RESUMEN
The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respectively. The efficacy of fucoidans in vivo was evaluated in the outbred mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2. We have shown that both FeF and FeHMP significantly inhibited virus-induced CPE in vitro and were more effective against HSV. FeF exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-2 with a selective index (SI) > 40, and FeHMP with SI Ë 20, when they were added before virus infection or at the early stages of the HSV-2 lifecycle. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44-56%). Thus, FeF and FeHMP have comparable potency against several DNA and RNA viruses, allowing us to consider the studied fucoidans as promising broad-spectrum antivirals.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Fucus/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Chlorocebus aethiops , Virus ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Virus ARN/efectos de los fármacos , Vaginitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vaginitis/virología , Células VeroRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro antioxidant and antiviral activities of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol (5:5:1), showed higher antioxidant and antiviral effects than echinochrome A. We suppose that echinochrome A and its composition can both directly affect virus particles and indirectly enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms in the hosting cell. The obtained results allow considering the echinochrome A and the composition of antioxidants on its basis as the promising agents with the both antioxidant and antiviral activities.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Naftoquinonas/farmacología , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Chlorocebus aethiops , Combinación de Medicamentos , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/efectos de los fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Erizos de Mar , Células Vero , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The herpes virus infection represents a significant challenge for public health. The innate immunity plays an important role in herpes simplex virus (HSV) elimination. The innate antiviral immunity has not been comprehensively studied. The recent investigations demonstrate that Toll-like receptors are actively involved in the virus recognition. The complement and natural antibodies, as well as cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, are the first molecules to bind to virions. In this chapter, some mechanisms of the innate antiviral immunity are discussed and treatment regimens are proposed. The complex of native cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (CCAP or Superlymph) proved to inhibit the virus reproduction in vitro. Protegrines, as a CCAP component, were active against the virus. Considering all the data, we conclude that the complex of native cytokines and antimicrobial peptides produces both immunomodulating and antiviral effects.