RESUMEN
Ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, 1-propanol, and ethanol were screened among the class 3 category solvents as an alternative to hexane based on operational and occupational safety and bio-renewability potential. All five solvents exhibited higher extractability (22.3 to 23.2%) than hexane (21.5%) with soybean flour. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of the oils extracted using alternate solvents and hexane, indicating the oil quality was not affected. More importantly, ethyl acetate (2.1%) resulted in a marginally higher yield of TAG, while 2-propanol showed a nearly equal yield to hexane. Further, membrane desolventizing was attempted to mitigate the limitations of higher thermal energy requirements. One of the polydimethylsiloxane membranes exhibited good selectivity (TAG rejection 85.8%) and acceptable flux (59.3 L·m-2·h-1) with an ethyl acetate miscella system. Under plant-simulated recirculation conditions, a two-stage membrane process reduced the oil content in permeate to 2.5%. The study revealed that ethyl acetate could potentially replace hexane, considering its higher TAG extractability and suitability for the membrane-augmented solvent recycling process in the extraction plants.
RESUMEN
Nonpolar solvents have been reported to exhibit a nonlinear flux-pressure behavior in hydrophobic membranes. This study explored the flux-pressure relationship of six nonpolar solvents in a lab-cast hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane and integrated the permeance behavior in the evaluation of the proposed transport model. The solvents exhibited a nonlinear relationship with the applied pressure, along with the point of permeance transition (1.5-2.5 MPa), identified as the critical pressure corresponding to membrane compaction. Two classical transport models, the pore-flow model and solution-diffusion model, were evaluated for the prediction of permeance. The solution-diffusion model indicated a high correlation with the experimental results before the point of transition (R 2 = 0.97). After the point of transition, the compaction factor (due to membrane compaction after the critical pressure) derived from the permeance characteristics was included, which significantly improved the predictability of the solution-diffusion model (R 2 = 0.91). A nonlinear flux-pressure behavior was also observed in hexane-oil miscella (a two-component system), confirming the existence of a similar phenomenon. The study revealed that a solution-diffusion model with appropriate inclusion of compaction factor could be used as a prediction tool for solvent permeance over a wide range of applied transmembrane pressures (0-4 MPa) in solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes.