RESUMEN

Objectives: The onset of common mental disorders (CMDs) is most prevalent among youth; thus, mental health management is crucial. We examined differences in risk and risk factor determinants regarding CMDs prevalence among youth in rural and urban Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey. The population comprised 122,114 respondents, aged 15 to 24 years, who had completed the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire along with providing demographic and health behavior data. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were employed for analysis. Results: The CMDs risk was higher among urban than rural youth. Risk factors impacting both populations included being female, having a lower education level, consuming fewer than 7 portions of vegetables weekly, smoking, and drinking alcohol (p<0.05). Consuming under 7 portions of fruit weekly and being in the highest or lowest wealth quintile were significant risk factors only in urban youth, while unemployment and divorce were significant only among rural respondents (p<0.05). Marriage was protective against CMDs among rural participants. Conclusion: Being male, possessing a college degree, consuming at least 7 portions of vegetables weekly, not smoking, and not consuming alcohol were associated with reduced CMDs risk in urban and rural youth. Among rural youth, marriage and employment were linked to decreased risk, whereas divorce displayed the opposite relationship. In urban populations, consuming at least 7 portions of fruit weekly and belonging to neither the highest nor the lowest economic quintile were protective factors. Management strategies for CMDs in young people must address these considerations.

RESUMEN

Background: Cesarean section (CS) could be life-saving with medically indicated, but without it, both women and children could be at risk. The maximum rate for CS is 15%, but it tends to exceed globally. Objective: We aimed to analyze the education level's role in the delivery of CS in Indonesia. Methods: We used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. The study sampled 15,357 women who delivered in five last years. Besides delivery mode and education level, the study also used nine control variables: residence, age, marital, employment, parity, wealth, insurance, antenatal care, and birth type. The study employed a binary logistics regression. Results: The results show women with secondary education (16.5% CS) are 2.174 times (AOR 2.174; 95% CI 1.095-4.316), and higher education (33% CS) are 3.241 (AOR 3.241; 95% CI 1.624-6.469) times more likely to deliver by CS than no-school education (4.4% CS). There was no significant difference between primary (9.1%) and no-education women. Apart from education, primiparous women, age 34-34 yr, attending antenatal care ≥4 times, non-poorest, having insurance, living in the city, and being unemployed also related to higher risk of CS. Conclusion: Exceeded CS in Indonesia occurs mostly in higher education women. Higher education women were more likely to access more information and technology, therefore health promotion on healthy normal birth on social media or m-Health (mobile device-based health promotion) and involving health authorities at every level were suitable to reduce the overuse of the CS.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The disadvantaged areas are one of the government's focuses in accelerating development in Indonesia, including the health sector. The study aims to determine the target for expanding hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia. METHODS: The study employed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey data. This cross-sectional study analyzed 42,644 respondents. The study used nine independent variables: residence, age, gender, marital, education, employment, wealth, insurance, and travel time, in addition to hospital utilization, as a dependent variable. The study employed binary logistic regression to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The results found that average hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia in 2018 was 3.7%. Urban areas are 1.045 times more likely than rural areas to utilize the hospital (95% CI 1.032-1.058). The study also found age has a relationship with hospital utilization. Females are 1.656 times more likely than males to use the hospital (95% CI 1.639-1.673). Moreover, the study found marital status has a relationship with hospital utilization. The higher the education level, the higher the hospital utilization. Employed individuals have a 0.748 possibility to use the hospital compared with those unemployed (95% CI 0.740-0.757). Wealthy individuals have more chances of using the hospital than poor individuals. Individuals with all insurance types are more likely to utilize the hospital than those uninsured. Individuals with travel times of ≤ 1 h are 2.510 more likely to use the hospital than those with > 1 h (95% CI 2.483-2.537). CONCLUSION: The specific targets to accelerate the increase in hospital utilization in disadvantaged areas in Indonesia are living in a rural area, being male, never in a union, having no education, being employed, being the poorest, uninsured, and having a travel time of > 1 h. The government should make a policy addressing the problem based on the research findings.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Maluku region encompasses thousands of islands. The study analyzed factors related to stunting among children under two years old in the Maluku Region of Indonesia. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined 4764 children under two years. In addition to nutritional status (stature), the study analyzed ten independent variables (province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children's age, gender, and early initiation of breastfeeding [EIBF]). Finally, the contribution of various factors to stunting was examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: Children in Maluku province were 1.13 times more likely than those in North Maluku province to become stunted. In addition, children aged 12-13 months were 4.09 times more likely than<12 months, and boys were 1.87 times more likely than girls to have the patterns of stunting. Children in rural areas were 1.10 times more likely to become stunted than those in urban areas (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.14). Divorced/widowed mothers were 1.88 times more likely than married mothers. Mothers of all education levels were more likely than those without formal education, and unemployed mothers were 1.07 times more likely than employed mothers to have stunted children. The possibility of becoming stunted was lower when the children were wealthier. CONCLUSION: Nine variables were related to stunted incidence, including province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children's age, and gender.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective: This study set out to explore public interest through information search trends on diet and weight loss before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative internet search popularity on diet-related search terms, including top and rising diet-related terms. The search range was before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2018 to January 2022) in the Indonesia region. We analyzed the Relative Search Volume (RSV) data using line charts, correlation, and comparison tests. Results: Search queries of "lose weight" was higher during the pandemic (58.34 ± 9.70 vs. 68.69 ± 7.72; p<0.05). No difference was found in diet-related searches before and after the pandemic. Public interest in the diet was higher after Eid al-Fitr (Muslims break fasting celebration day) and after the new year. Many fad diet (FD) terms were found on the top and rising terms. Conclusion: After Eid al-Fitr and the new year were susceptible times for promoting a healthy diet in Indonesia. Potential need found before those times for education in inserting healthy food among fatty and sugary menus related to holidays and celebrations. Higher interest in "lose weight" was relevant to heightened obesity risk during the social restriction and heightened COVID-19 morbidity and mortality due to obesity. The high interest for rapid weight loss through FD needs to be resolved by promoting healthy diets with a more captivating message and messenger, like consistently using top terms in the keywords of the official healthy diet guidance. Future research could explore the relationship between diet and other behavior or with non-communicable diseases.

