RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The focus of the current study was to identify if a possible association between NLRP3 (rs4612666) and IL-1B (rs1143634) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP) in a Colombian population. DESIGN: One hundred and twenty-four CP subjects and 81 periodontally healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Periodontal status was assessed by criteria based on probing depth, clinical attachment level, extent, and severity of periodontal breakdown. Human genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples of the study subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to identify the NLRP3 (rs4612666) and IL-1B (rs1143634) SNPs. The association of polymorphisms with CP was assessed individually and adjusted for confounding using a multivariate binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis showed a weak association between CT genotype of NLRP3 (rs4612666) SNP and CP, however after logistic regression analysis, neither NLRP3 (rs4612666) nor IL-1B (rs1143634) polymorphisms were strongly/independently associated with disease status. Even so, an interaction effect was significantly detected not only among CT/CC genotypes of NLRP3 gene regarding to the age stratum ≥ 48 years, but also between CC genotype of the same gene and smoking habit. CONCLUSION: Although the present results do not support that IL-1B (rs1143634) SNP could be identified as a risk predictor for CP in the present population, the synergistic interaction of the CT/CC genotypes of NLRP3 (rs4612666) SNP with ageing and/or smoking habit potentially might play a significant role in the pathogenic pathways of periodontal disease.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/genética , Bolsa Periodontal/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is an infrequent echocardiographic finding. The differential diagnosis includes other entities like tumors, abscess or thrombus. Both cardiac CT and cardiac MRI may be useful for its definitive diagnosis.
La calcificación caseosa del anillo mitral es un hallazgo ecocardiográfico poco frecuente. Debe hacerse el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades tales como tumores, abscesos o trombos. Para su diagnóstico definitivo además del ecocardiograma tanto el TC cardiaco como la Cardio RM pueden ser de utilidad.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Calcinosis , Endocarditis Bacteriana , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas , Válvula Mitral , Ecocardiografía , Endocarditis Bacteriana/microbiología , Streptococcus agalactiae , Infecciones EstreptocócicasRESUMEN
Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus is an infrequent echocardiographic finding. The differential diagnosis includes other entities like tumors, abscess or thrombus. Both cardiac CT and cardiac MRI may be useful for its definitive diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Endocarditis Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Mitral/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Ecocardiografía , Endocarditis Bacteriana/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Streptococcus agalactiaeRESUMEN
Left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy is currently considered as a well-defined individual entity. However, it includes a broad spectrum of clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. In this review we describe 3 different scenarios of this entity: an isolated case with severe left ventricle dysfunction, an "associated" case in a patient with previous atrial septum defect and pulmonary stenosis and finally, as a finding in a patient with a transient cerebrovascular ischemic attack. In the 2 last cases, both asymptomatic, morphological criteria of left ventricle non-compaction were found but, ventricular function was normal and cardiac-MRI showed no late gadolinium hyperenhancement. Periodical follow-up and familial screening were recommended. Natural history and prognosis factors of this disease are still not well known. Further and longer series of patients with this diagnosis are needed to completely define radiological criteria, clinical presentation and evolution.
