'examiner le degré de concurrence au détail dans les régions nordiques, en prêtant une attention particulière aux collectivités qui ne sont pas accessibles à l'année par la route. Ensuite, nous avons enquêté auprès des personnes vivant dans les collectivités du Nord canadien à propos de leurs expériences d'achat au détail et de magasinage. RÉSULTATS: Cinquante-quatre pour cent des collectivités du nord des provinces et du Grand Nord n'avaient aucune épicerie en concurrence avec la NWC. Les provinces comptant les plus fortes proportions de collectivités nordiques sans concurrence dans la vente au détail étaient l'Ontario (87 %), la Saskatchewan (83 %) et le Manitoba (72 %). Les participants au sondage (n = 92) ont fait état de leurs préoccupations quant à leurs expériences d'achat dans trois grands secteurs : le coût des aliments, la qualité et la fraîcheur des aliments et la disponibilité de certains aliments. CONCLUSION: La concurrence dans la vente au détail est limitée dans le nord des provinces. Au Manitoba, en Saskatchewan et en Ontario, la NWC ne fait face à aucune concurrence dans au moins 70 % des collectivités nordiques. Les consommateurs du Nord canadien considèrent que les aliments nutritifs sont peu abordables, et ils souhaitent avoir accès à un plus grand choix d'aliments périssables en bon état.


Asunto(s)
Industria de Alimentos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Alimentos/economía , Canadá , Competencia Económica , Industria de Alimentos/métodos , Industria de Alimentos/organización & administración , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/métodos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/normas , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Manitoba , Mercadotecnía , Ontario , Saskatchewan
5.
Can J Public Health ; 107(Suppl 1): 5324, 2016 06 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27281518

RESUMEN

Effective tools for retail food environments in northern and remote communities are lacking. This paper examines the challenges of conducting food environment assessments in northern and remote communities in Canada encountered during our experience with a food costing project. One of the goals of the Paying for Nutrition in the North project is to develop guidelines to improve current food costing tools for northern Canada. Paying for Nutrition illustrates the complex context of measuring food environments in northern and remote communities. Through the development of a food costing methodology guide to assess northern food environments, several contextual issues emerged, including retail store oligopolies in communities; the importance of assessing food quality; informal social food economies; and the challenge of costing the acquisition and consumption of land- and water-based foods. Food environment measures designed for northern and remote communities need to reflect the geographic context in which they are being employed and must include input from local residents.


Asunto(s)
Comercio/estadística & datos numéricos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Alimentos/economía , Indígenas Norteamericanos , Población Rural , Canadá , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Humanos
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