RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We carried out a randomized placebo-controlled trial in very low birth weight neonates (VLBWNs), comparing the incidence of nosocomial infections after the prophylactic use of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF) versus placebo in VLBWNs. STUDY DESIGN: VLBWNs (n = 264), weighing 501 to 1000 g, /=4000/mm,3 peripheral blood progenitor studies, and 24-hour polymorphonuclear leukocyte C3bi receptor expression were compared between the 2 treatment groups. RESULTS: No (grade III/IV) toxicity or adverse events were associated with rhu GM-CSF. The absolute neutrophil count and absolute eosinophil count were significantly elevated in the rhu GM-CSF group on days 7 (P =.001), 14 (P =.001), and 21 (P =.007) and on days 7 and 28 (P =.012 and P =.001, respectively). However, there was no difference in the incidence of confirmed nosocomial infections between the 2 treatment groups in this trial (40% vs 39%, rhu GM-CSF vs placebo; P = NS). CONCLUSION: In a large randomized placebo-controlled trial, prophylactic administration of rhu GM-CSF in VLBWNs does not appear to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/uso terapéutico , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Método Doble Ciego , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Recuento de Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Proteínas Recombinantes , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Portion rats in a life span study were fed three diets which differed in the quantity and quality of total fats but were supplied in calorically equal amounts. In an attempt to comparing aging rates, we used a combination of tests involving different organ systems. This holistic approach to measuring aging included the assessment of changes in multifactorially regulated systems of glucose homeostasis and oxygen consumption; changes in tension responses of the extracellular protein collagen and accumulation of lipofuscin pigment in adrenal glands were also measured. Glucose tolerance and oxygen consumption changed in age largely as expected and there were no consistent differences between the aging rates for the three different diets. Accumulation of the intracellular aging pigment lipofuscin and the breaking time of tail tendons also showed the expected increases with increasing age. Dietary differences were noted with the 2-year-old rats consuming the low fat stock diet showing the greatest accumulation of lipofuscin and the longest tail tendon breaking times.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Glándulas Suprarrenales/metabolismo , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Colágeno/fisiología , Femenino , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Lipofuscina/metabolismo , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno , Ratas , Cola (estructura animal) , Tendones/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A freeze-dried human diet, based on linoleic acid-enriched food stuffs derived from ruminants, was evaluated and compared with a similarly-prepared diet based on conventional ruminant-derived foodstuffs, using Porton rats in a whole-of-life study. A cereal-based stock diet was used for comparison. Serum biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out at 0.25, 1.1 and 2.1 years of age and other rats were left until they died of natural causes. Although some diet-specific biochemical differences were noted, triglyceride and cholesterol levels showed changes which were more age-specific than diet-specific. Longevity did not seem to be influenced by quantity or quality of dietary fat. The most common cause of death was a bronchopneumonia at about 2 years of age. Dietary fat also did not affect incidence of tumors. The most common tumor was a pituitary adenoma which occurred most often in females. Only minor causes of death were specific to diet with waxy intra-cardial plaques occurring in less than 5% of rats fed both of the high-fat diets and severe systemic hypertension occurring in rats fed the low-fat stock diet at the same frequency. No deleterious changes were noted that were unique to the linoleic acid-enriched diet.