La miocardiopatía no compactada está considerada actualmente como una entidad independiente y bien definida. Sin embargo, presenta un espectro amplio de hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y fisiopatológicos. En la presente revisión describimos 3 escenarios clínicos diferentes de dicha entidad: un caso con disfunción ventricular severa, un caso como entidad «asociada¼ a una cardiopatía congènita en un pacientes con un defecto del septo interauricular previo y estenosis pulmonar, y finalmente, como un hallazgo casual en un paciente con un accidente cerebrovascular transitorio. En estos 2 últimos casos se encontraron criterios morfológicos de miocardiopatía no compactada con función ventricular normal y sin presencia de realce tardío de gadolinio en el estudio de cardio-RM. En todos ellos se recomendó estudio familiar. La historia natural y el pronóstico de esta anatomía patológica no son todavía del todo conocidos. Series mayores y seguimiento más largos son necesarios para definir completamente los criterios radiológicos, la presentación clínica y la evolución de esta fascinante entidad.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Técnicas de Imagen Cardíaca , No Compactación Aislada del Miocardio Ventricular/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy is currently considered as a well-defined individual entity. However, it includes a broad spectrum of clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. In this review we describe 3 different scenarios of this entity: an isolated case with severe left ventricle dysfunction, an "associated" case in a patient with previous atrial septum defect and pulmonary stenosis and finally, as a finding in a patient with a transient cerebrovascular ischemic attack. In the 2 last cases, both asymptomatic, morphological criteria of left ventricle non-compaction were found but, ventricular function was normal and cardiac-MRI showed no late gadolinium hyperenhancement. Periodical follow-up and familial screening were recommended. Natural history and prognosis factors of this disease are still not well known. Further and longer series of patients with this diagnosis are needed to completely define radiological criteria, clinical presentation and evolution.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Imagen Cardíaca , No Compactación Aislada del Miocardio Ventricular/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
El objetivo del presente escrito es proponer un modelo teórico desde la neurociencia afectiva para abordar el problema del origen y función de experiencia consciente, para ello se parte de una pequeña discusión acerca del problema epistemológico, ontológico y metodológico que implica construir una explicación de la subjetividad, entendida esta como el atributo central y básico de la consciencia. Se continúa con la presentación de algunos de los fundamentos de la neurociencia afectiva, en especial se explora la propuesta de Jaak Panksepp, desde este punto de vista, la neurociencia afectiva resulta ser un marco conceptual relevante y actualizado para el abordaje de la naturaleza de la experiencia consciente. En este modelo se resalta el papel primordial, básico y biológico de los procesos afectivos, los cuales permiten una autoorganización de los parámetros neurodinámicos, a partir de la cual van emergiendo nuevos patrones de actividad orgánica que dan lugar a los diferentes tipos de subjetividades, estas experiencias subjetiva le permiten al organismo sentir los valores biológicos de su actuar en relación con las exigencias medioambientales. En el último apartado, se presentan algunas consideraciones, se discute sobre el uso desafortunado del concepto de inconsciente, el aporte a problemas de la bioética, y las implicaciones que esta aproximación podría tener para la sociedad en general y para la psicología en particular.
The paper aims is to propose a theoretical model from affective neuroscience to treat the problem of roots and functions of the conscious experience, the paper begins with a short discussion about the epistemological, ontological and methodological problem that implies to build a subjectivity explanation, understood this as the core and basic characteristic of the consciousness. It is continued with the presentation of some affective neuroscience principles, in especial is explored the Jaak Panksepp approach, from this point of view, the affective neuroscience result to be a relevant and updated conceptual framework to treat with the nature of conscious experience. The paper remarks the primordial, basic and biologic role of the affective process, which lets the autoorganization of the neurodynamics parameters, from which goes emerging new patrons of organic activity that result in the different subjectivities feelings, this subjective experiences lets to organism fell the biological values of its action in relation with the environmental challenges. In the last part, are presented some considerations, is discussed about the fortuneless use of unconsciousness concept, the contribution to bioethical problems, and the implications of this approximation on the society in general and the psychology in particular.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Afecto/fisiología , Conciencia , Psicofisiología , Emociones , Modelos Neurológicos , NeurocienciasRESUMEN
El Linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) extraganglionar es una neoplasia maligna que corresponde al 40% de los casos de LNH, siendo el tracto gastrointestintal (TGI) la localización más común. Dentro del TGI es el estómago el órgano más afectado (60%). Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 52 años trabajador en empresa minera por más de 10 años, el cual es derivado al Servicio de Gastroenterología por presentar un cuadro de epigastralgia, náuseas y baja de peso. La endoscopía digestiva mostró una lesión ulcerada en cuerpo gástrico a la cual se le tomaron múltiples biopsias. El estudio histológico y el posterior análisis inmunohistoquímico permitieron realizar el diagnóstico de LNH B difuso de células grandes. Asimismo, el paciente presentó compromiso de múltiples órganos en relación a exposición crónica de metales pesados, lo cual fue comprobado en el mineralograma, siendo las de mayor concentración el uranio, talio, arsénico, plomo y mercurio. En la literatura se ha descrito la asociación de exposición laboral crónica a Uranio y Arsénico con la presentación de LNH de compromiso gastrointestinal. Por tal motivo, el compromiso gástrico no se puede considerar como un daño aislado, sino más bien parte del compromiso sistémico asociado a concentraciones elevadas de metales. La minería constituye el principal motor de ingresos económicos para el Perú, sin embargo, no existen reportes hasta la fecha de la asociación de LNH de compromiso gastrointestinal en relación a exposición laboral a metales pesados.
