RESUMEN
We utilize the efficient GBS technique to obtain thousands of nuclear loci and SNPs to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Mexican leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus). Through the incorporation of unprecedented sampling for this group of geckos, in combination with genomic data analysis, we generate mostly consistent phylogenetic hypotheses using two approaches: supermatrix and coalescent-based inference. All topologies depict three, mutually exclusive major clades. Clade I comprises P. bordai and all species closer to P. bordai than to any other Phyllodactylus. Clade II comprises P. nocticolus and all species closer to P. nocticolus than to any other Phyllodactylus. Clade III comprises P. tuberculosus and all species closer to P. tuberculosus than to any other Phyllodactylus. Analyses estimate the age for the most recent common ancestor of Phyllodactylus in the Eocene (~43 mya), and the ancestors of each major clade date to the Eocene-Oligocene transition (32-36 mya). This group includes one late-Eocene lineage (P. bordai), Oligocene lineages (P. paucituberculatus, P. delcampi), but also topological patterns that indicate a recent radiation occurred during the Pleistocene on islands in the Gulf of California. The wide spatial and temporal scale indicates a complex and unique biogeographic history for each major clade. The 33 species delimited by BPP and stepping-stone BFD*coalescent based genomic approaches reflect this history. This diversity delimited for Mexican leaf-toed geckos demonstrates a vast underestimation in the number of species based on morphological data alone.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Lagartos/clasificación , Animales , Teorema de Bayes , Evolución Biológica , Lagartos/genética , México , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Redefinimos la distribución del hílido guayanés Hypsiboas roraima Duellman & Hoogmoed. Analizamos su canto y consideramos Hypsiboas angelicus Myers & Donnelly como un sinónimo menor de H. roraima.
The distribution of the poorly known hylid frog Hypsiboas roraima Duellman & Hoogmoed, on the Guiana Shield is redefined, including new records from Venezuela. The advertisement call of this species is analyzed and Hypsiboas angelicus Myers & Donnelly is associated as a junior synonym of H. roraima.
RESUMEN
Redefinimos la distribución del hílido guayanés Hypsiboas roraima Duellman & Hoogmoed. Analizamos su canto y consideramos Hypsiboas angelicus Myers & Donnelly como un sinónimo menor de H. roraima.
The distribution of the poorly known hylid frog Hypsiboas roraima Duellman & Hoogmoed, on the Guiana Shield is redefined, including new records from Venezuela. The advertisement call of this species is analyzed and Hypsiboas angelicus Myers & Donnelly is associated as a junior synonym of H. roraima.
RESUMEN
Considerable confusion exists regarding taxonomy and distributions of Oxyrhopus in northern South America. Specimens and records of Oxyrhopus from Guyana were examined. Oxyrhopus melanogenys, O. occipitalis and O. petola occur in Guyana. Data on morphology and colouration of these species are presented. Species distributions and characters to distinguish among the species are discussed.
Existe uma considerável confusão sobre a taxonomia e distribuições de Oxyrhopus no norte da América do Sul. Os espécimes e registros de Oxyrhopus da Guyana foram examinados. Oxyrhopus melanogenys, O. occipitalis e O. petola ocorre na Guyana. Os dados de morfologia e coloração destas espécies são apresentados. As distribuições destas espécies e caracteres para distinguir essas espécies são discutidos.
RESUMEN
Considerable confusion exists regarding taxonomy and distributions of Oxyrhopus in northern South America. Specimens and records of Oxyrhopus from Guyana were examined. Oxyrhopus melanogenys, O. occipitalis and O. petola occur in Guyana. Data on morphology and colouration of these species are presented. Species distributions and characters to distinguish among the species are discussed.
Existe uma considerável confusão sobre a taxonomia e distribuições de Oxyrhopus no norte da América do Sul. Os espécimes e registros de Oxyrhopus da Guyana foram examinados. Oxyrhopus melanogenys, O. occipitalis e O. petola ocorre na Guyana. Os dados de morfologia e coloração destas espécies são apresentados. As distribuições destas espécies e caracteres para distinguir essas espécies são discutidos.
RESUMEN
Recent collections are used to expand existing descriptions of adults of Otophryne robusta and O. steyermarki.The calls of O. pyburni and O. robusta are compared. Tadpoles of O. robusta and O. steyermarki are described. Characters for distinguishing among adults and tadpoles of these two species and O. pyburni are provided. Otophryne is a Guiana shield endemic; O. pyburni is widespread at lower elevations, whereas O. robusta and O. steyermarki occur in southeastern Venezuela and western Guyana, the former at moderate elevations and the latter at higher elevations.
Coleções recentes de Otophryne robusta e O. steyermarki são usadas para expandir descrições existentes de adultos. Os cantos de O. pyburni e O. robusta são comparados. Os girinos de O. robusta e O. steyermarki são descritos. Os caráteres para distinguir adultos e girinos destas duas espécies e O. pyburni são fornecidos. Otophryne é endêmico do escudo Guianense; O. pyburni é comum em elevações mais baixas, enquanto O. robusta e O. steyermarki ocorrem no sudeste da Venezuela e Guiana ocidental, o primeiro em elevações moderadas e o último em elevações maiores.
RESUMEN
Recent collections are used to expand existing descriptions of adults of Otophryne robusta and O. steyermarki.The calls of O. pyburni and O. robusta are compared. Tadpoles of O. robusta and O. steyermarki are described. Characters for distinguishing among adults and tadpoles of these two species and O. pyburni are provided. Otophryne is a Guiana shield endemic; O. pyburni is widespread at lower elevations, whereas O. robusta and O. steyermarki occur in southeastern Venezuela and western Guyana, the former at moderate elevations and the latter at higher elevations.
Coleções recentes de Otophryne robusta e O. steyermarki são usadas para expandir descrições existentes de adultos. Os cantos de O. pyburni e O. robusta são comparados. Os girinos de O. robusta e O. steyermarki são descritos. Os caráteres para distinguir adultos e girinos destas duas espécies e O. pyburni são fornecidos. Otophryne é endêmico do escudo Guianense; O. pyburni é comum em elevações mais baixas, enquanto O. robusta e O. steyermarki ocorrem no sudeste da Venezuela e Guiana ocidental, o primeiro em elevações moderadas e o último em elevações maiores.
RESUMEN
A new species of Dipsas is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The new species is characterised by 15 dorsal scale rows with the middorsal row slightly enlarged. four pairs of chinshields with the first pair elongate, elongate loreal entering orbit, one preocular, six upper labials, and head narrow anteriorly, increasing in width posteriorly. It could not be determined to which of Peters' (1960) species groups the new species belongs. The new species is known only from 1490 m elevation on Mount Ayanganna. a tepui in the Guiana Shield, where it was found in high-tepui low-canopy habitat, in bromeliads or branches. This is the first record of Dipsas as a member of the Guiana Shield high-tepui herpetofauna.