RESUMEN

Iodine deficiency affects people of all age groups and yields detrimental health effects known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). Universal Salt Iodization (USI) where above 90% household use iodized salt became the main program to optimized population iodine status. This study aimed to analyze iodine in salt, iodine status and thyroid functions from three different IDD endemic regions. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, with women of reproductive age (15 to 45 y old) as subjects, conducted in plain area (Yogyakarta) city (n=250), mountainous area (Bukit Tinggi city) (n=249), and combination of mountaneous and plain area (Purworejo regency) (n=249). Urinary iodine (UIE), prevalence of hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism (diagnostic based on combination of TSH and fT4 level), also the presence or absence and level of iodine in salt were assessed. RESULT: Iodized salt coverage have reached >90% household in all three region, while titration found 75.6% with adequate level of iodine in salt (>30 ppm), with wide range of iodine level in salt (0.00-218.2 ppm). With that condition, population in plain and combination of plain and mountainous area have more than adequate iodine status (218 µg/L and 224 µg/L), while population in mountaneous area still in mild iodine deficiency status (UIE median of 88 µg/L). Most population is in euthyroid condition. Hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, secondary hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hypothyroidism were found in 0.7%, 4.8%, 0.4%, 8.9%, and 0.9% population consecutively. There were no relationship between iodine status and prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, but subclinical hypothyroidism most prevalent in excess UIE population (12.5% vs 8.3%). CONCLUSION: All three regions have achieved USI target. But the risk of iodine deficiency still found in mountaneous area. Household iodized salt coverage discrepancy between rapid test and titration strengthen the need of more accurate but efficient test of iodine level in salt.

Asunto(s)