Primary extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a non epithelial tumours that accounts for 40% of cases of NHL. Spread of nodal lymphomas to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most common location. Within the GIT is the stomach the most affected organ (60%). We report the case of 52-year- old man, mining company worker for over 10 years, which is derived to the Service of Gastroenterology with history of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated lesion on greater curve of stomach and histopathological examination and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis showed diffuse large B cell gastric NHL. Also, the patient had multiple organ involvement in relation to chronic exposure to heavy metals, which was found in the mineralograma, with the highest concentration of uranium, thallium, arsenic, lead and mercury. The literature has described the association of chronic occupational exposure to uranium and arsenic with NHL presenting gastrointestinal involvement. Therefore, gastric commitment can not be considered as an isolated injury, but rather part of systemic involvement associated with elevated concentrations of metals. Mining is a key driver of income for Peru; however, there are no reports to date of the association of gastrointestinal NHL commitment regarding occupational exposure to heavy metals.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinógenos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Metales Pesados/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/inducido químicamente , Minería , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Gástricas/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
Primary extranodal Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a non epithelial tumours that accounts for 40% of cases of NHL. Spread of nodal lymphomas to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most common location. Within the GIT is the stomach the most affected organ (60%). We report the case of 52-year- old man , mining company worker for over 10 years, which is derived to the Service of Gastroenterology with history of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated lesion on greater curve of stomach and histopathological examination and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis showed diffuse large B cell gastric NHL. Also, the patient had multiple organ involvement in relation to chronic exposure to heavy metals, which was found in the mineralograma, with the highest concentration of uranium, thallium, arsenic, lead and mercury. The literature has described the association of chronic occupational exposure to uranium and arsenic with NHL presenting gastrointestinal involvement. Therefore, gastric commitment can not be considered as an isolated injury, but rather part of systemic involvement associated with elevated concentrations of metals. Mining is a key driver of income for Peru; however, there are no reports to date of the association of gastrointestinal NHL commitment regarding occupational exposure to heavy metals.
Asunto(s)
Carcinógenos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Metales Pesados/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minería , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Gástricas/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
Single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. We report the case of a 77- year- old man who was referred for invasive coronary angiography with a diagnosis of a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome of inferior-lateral location. Significant lesion was detected in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). During the procedure, it was impossible to catheterize the left coronary ostium, being the left anterior descending filled from the RCA. Given the suspicion of agenesis of the left main, 64-multidetector computed tomography was performed which confirmed the existence of a solitary coronary ostium with a single artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Seno Aórtico/anomalías , Seno Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
La arteria coronaria única con origen en el seno de Valsalva derecho es una anomalía coronaria congénita poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 77 años remitido para coronariografía invasiva con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST de localización ínfero-lateral. En el estudio se demostró enfermedad significativa en el tercio proximal de la coronaria derecha. Durante el procedimiento no se logró cateterizar el ostium de la coronaria izquierda que aparentemente se rellenaba desde la coronaria derecha. Ante la sospecha de un origen anómalo de la misma, se realizó coronariografía no invasiva mediante tomografía multicorte de 64 cortes que confirmó la existencia de una arteria coronaria única con origen en el seno de Valsalva derecho.
