RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) during pregnancy could confer a high risk for maternal and infant morbidity. Literature indicates that the global burden of active TB disease among pregnant women is not well researched. Statistics for South Africa from WHO give an estimated incidence of 360, 000 cases of TB in 2019; 14,000 people became ill with multidrug-resistant TB in 2019, with a rate of 615 per 100,000 population, implying that the cohorts included pregnant women with and without a diagnosis of TB infection. Therefore, the study aims to increase the understanding of the educational needs required to prevent TB complications during pregnancy and the neonatal period in women diagnosed with TB infection. METHODS: The study used cross-sectional qualitative and descriptive designs to collect data in the clinical setting of the primary health care services of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The population comprised pregnant women diagnosed with TB infection. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to sample 2 health centers and 5 clinics in each of the three sampled districts. The targeted sample size was 63 and it was achieved even though data saturation was observed. Individual interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed. Guided by the study questions, a thematic content analysis of the findings was used. Ethical considerations were also observed. RESULTS: Despite that pregnant women have general knowledge about TB disease, the knowledge and awareness regarding the prevention of TB complications in pregnancy and the neonatal period, information on TB/HIV and COVID-19 co-infections, and participants' knowledge about other non-infectious diseases that may affect the mother with TB infection and foetus showed a deficit. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with TB disease need to be educated on the negative effects of non-adherence to TB treatment during pregnancy and the neonatal period. There is a need to educate pregnant women about the variant signs and symptoms of TB, HIV and COVID-19 infections since there is a misconception that the three diseases are similar. It is important that pregnant mothers diagnosed with TB should start treatment as soon as possible.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Infecciones por VIH , Tuberculosis Latente , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Tuberculosis , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Embarazo , Humanos , Mujeres Embarazadas , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , MadresRESUMEN
Despite the fact that condoms are very effective against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission (HIV); many people who are at risk do not use them. Latex condoms provide an essentially impermeable barrier to particles the size of HIV and other STI pathogens. The primary aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of youth on the use of condoms for HIV prevention in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province; South Africa. A qualitative; exploratory and descriptive design was used. The population included all youth from the ages of 15 to 19 years who attended two primary health care clinics in the Capricorn District. A non-probability purposive sampling method was used. Purposive sampling was used to include participants to participate in the study. Data were collected through unstructured interviews from 15 participants. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached; after which the data obtained were analysed qualitatively by open-coding method. Findings revealed four themes; namely; paradoxical attitudes towards consistent condom use related to fear of sexual intercourse and a need to prevent HIV transmission; casual usage of condoms perceived as having positive and negative results; responsibilities of youth to insist on condom use during sexual intercourse; and programme available to help youth with consistent use of condoms. Health education themes that should be included in the programme for educating the youth on the use of condoms for HIV prevention were recommended
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Educación en Salud , Percepción , SudáfricaRESUMEN
Societies are reluctant to openly confront issues of sexuality, and this reluctance forms a barrier of communication between parents and teenagers and even between sexual partners (Wulf, 2004:2). This reluctance promotes the presence of misconceptions about sexual health, sexual risks and its consequences. Poor dialogue about sexual health between parents and teenagers is one of the contributory factors of high teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates including HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how dialogue about sexual health between teenagers and parents is conducted and to use the information gathered as a basis for making recommendations for improvement. A qualitative study of an explorative, descriptive and contextual nature was used. The researcher used the main question as a point of departure and more questions emanated from the discussions. There were 42 informants involved in the study, of which 4 were males and 38 were females. A purposive sampling method was used to collect data through in depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. The researcher strived to adhere to the principle of trustworthiness by adopting Guba's model (in Krefting, 1991: 217). Tech's method (Creswell, 1994:154-55) was used to analyse the data and an independent coder was used. The results indicate that there is minimal if not absent dialogue about sexual health between teenagers and parents. Culture was identified as a major challenge to sexual health dialogue between teenagers and parents. Recommendations to enhance dialogue were made.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Infecciones por VIH , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Psicología del Adolescente , Educación Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/etnología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Asunción de Riesgos , Sudáfrica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The purpose of this research study was to identify the cultural health practices of the Vatsonga in relation to the home care of children with measles. It was undertaken in the Giyani District of the Limpopo Province, in the Republic of South Africa. The qualitative, explorative and contextual design was used to conduct this project. Data was collected from nine key informants and nineteen general informants. Data was collected using individual interviews with key-informants and focus group interviews with general informants. Observations were also made. The findings revealed that the Vatsonga still provide home care for children with measles. Those who care for the sick children are women--either the mother of the sick child or an elderly woman with knowledge of the disease. There are different cultural practices that the Vatsonga observe when there is a child suffering from measles. These include isolation of the child, restriction of sexual intercourse, giving of a milk diet to the sick child and performance of a cultural ceremony at the resolution of the disease. Similarities and differences between hospital and home-based care were identified. Recommendations were made using Leininger's three modes of decision making as explained in the Sunrise Model, which include the following: cultural care preservation of maintenance; cultural care accommodation or negotiation; cultural care repatterning or restructuring.