Single coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva is a rare congenital coronary anomaly. We report the case of a 77- year- old man who was referred for invasive coronary angiography with a diagnosis of a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome of inferior-lateral location. Significant lesion was detected in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). During the procedure, it was impossible to catheterize the left coronary ostium, being the left anterior descending filled from the RCA. Given the suspicion of agenesis of the left main, 64-multidetector computed tomography was performed which confirmed the existence of a solitary coronary ostium with a single artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Anomalías Múltiples , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Seno Aórtico/anomalías , Seno AórticoRESUMEN
El receptor ionotrópico de glutamato activado por N-metil-D-aspartato (iGluR-NMDA) está conformado por tres tipos diferentes de subunidades NR1, NR2A a D y NR3A y B codificadas por los genes GRIN1, GRIN2 y GRIN3. Dado que la variabilidad genómica de los GRIN está estrechamente asociada con la historia genética de la población analizada, era necesario realizar un estudio detallado del gen GRIN1 en la población colombiana. Por ello, en este trabajo se identificaron polimorfismos presentes en la región 5-UTR y en el exón 6 del gen GRIN1, en 101 muestras de sangre de cordón umbilical de recién nacidos sanos del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, y se encontró que el polimorfismo A1970G con una frecuencia del alelo menor de 28,21%, no difiere de las poblaciones de caucásicos y nativos americanos. El polimorfismo G1140A, con una frecuencia del alelo menor de 1,49%, no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas con la población de Taiwán. El polimorfismo A1160G sólo mostró una forma alélica...
The ionotropic glutamate receptor activated by Nmethyl-D-aspartate is composed by three different kinds of subunits NR1, NR2A to D and NR3A and B, which are codified by GRIN1, GRIN2 and GRIN3 genes. Since the GRIN genomic variability is closely related to the genetic history of the studied population, it was necessary to develop a detailed study of the frequency of the polymorphisms of the gene GRIN-1 in Colombian population. The main goal of this research was to identify polymorphisms present in 5-UTR region and exon 6 of gene GRIN1, among 101 samples of umbilical cord taken on filter paper of healthy newborns at the University Hospital San Ignacio in Bogota. It was found that polymorphism A1970G with minor allele frequencies of 28.21%, doesn't differ significantly from the frequencies in Caucasian and native American populations. Polymorphism G1140A with minor allele frequencies of 1.49% did not show any significant statistic difference with the Taiwan population. Polymorphism A1160G just showed one allelic form, the A allele...
Asunto(s)
Mucopolisacaridosis IV , Receptores de GlutamatoRESUMEN
The virus most often reported in papaya (Carica papaya L.) is papaya ringspot (PRSV). The aim of this work was the molecular genomic characterization of a Mexican severe isolate of PRSV-P "Mex-VrPO" (isolate from the State of Veracruz in Paso de Ovejas) as well as its comparison with other isolates from other world regions. The linear, assembled, single-strand positive sense RNA genome of PRSV-P Mex-VrPO was 10320 nt in length (excluding the poly(A) tail) and contained a single large predicted ORF with 3344 aa. The comparative analysis of our PRSV isolates and five others reported before, showed the most variable proteins were P1, P3, 6 K and CP with 13-33%, 5-7%, 6-9% and 5-9% divergence respectively. The most conserved ones were CI, NIb and HC-Pro (2-3%, 3-5% and 4-5%). The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relation between the Mexican (Mex-VrPO) and Hawaiian (PRSV-P HA) isolates. This work provided the first opportunity to establish the foundation for (1) understanding whole genome and polyprotein variability between Asian and American PRSV isolates, and (2) elucidating major trends in the relative evolution of viral cistrons as deduced from in silico recombination analyses.